See perennial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennialism"
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{
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
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"name": "der"
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"2": "pérenne"
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"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "perenne",
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"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
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"pos": "adj",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial stream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1644 March 8 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 27 February 1644]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 43:",
"text": "[W]hat is most admirable is the vast enclosure, and variety of ground, in yᵉ large garden, containing vineyards, cornefields, meadows, groves (whereof one is of perennial greens), and walkes of vast lengthes, so accurately kept and cultivated, that nothing can be more agreeable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1713, W[illiam] Derham, “[A Survey of the Terraqueous Globe.] The Distribution of the Earth and Waters.”, in Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation. […], London: […] W[illiam] Innys, […], →OCLC, book II (Of the Terraqueous Globe It Self, in General), footnote 3, pages 49–50:",
"text": "And there is ſuch a thing as Subterraneous Heat, […] [a]s is manifeſt from the ſmoking of perennial Fountains in froſty VVeather, and VVater dravvn out of Pumps and open VVells.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Ponds”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 191:",
"text": "It [the pond] is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Herman Melville, “Canto I. In the Mountain.”, in Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons […], →OCLC, part III (Mar Saba), page 306:",
"text": "That desert's age the gorge may prove, / Piercing profound the mountain bare; / Yet hardly churned out in the groove / By a perennial wear and tear / Of floods; nay, dry it shows within; / But twice a year the waters flow, / Nor then in tide, but dribbling thin: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, “The Tectonic Forces of the Mesozoic”, in In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition, page 34:",
"text": "These offshore Sonoman mountains likely formed an orogenic (mountainous) barrier to moisture inland, resulting in a mountain-shadow onshore desert punctuated by regional annual and large basin perennial streams draining into a forearc saline sea.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-fTwOe8mT",
"links": [
[
"Lasting",
"last#Verb"
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[
"remaining",
"remain"
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[
"active",
"active#Adjective"
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[
"year",
"year"
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[
"all",
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[
"time",
"time#Noun"
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multiyear"
},
{
"word": "yearslong"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "perennal"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "celogodíšen",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "целогоди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "helårlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "gansjarig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ympärivuotinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pérenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ganzjährig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "állandó"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "siemprebive"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perennis"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kruglogodíčnyj",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "круглогоди́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 4 2 3 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "bütün sene boyunca"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"text": "His artwork has a perennial beauty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1717, Leonard Welsted, “Book XV. [The Deification of Julius Cæsar.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 545:",
"text": "There, on perennial Adamant deſign'd, / The various Fortunes of your Race you'll find: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1750 December 5 (Gregorian calendar), Samuel Johnson, “No. 72. Saturday, November 24. 1750.”, in The Rambler, volume III, Edinburgh: [[…] Sands, Murray, and Cochran]; sold by W. Gordon, C. Wright, J. Yair, […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "Good humour may be defined a habit of being pleaſed, a conſtant and perennial ſoftneſs of manner, eaſineſs of approach, and ſuavity of diſpoſition; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 232:",
"text": "The perennial exiſtence of bodies corporate and their fortunes, are things particularly ſuited to a man who has long views; who meditates deſigns that require time in faſhioning; and which propoſe duration when they are accompliſhed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1839 (indicated as 1840), Thomas Carlyle, “Finest Peasantry in the World”, in Chartism, London: James Fraser, […], →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "Has Ireland been governed in a 'wise and loving' manner? A government and guidance of white European men which has issued in perennial hunger of potatoes to the third man extant,—ought to drop a veil over its fact, and walk out of court under conduct of proper officers; saying no word; expecting now of a surety sentence either to change or die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “A Marriage Contract”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the first (The Cup and the Lip), page 90:",
"text": "She has a large gold eye-glass, has Lady Tippins, to survey the proceedings with. If she had one in each eye, it might keep that other drooping lid up, and look more uniform. But perennial youth is in her artificial flowers, and her list of lovers is full.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, John Boyle O’Reilly, “The Three Queens”, in In Bohemia, Boston, Mass.: The Pilot Publishing Co. […], published 1886, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 77:",
"text": "Her name was Liberty! Earth lay before her, / And throbbed unconscious fealty and truth; / Morning and night men hastened to adore her, / And from her eyes Peace drew perennial youth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-q4khAEqK",
"links": [
[
"Continuing",
"continue#Verb"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"intermission",
"intermission"
],
[
"several",
"several#Determiner"
],
[
"undetermined",
"undetermined#Adjective"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"neverending",
"neverending"
],
[
"never",
"never#Adverb"
],
[
"failing",
"fail#Verb"
],
[
"perpetual",
"perpetual#Adjective"
],
[
"unceasing",
"unceasing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "continual"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
},
{
"word": "everlasting"
},
{
"word": "permanent"
},
{
"word": "timeless"
},
{
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprekǎ́snat",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "непрекъ́снат"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "véčen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "voortdurend"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ajaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "jatkuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "dauerhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aiónios",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αιώνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diinekís",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "διηνεκής"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eterno"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perpetuo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"alt": "えいぞくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eizoku suru",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "永続する"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "tautini"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jâvid",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "جاوید"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odwieczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postojánnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "постоя́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 6 8 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "sürekli"
}
]
},
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial candidate in elections",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Change is a perennial theme in politics.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1881, “Free-lance” [pseudonym; J. T. Denny], “Ludgate Hill only Rises about Four Feet in Every Hundred—Societies—the Bearing Rein only Required on Cripples”, in Horses and Roads: Or How to Keep a Horse Sound on His Legs […], 3rd edition, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 129:",
"text": "Ludgate Hill is not Moirosi’s Mountain, but, after all, is only a gentle ascent of about half an inch in the foot, over a length of about two hundred yards, up which unshod omnibus horses would trot with a full load in any weather. Yet there it must remain, a chief thoroughfare in the heart of London, a perennial cause of complaint, and of fear, disgust, and injury to man and horse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Annie Besant, Life, Death, and Immortality, London: Freethought Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 3:",
"text": "Of all the questions which, throughout the centuries, have escaped from the lips of man, there is none which has been asked with such persistence, none which has possessed interest more perennial, than \"Whence do I come? Whither shall I go?\" Man's origin, man's hereafter, have ever been of intensest interest to man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-wFJZ9LpJ",
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
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},
{
"_dis": "19 9 16 19 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-LEoJVxrS",
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
],
[
"annual",
"annual#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"(rare) Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 12 14 21 21 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 10 11 15 13 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 12 14 18 19 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 17 19 13 13 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 12 14 21 21 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 13 15 20 21 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 16 18 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 15 17 16 15 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 13 17 16 16 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 10 16 19 15 16 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 15 17 15 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 16 19 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 16 18 15 14 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 15 15 17 18 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 13 14 15 15 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 17 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 13 15 14 15 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladino translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 15 15 18 18 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 17 16 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 6 15 18 17 18 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 15 17 15 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 14 17 13 13 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 15 18 16 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 16 19 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-Hkrq1l1C",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šmathadóvy",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "шматгадо́вы"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšen",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многогоди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "meerjarig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "mehrjährig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetís",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "πολυετής"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"alt": "たねんせいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanensei no",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生の"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köpjyldyq",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "көпжылдық"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "fleirårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čand-sâle",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "چندساله"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wieloletni"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "vivaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogolétnij",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многоле́тний"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "birkaç senelik"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "çok yıllık"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 3 6 74",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčnyj",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "багаторі́чний"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "tilbagevendende"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "toistuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "wiederkehrend"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "ricorrente"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "częsty"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "powracający"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powtarzający się"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povtorjájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "повторя́ющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozvraščájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "возвраща́ющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "periodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 42 42 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "yinelenen"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perennials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perennial (plural perennials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 12 14 21 21 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 10 11 15 13 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 12 14 18 19 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 17 19 13 13 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 12 14 21 21 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 13 15 20 21 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 16 18 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 15 17 16 15 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 13 17 16 16 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 10 16 19 15 16 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 15 17 15 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 16 19 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 16 18 15 14 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 15 15 17 18 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 13 14 15 15 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 17 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 13 15 14 15 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladino translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 15 15 18 18 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 17 16 15 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 6 15 18 17 18 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 15 17 15 15 4 5",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 14 17 13 13 2 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 15 17 15 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 15 18 16 17 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 15 18 16 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 16 19 15 15 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 15 18 16 16 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1917 January, Robert F[iske] Griggs, “The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes”, in National Geographic, volume XXXI, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "One would have supposed from the appearance of the country at the end of the first season after the eruption that practically all plants except the trees and bushes had been destroyed, and that revegetation must be due to new seedlings started on the ash. Such, however, is not the case. Excavation of the root systems of the new plants shows that they are old perennials which have come through the ash from the old soil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-oYAkFHmC",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšno rasténie",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многогоди́шно расте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perennifoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meerjarige plant"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "staŭdo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenna"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen kasvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivace"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetés",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πολυετές"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bylina"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roślina wieloletnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogoletneje rasténije",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многолетнее расте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "trajnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "večletna rastlina"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 14 10 11 15 13 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-sHNJkhzM",
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lasts",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"forever",
"forever#Adverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 8 13 17 16 16 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 13 14 15 15 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 13 15 14 15 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladino translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 14 17 13 13 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 13 15 14 14 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 June 21, Sterling Whitaker, “Hottest Country Tours to See in Summer 2019”, in Taste of Country, archived from the original on 2021-05-31:",
"text": "Some of the stars on our list are perennials who fill huge venues year after year after year, but there's also a returning superstar on our list of the hottest summer tours of 2019.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-x7CQDnbw",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"returns",
"return#Verb"
],
[
"regularly",
"regularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perennialism"
},
{
"word": "perennialist"
},
{
"word": "perenniality"
},
{
"word": "perennialization"
},
{
"word": "perennialize"
},
{
"word": "perennially"
},
{
"word": "perennial philosophy"
},
{
"word": "perenniation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perennial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "perennate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perennating"
},
{
"word": "perennation"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
],
"word": "perennious"
},
{
"word": "perennity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial stream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1644 March 8 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 27 February 1644]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 43:",
"text": "[W]hat is most admirable is the vast enclosure, and variety of ground, in yᵉ large garden, containing vineyards, cornefields, meadows, groves (whereof one is of perennial greens), and walkes of vast lengthes, so accurately kept and cultivated, that nothing can be more agreeable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1713, W[illiam] Derham, “[A Survey of the Terraqueous Globe.] The Distribution of the Earth and Waters.”, in Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation. […], London: […] W[illiam] Innys, […], →OCLC, book II (Of the Terraqueous Globe It Self, in General), footnote 3, pages 49–50:",
"text": "And there is ſuch a thing as Subterraneous Heat, […] [a]s is manifeſt from the ſmoking of perennial Fountains in froſty VVeather, and VVater dravvn out of Pumps and open VVells.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Ponds”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 191:",
"text": "It [the pond] is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Herman Melville, “Canto I. In the Mountain.”, in Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons […], →OCLC, part III (Mar Saba), page 306:",
"text": "That desert's age the gorge may prove, / Piercing profound the mountain bare; / Yet hardly churned out in the groove / By a perennial wear and tear / Of floods; nay, dry it shows within; / But twice a year the waters flow, / Nor then in tide, but dribbling thin: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, “The Tectonic Forces of the Mesozoic”, in In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition, page 34:",
"text": "These offshore Sonoman mountains likely formed an orogenic (mountainous) barrier to moisture inland, resulting in a mountain-shadow onshore desert punctuated by regional annual and large basin perennial streams draining into a forearc saline sea.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time."
],
"links": [
[
"Lasting",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"remaining",
"remain"
],
[
"active",
"active#Adjective"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"all",
"all#Determiner"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multiyear"
},
{
"word": "yearslong"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "perennal"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His artwork has a perennial beauty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1717, Leonard Welsted, “Book XV. [The Deification of Julius Cæsar.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 545:",
"text": "There, on perennial Adamant deſign'd, / The various Fortunes of your Race you'll find: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1750 December 5 (Gregorian calendar), Samuel Johnson, “No. 72. Saturday, November 24. 1750.”, in The Rambler, volume III, Edinburgh: [[…] Sands, Murray, and Cochran]; sold by W. Gordon, C. Wright, J. Yair, […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "Good humour may be defined a habit of being pleaſed, a conſtant and perennial ſoftneſs of manner, eaſineſs of approach, and ſuavity of diſpoſition; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 232:",
"text": "The perennial exiſtence of bodies corporate and their fortunes, are things particularly ſuited to a man who has long views; who meditates deſigns that require time in faſhioning; and which propoſe duration when they are accompliſhed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1839 (indicated as 1840), Thomas Carlyle, “Finest Peasantry in the World”, in Chartism, London: James Fraser, […], →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "Has Ireland been governed in a 'wise and loving' manner? A government and guidance of white European men which has issued in perennial hunger of potatoes to the third man extant,—ought to drop a veil over its fact, and walk out of court under conduct of proper officers; saying no word; expecting now of a surety sentence either to change or die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “A Marriage Contract”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the first (The Cup and the Lip), page 90:",
"text": "She has a large gold eye-glass, has Lady Tippins, to survey the proceedings with. If she had one in each eye, it might keep that other drooping lid up, and look more uniform. But perennial youth is in her artificial flowers, and her list of lovers is full.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, John Boyle O’Reilly, “The Three Queens”, in In Bohemia, Boston, Mass.: The Pilot Publishing Co. […], published 1886, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 77:",
"text": "Her name was Liberty! Earth lay before her, / And throbbed unconscious fealty and truth; / Morning and night men hastened to adore her, / And from her eyes Peace drew perennial youth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"links": [
[
"Continuing",
"continue#Verb"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"intermission",
"intermission"
],
[
"several",
"several#Determiner"
],
[
"undetermined",
"undetermined#Adjective"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"neverending",
"neverending"
],
[
"never",
"never#Adverb"
],
[
"failing",
"fail#Verb"
],
[
"perpetual",
"perpetual#Adjective"
],
[
"unceasing",
"unceasing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "continual"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
},
{
"word": "everlasting"
},
{
"word": "permanent"
},
{
"word": "timeless"
},
{
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial candidate in elections",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Change is a perennial theme in politics.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1881, “Free-lance” [pseudonym; J. T. Denny], “Ludgate Hill only Rises about Four Feet in Every Hundred—Societies—the Bearing Rein only Required on Cripples”, in Horses and Roads: Or How to Keep a Horse Sound on His Legs […], 3rd edition, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 129:",
"text": "Ludgate Hill is not Moirosi’s Mountain, but, after all, is only a gentle ascent of about half an inch in the foot, over a length of about two hundred yards, up which unshod omnibus horses would trot with a full load in any weather. Yet there it must remain, a chief thoroughfare in the heart of London, a perennial cause of complaint, and of fear, disgust, and injury to man and horse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Annie Besant, Life, Death, and Immortality, London: Freethought Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 3:",
"text": "Of all the questions which, throughout the centuries, have escaped from the lips of man, there is none which has been asked with such persistence, none which has possessed interest more perennial, than \"Whence do I come? Whither shall I go?\" Man's origin, man's hereafter, have ever been of intensest interest to man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
],
[
"annual",
"annual#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"(rare) Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "celogodíšen",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "целогоди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "helårlig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "gansjarig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ympärivuotinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pérenne"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pernal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ganzjährig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "állandó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "siemprebive"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perennis"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kruglogodíčnyj",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "круглогоди́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "bütün sene boyunca"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprekǎ́snat",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "непрекъ́снат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "véčen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "voortdurend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ajaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "jatkuva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "dauerhaft"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aiónios",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αιώνιος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diinekís",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "διηνεκής"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eterno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perpetuo"
},
{
"alt": "えいぞくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eizoku suru",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "永続する"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "tautini"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jâvid",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "جاوید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odwieczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postojánnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "постоя́нный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чный"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "sürekli"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "tilbagevendende"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "toistuva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "wiederkehrend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "ricorrente"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "częsty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "powracający"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powtarzający się"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povtorjájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "повторя́ющийся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozvraščájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "возвраща́ющийся"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "periodik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "yinelenen"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šmathadóvy",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "шматгадо́вы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšen",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многогоди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "meerjarig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "mehrjährig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetís",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "πολυετής"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"alt": "たねんせいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanensei no",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生の"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köpjyldyq",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "көпжылдық"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "fleirårig"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čand-sâle",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "چندساله"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wieloletni"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "vivaz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogolétnij",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многоле́тний"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "birkaç senelik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "çok yıllık"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčnyj",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "багаторі́чний"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perennials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perennial (plural perennials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1917 January, Robert F[iske] Griggs, “The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes”, in National Geographic, volume XXXI, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "One would have supposed from the appearance of the country at the end of the first season after the eruption that practically all plants except the trees and bushes had been destroyed, and that revegetation must be due to new seedlings started on the ash. Such, however, is not the case. Excavation of the root systems of the new plants shows that they are old perennials which have come through the ash from the old soil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lasts",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"forever",
"forever#Adverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 June 21, Sterling Whitaker, “Hottest Country Tours to See in Summer 2019”, in Taste of Country, archived from the original on 2021-05-31:",
"text": "Some of the stars on our list are perennials who fill huge venues year after year after year, but there's also a returning superstar on our list of the hottest summer tours of 2019.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"returns",
"return#Verb"
],
[
"regularly",
"regularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšno rasténie",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многогоди́шно расте́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perennifoli"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meerjarige plant"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "staŭdo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen kasvi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivace"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetés",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πολυετές"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bylina"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roślina wieloletnia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogoletneje rasténije",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многолетнее расте́ние"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "trajnica"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "večletna rastlina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perenne"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenn"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perennial meaning in English (41.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.