See phalanx in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for phalanx meaning in English (24.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "distal phalanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "intermediate phalanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "middle phalanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "phalangeal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "proximal phalanx"
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"2": "la",
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"expansion": "Latin phalanx",
"name": "bor"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φάλαγξ",
"4": "",
"5": "battle order, array"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phalange",
"3": "plank"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of phalange and plank",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin phalanx or Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”). Doublet of phalange and plank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phalanxes",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "phalanges",
"tags": [
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"name": "en-noun"
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"pha‧lanx"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears."
],
"id": "en-phalanx-en-noun-SNjlPUL9",
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"qualifier": "plural phalanxes",
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"(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears."
],
"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
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"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "tufë trima"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿaġang",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "փաղանգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "方陣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāngzhèn",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "方阵"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
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"word": "falanks"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falango"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalange"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phalanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phálanx",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kjúka"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "farankusu",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "ファランクス"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalanx"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falangă"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 5 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "phalanx"
}
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"kind": "topical",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 April 16, Jon Mooallem, “The End Is Near! (Yay!)”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "[Charles Fourier] calculated that if precisely 1,620 men, women and children were collected in a 6,000-acre phalanx, they would — all by merrily following their individual passions — end up satisfying all the phalanx’s essential needs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Fourierite utopian community; a phalanstery."
],
"id": "en-phalanx-en-noun-yTAC8QhV",
"links": [
[
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[
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"utopian"
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[
"phalanstery",
"phalanstery"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical sociology) A Fourierite utopian community; a phalanstery."
],
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"historical"
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"sciences",
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{
"ref": "1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, The Chair of the Indian KIng, page 93",
"text": "The monarch hath gone, but his rocky throne\nStill rests on its frowning base;\nIts motionless guards rise in phalanx lone,\nAnd nought save the winds through their helmets that moan,\nAnd none but those bosoms and hearts of stone\nSigh o'er a fallen race.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Ida M[inerva] Tarbell, “The Second Funeral of Napoleon.—Removal of Napoleon’s Remains from St. Helena to the Banks of the Seine in 1840.”, in A Short Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, New York, N.Y.: S[amuel] S[idney] MᶜClure, Limited […], page 240, column 1",
"text": "From Courbevoie to the Hôtel des Invalides, one walked through a hedge of elaborate decorations—of bees, eagles, crowns, N’s; of bucklers, banners, and wreaths bearing the names of famous victories; of urns blazing with incense; of rostral columns; masts bearing trophies of arms and clusters of flags; flaming tripods; allegorical statues; triumphal arches; great banks of seats draped in imperial purple and packed with spectators, and phalanges of soldiers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 331",
"text": "Broad phalanx of cars across the bridge moving slowly through the streaming snow.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 April 25, Hélène Mulholland, “Blair refuses to condemn FoI bill”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2014-10-03",
"text": "The Guardian today listed a phalanx of ministers who back the bill, including Tessa Jowell, the culture secretary, Tony McNulty, the policing minister, Andy Burnham, the junior health minister, Ian Pearson, the climate change minister, John Healey, the financial secretary to the Treasury, and Keith Hill, parliamentary private secretary to Tony Blair.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 6, Sean O'Hagan, “The day I thought would never come: This week, Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness will astonish those who experienced the Troubles”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2014-10-03",
"text": "There, the Paisleyites were being held back by another phalanx of soldiers and policemen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Maria Nugent, “[In between] The second day”, in Captain Cook Was Here, Cambridge University Press, page 58",
"text": "For a short time the two phalanges of men faced each other at a distance apart.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Sugata Nandi, “Insurrectionary city: Revolts in colonial Calcutta, 1918–1946”, in Urvi Mukhopadhyay, Suchandra Ghosh, editors, Exploring South Asian Urbanity, Routledge, →DOI, part V (Urban fringes and insurrections), chapter section “The mass and Gandhi Raj, 1918–1922”",
"text": "The next day, phalanges of soldiers blocked all entrances to the city as rumours that Muslim workers from all around Calcutta would throng the venue of the meeting in protest reached the commissioner of the city Police.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.",
"A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose."
],
"id": "en-phalanx-en-noun-rlp1-e1f",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 12 59 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large group of animals, plants, or people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orda"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 12 59 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large group of animals, plants, or people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large group of people",
"word": "falangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orda"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 9 86 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "en:Skeleton",
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"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
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{
"_dis": "29 28 21 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Greece",
"orig": "en:Ancient Greece",
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"Ancient Near East",
"History of Greece",
"Ancient history",
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],
"glosses": [
"One of the bones of the finger or toe."
],
"id": "en-phalanx-en-noun-HS8m4IAV",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"finger",
"finger"
],
[
"toe",
"toe"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural phalanges",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "11 6 11 72",
"sense": "bone of the finger or toe",
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "phalange"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāmā",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُلَامَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāmiyya",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُلَامِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "matnahatvac",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "մատնահատված"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǐgǔ",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "指骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǐgǔ",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "趾骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "článek prstu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falanks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kootje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "falango"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"english": "toe",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "varpaanluu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"english": "finger",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "sormiluu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fingerglied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zehenglied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galíl",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גָּלִיל"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kjúka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"alt": "しこつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikotsu",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "指骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"alt": "しこつ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikotsu",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "趾骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigol",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "지골"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "hestiyên pêçiyê"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "hestiyên tilîyê"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "falanks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "iwi mati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paliczek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falangă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sustáv pálʹca",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суста́в па́льца"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "článok prstu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "vo",
"english": "finger",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "doatabomil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "vo",
"english": "toe",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "teanabomil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffalang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfeɪ.ˌlæŋks/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfæ.ˌlæŋks/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-phalanx.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/En-us-phalanx.ogg/En-us-phalanx.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/En-us-phalanx.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-phalanx.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-au-phalanx.ogg/En-au-phalanx.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-au-phalanx.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"wikipedia": [
"Phalanx bone",
"phalanx"
],
"word": "phalanx"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵ-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"IPA for English using .ˈ or .ˌ",
"en:Ancient Greece",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Military units"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "distal phalanx"
},
{
"word": "intermediate phalanx"
},
{
"word": "middle phalanx"
},
{
"word": "phalangeal"
},
{
"word": "proximal phalanx"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "phalanx"
},
"expansion": "Latin phalanx",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φάλαγξ",
"4": "",
"5": "battle order, array"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phalange",
"3": "plank"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of phalange and plank",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin phalanx or Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”). Doublet of phalange and plank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phalanxes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "phalanges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"2": "phalanges"
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"expansion": "phalanx (plural phalanxes or phalanges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pha‧lanx"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears."
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"Macedonian",
"Macedonian"
],
[
"rank",
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],
[
"file",
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],
[
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],
"qualifier": "plural phalanxes",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 April 16, Jon Mooallem, “The End Is Near! (Yay!)”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "[Charles Fourier] calculated that if precisely 1,620 men, women and children were collected in a 6,000-acre phalanx, they would — all by merrily following their individual passions — end up satisfying all the phalanx’s essential needs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Fourierite utopian community; a phalanstery."
],
"links": [
[
"Fourierite",
"Fourierite"
],
[
"utopian",
"utopian"
],
[
"phalanstery",
"phalanstery"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical sociology) A Fourierite utopian community; a phalanstery."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, The Chair of the Indian KIng, page 93",
"text": "The monarch hath gone, but his rocky throne\nStill rests on its frowning base;\nIts motionless guards rise in phalanx lone,\nAnd nought save the winds through their helmets that moan,\nAnd none but those bosoms and hearts of stone\nSigh o'er a fallen race.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Ida M[inerva] Tarbell, “The Second Funeral of Napoleon.—Removal of Napoleon’s Remains from St. Helena to the Banks of the Seine in 1840.”, in A Short Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, New York, N.Y.: S[amuel] S[idney] MᶜClure, Limited […], page 240, column 1",
"text": "From Courbevoie to the Hôtel des Invalides, one walked through a hedge of elaborate decorations—of bees, eagles, crowns, N’s; of bucklers, banners, and wreaths bearing the names of famous victories; of urns blazing with incense; of rostral columns; masts bearing trophies of arms and clusters of flags; flaming tripods; allegorical statues; triumphal arches; great banks of seats draped in imperial purple and packed with spectators, and phalanges of soldiers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 331",
"text": "Broad phalanx of cars across the bridge moving slowly through the streaming snow.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 April 25, Hélène Mulholland, “Blair refuses to condemn FoI bill”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2014-10-03",
"text": "The Guardian today listed a phalanx of ministers who back the bill, including Tessa Jowell, the culture secretary, Tony McNulty, the policing minister, Andy Burnham, the junior health minister, Ian Pearson, the climate change minister, John Healey, the financial secretary to the Treasury, and Keith Hill, parliamentary private secretary to Tony Blair.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 6, Sean O'Hagan, “The day I thought would never come: This week, Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness will astonish those who experienced the Troubles”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2014-10-03",
"text": "There, the Paisleyites were being held back by another phalanx of soldiers and policemen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Maria Nugent, “[In between] The second day”, in Captain Cook Was Here, Cambridge University Press, page 58",
"text": "For a short time the two phalanges of men faced each other at a distance apart.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Sugata Nandi, “Insurrectionary city: Revolts in colonial Calcutta, 1918–1946”, in Urvi Mukhopadhyay, Suchandra Ghosh, editors, Exploring South Asian Urbanity, Routledge, →DOI, part V (Urban fringes and insurrections), chapter section “The mass and Gandhi Raj, 1918–1922”",
"text": "The next day, phalanges of soldiers blocked all entrances to the city as rumours that Muslim workers from all around Calcutta would throng the venue of the meeting in protest reached the commissioner of the city Police.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.",
"A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the bones of the finger or toe."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"finger",
"finger"
],
[
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"toe"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural phalanges",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈfeɪ.ˌlæŋks/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfæ.ˌlæŋks/"
},
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"tags": [
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{
"sense": "bone of the finger or toe",
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "phalange"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"raw_tags": [
"Old Albanian"
],
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "tufë trima"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿaġang",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "փաղանգ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "方陣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāngzhèn",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "方阵"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falanks"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falanx"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falango"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "falangi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalange"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanxe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phalanx"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phálanx",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγξ"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kjúka"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "farankusu",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "ファランクス"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalanga"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalanx"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falangă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "ancient Greek military unit",
"word": "phalanx"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāmā",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُلَامَى"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāmiyya",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُلَامِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "matnahatvac",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "մատնահատված"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǐgǔ",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "指骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǐgǔ",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "趾骨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "článek prstu"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falanks"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kootje"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "falango"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "toe",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "varpaanluu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "finger",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "sormiluu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phalange"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanxe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fingerglied"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zehenglied"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galíl",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גָּלִיל"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kjúka"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"alt": "しこつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikotsu",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "指骨"
},
{
"alt": "しこつ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "toe bone",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikotsu",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "趾骨"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigol",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "지골"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "hestiyên pêçiyê"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "hestiyên tilîyê"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "falanks"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "iwi mati"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paliczek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falangă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sustáv pálʹca",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суста́в па́льца"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "článok prstu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falang"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falánha",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "finger",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "doatabomil"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "toe",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"word": "teanabomil"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "finger or toe bone",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffalang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large group of animals, plants, or people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orda"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large group of animals, plants, or people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falange"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large group of people",
"word": "falangi"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fálanga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φάλαγγα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orda"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "falanga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falánga",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фала́нга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фаланга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "large group of people",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falanga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phalanx bone",
"phalanx"
],
"word": "phalanx"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges",
"path": [
"phalanx"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "phalanx",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.