"lower criticism" meaning in English

{
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "niedere Kritik"
      },
      "expansion": "Calque of German niedere Kritik",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "higher criticism"
      },
      "expansion": "higher criticism",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "historical criticism"
      },
      "expansion": "historical criticism",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Calque of German niedere Kritik. In contrast to higher criticism, i.e. historical criticism, the broader interpretation of texts as historical sources, understood as building on the results of “lower criticism”.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lower criticism (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "History",
          "orig": "en:History",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1891 August, Llewelyn J. Evans, “The Inerrancy of Scripture”, in The Homiletic Review, volume 22, number 2, page 106",
          "text": "Nor should it be forgotten in this connection that the conclusions of the Lower Criticism respecting the text were at first as vehemently assailed as are those of the Higher Criticism respecting the contents of Scripture, and from similar premises.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of textual criticism (“scientific reconstruction of original historical texts”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-lower_criticism-en-noun-A8kMDwre",
      "links": [
        [
          "textual criticism",
          "textual criticism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Synonym of textual criticism (“scientific reconstruction of original historical texts”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "scientific reconstruction of original historical texts",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "textual criticism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lower criticism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "niedere Kritik"
      },
      "expansion": "Calque of German niedere Kritik",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "higher criticism"
      },
      "expansion": "higher criticism",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "historical criticism"
      },
      "expansion": "historical criticism",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Calque of German niedere Kritik. In contrast to higher criticism, i.e. historical criticism, the broader interpretation of texts as historical sources, understood as building on the results of “lower criticism”.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lower criticism (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms calqued from German",
        "English terms derived from German",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:History"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1891 August, Llewelyn J. Evans, “The Inerrancy of Scripture”, in The Homiletic Review, volume 22, number 2, page 106",
          "text": "Nor should it be forgotten in this connection that the conclusions of the Lower Criticism respecting the text were at first as vehemently assailed as are those of the Higher Criticism respecting the contents of Scripture, and from similar premises.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of textual criticism (“scientific reconstruction of original historical texts”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "textual criticism",
          "textual criticism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Synonym of textual criticism (“scientific reconstruction of original historical texts”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "scientific reconstruction of original historical texts",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "textual criticism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
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    }
  ],
  "word": "lower criticism"
}