"philology" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "classical philology"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cognitive philology"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "comparative philology"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "philologer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "philological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "philologically"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "philologist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "textual philology"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "philologie",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English philologie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "philologie"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English philologie",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "philologia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin philologia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "φιλολογίᾱ",
        "t": "love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φιλολογίᾱ (philologíā, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English philologie, from Latin philologia, from Ancient Greek φιλολογίᾱ (philologíā, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "philologies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "philology (countable and uncountable, plural philologies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "humanities"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "logophilia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "classical studies"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "higher criticism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "linguistics"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "literary criticism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lower criticism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "philosophy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "textual criticism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": ":Category:en:Humanities"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 560. Language"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 10 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 11 29 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 10 27 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Meronyms: see Thesaurus:philology"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Alan Kim, “Paul Natorp”, in Edward N. Zalta, editor, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy",
          "text": "[…]his early philosophical studies converged with his original love of philology as he pursued the “prehistory” of Kantian critique in Descartes, Galileo, and Copernicus, back to Plato.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The humanistic study of language."
      ],
      "id": "en-philology-en-noun-u7V5bkQW",
      "links": [
        [
          "humanistic",
          "humanistic"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Linguistics."
      ],
      "id": "en-philology-en-noun-NGyMzNn-",
      "links": [
        [
          "Linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) Linguistics."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncommon",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "en:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 10 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 19 40 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with philo-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a. 1662, Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England https://archive.org/details/historyofworthie01full\nIndeed philology properly is terse and polite learning...; being that florid skill containing only the roses of learning, without the prickles thereof, in which narrow sense thorny philosophy is discharged, as no part of philology. But we take it in the larger notion, as inclusive of all human liberal studies..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking."
      ],
      "id": "en-philology-en-noun-hjaP7Tn4",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1968, John Paul Pritchard, On Interpretation and Criticism, University of Oklahoma Press",
          "text": "Philology and philosophy are treated as reciprocal. They exist on equal footing, and neither functions satisfactorily without the other. Their methods ... are opposite; philology attains to knowledge through induction, whereas philosophy starts from a concept. To formulate his concepts soundly, the philosopher needs an adequate fund of knowledge or data; too many philosophers ... lack a basis in knowledge or tradition",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Scholarship and culture, particularly classical, literary and linguistic."
      ],
      "id": "en-philology-en-noun-Do7CZdkk",
      "qualifier": "culture",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(culture) Scholarship and culture, particularly classical, literary and linguistic."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-philology.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "philology"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologji"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fiqhu l-luḡa",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "فِقْهُ اللُّغَة"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕilmu fiqhi l-luḡa",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "عِلْمُ فِقْهِ اللُّغَة"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "banasirutʿyun",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "բանասիրություն"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloxía"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "filalóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філало́гія"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "filjoljóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Taraškievica",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філёлё́гія"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "wau:hara.beda.",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ဝေါဟာရဗေဒ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文字學"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wénzìxué",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文字学"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "語文學"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yǔwénxué",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "语文学"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filoloogia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "málfrøði"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "philologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloxía"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "pilologia",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ფილოლოგია"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Philologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "filología",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "φιλολογία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "philología",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "φιλολογία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "filológiya",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "פִילוֹלוֹגְיָה"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "bhāṣāśāstra",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "भाषाशास्त्र"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filológia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "textafræði"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "philologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "focleolaíocht"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "ぶんけんがく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bunkengaku",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文献学"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "niruttesaah",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "munheonhak",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "문헌학"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloģija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гија"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ],
      "word": "کاجي بهاس"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ],
      "word": "فيلولوݢي"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Rumi"
      ],
      "word": "kaji bahasa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Rumi"
      ],
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloġija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "fro",
      "lang": "Old French",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "philologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "filoloži",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "فیلولوژی"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filològija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "jezikoznànstvo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filuluggìa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filológia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filología"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filolojia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "palawikaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "ní-rúk-dtì-sàat",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "นิรุกติศาสตร์"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filoloji"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "dil bilimi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologiýa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "udm",
      "lang": "Udmurt",
      "roman": "kylosbur",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "кылосбур"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "filolóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філоло́гія"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "bác ngữ học"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ngữ văn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ngôn ngữ học"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ffiloleg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ieitheg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "filologye",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "פֿילאָלאָגיע"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "philology"
  ],
  "word": "philology"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with philo-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ology",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "classical philology"
    },
    {
      "word": "cognitive philology"
    },
    {
      "word": "comparative philology"
    },
    {
      "word": "philologer"
    },
    {
      "word": "philological"
    },
    {
      "word": "philologically"
    },
    {
      "word": "philologist"
    },
    {
      "word": "textual philology"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "philologie",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English philologie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "philologie"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English philologie",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "philologia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin philologia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "φιλολογίᾱ",
        "t": "love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φιλολογίᾱ (philologíā, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English philologie, from Latin philologia, from Ancient Greek φιλολογίᾱ (philologíā, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "philologies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "philology (countable and uncountable, plural philologies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "humanities"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "logophilia"
    },
    {
      "word": "classical studies"
    },
    {
      "word": "higher criticism"
    },
    {
      "word": "linguistics"
    },
    {
      "word": "literary criticism"
    },
    {
      "word": "lower criticism"
    },
    {
      "word": "philosophy"
    },
    {
      "word": "textual criticism"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": ":Category:en:Humanities"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 560. Language"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Meronyms: see Thesaurus:philology"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Alan Kim, “Paul Natorp”, in Edward N. Zalta, editor, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy",
          "text": "[…]his early philosophical studies converged with his original love of philology as he pursued the “prehistory” of Kantian critique in Descartes, Galileo, and Copernicus, back to Plato.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The humanistic study of language."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humanistic",
          "humanistic"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with uncommon senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Linguistics."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) Linguistics."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncommon",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a. 1662, Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England https://archive.org/details/historyofworthie01full\nIndeed philology properly is terse and polite learning...; being that florid skill containing only the roses of learning, without the prickles thereof, in which narrow sense thorny philosophy is discharged, as no part of philology. But we take it in the larger notion, as inclusive of all human liberal studies..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1968, John Paul Pritchard, On Interpretation and Criticism, University of Oklahoma Press",
          "text": "Philology and philosophy are treated as reciprocal. They exist on equal footing, and neither functions satisfactorily without the other. Their methods ... are opposite; philology attains to knowledge through induction, whereas philosophy starts from a concept. To formulate his concepts soundly, the philosopher needs an adequate fund of knowledge or data; too many philosophers ... lack a basis in knowledge or tradition",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Scholarship and culture, particularly classical, literary and linguistic."
      ],
      "qualifier": "culture",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(culture) Scholarship and culture, particularly classical, literary and linguistic."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɪˈlɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-philology.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-philology.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:philology",
      "word": "philology"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologji"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fiqhu l-luḡa",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "فِقْهُ اللُّغَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕilmu fiqhi l-luḡa",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "عِلْمُ فِقْهِ اللُّغَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "banasirutʿyun",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "բանասիրություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloxía"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "filalóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філало́гія"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "filjoljóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Taraškievica",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філёлё́гія"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "wau:hara.beda.",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ဝေါဟာရဗေဒ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文字學"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wénzìxué",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文字学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "語文學"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yǔwénxué",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "语文学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologio"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filoloogia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "málfrøði"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "philologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloxía"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "pilologia",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ფილოლოგია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Philologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "filología",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "φιλολογία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "philología",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "φιλολογία"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "filológiya",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "פִילוֹלוֹגְיָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "bhāṣāśāstra",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "भाषाशास्त्र"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "textafræði"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologio"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "philologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "focleolaíocht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぶんけんがく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bunkengaku",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "文献学"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "niruttesaah",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "munheonhak",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "문헌학"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloģija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гија"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ],
      "word": "کاجي بهاس"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ],
      "word": "فيلولوݢي"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Rumi"
      ],
      "word": "kaji bahasa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "Rumi"
      ],
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filoloġija"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fro",
      "lang": "Old French",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "philologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "filoloži",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "فیلولوژی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "filológija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "филоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filològija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "jezikoznànstvo"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filuluggìa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filología"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filolojia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "palawikaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "ní-rúk-dtì-sàat",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "นิรุกติศาสตร์"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filoloji"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "dil bilimi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "filologiýa"
    },
    {
      "code": "udm",
      "lang": "Udmurt",
      "roman": "kylosbur",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "кылосбур"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "filolóhija",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "філоло́гія"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "bác ngữ học"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ngữ văn"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philology",
      "word": "ngôn ngữ học"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ffiloleg"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ieitheg"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "filologye",
      "sense": "philology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "פֿילאָלאָגיע"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "philology"
  ],
  "word": "philology"
}