See perennial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for perennial meaning in English (42.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennialist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perenniality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennialization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennialize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennial philosophy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perenniation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Perennis"
},
"expansion": "Perennis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely"
},
"expansion": "per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annus",
"t": "year; season, time"
},
"expansion": "annus (“year; season, time”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perennial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perennating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
],
"word": "perennious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perennity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 23 23 15 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 21 21 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 25 25 11 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 19 0 0 0 0 24 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "en:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial stream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, “The Tectonic Forces of the Mesozoic”, in In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition, page 34",
"text": "These offshore Sonoman mountains likely formed an orogenic (mountainous) barrier to moisture inland, resulting in a mountain-shadow onshore desert punctuated by regional annual and large basin perennial streams draining into a forearc saline sea.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-fTwOe8mT",
"links": [
[
"Lasting",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"remaining",
"remain"
],
[
"active",
"active#Adjective"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"all",
"all#Determiner"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multiyear"
},
{
"word": "yearslong"
},
{
"english": "archaic or obsolete",
"word": "perennal"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "celogodíšen",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "целогоди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "helårlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "gansjarig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ympärivuotinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pérenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ganzjährig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "állandó"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "siemprebive"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perennis"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kruglogodíčnyj",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "круглогоди́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 4 4 4 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "bütün sene boyunca"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 21 21 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His artwork has a perennial beauty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1882, John Boyle O’Reilly, “The Three Queens”, in In Bohemia, Boston, Mass.: The Pilot Publishing Co. […], published 1886, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 77",
"text": "Her name was Liberty! Earth lay before her, / And throbbed unconscious fealty and truth; / Morning and night men hastened to adore her, / And from her eyes Peace drew perennial youth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-q4khAEqK",
"links": [
[
"Continuing",
"continue#Verb"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"intermission",
"intermission"
],
[
"several",
"several#Determiner"
],
[
"undetermined",
"undetermined#Adjective"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"neverending",
"neverending"
],
[
"never",
"never#Adverb"
],
[
"failing",
"fail#Verb"
],
[
"perpetual",
"perpetual#Adjective"
],
[
"unceasing",
"unceasing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "continual"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
},
{
"word": "everlasting"
},
{
"word": "permanent"
},
{
"word": "timeless"
},
{
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprekǎ́snat",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "непрекъ́снат"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "véčen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "voortdurend"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ajaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "jatkuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "dauerhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aiónios",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αιώνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diinekís",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "διηνεκής"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eterno"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perpetuo"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"alt": "えいぞくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eizoku suru",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "永続する"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "tautini"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jâvid",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "جاوید"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odwieczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postojánnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "постоя́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 61 10 10 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "sürekli"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "11 7 23 23 15 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 21 21 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 25 25 11 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial candidate in elections",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Change is a perennial theme in politics.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1881, “Free-lance” [pseudonym; J. T. Denny], “Ludgate Hill only Rises about Four Feet in Every Hundred—Societies—the Bearing Rein only Required on Cripples”, in Horses and Roads: Or How to Keep a Horse Sound on His Legs […], 3rd edition, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 129",
"text": "Ludgate Hill is not Moirosi’s Mountain, but, after all, is only a gentle ascent of about half an inch in the foot, over a length of about two hundred yards, up which unshod omnibus horses would trot with a full load in any weather. Yet there it must remain, a chief thoroughfare in the heart of London, a perennial cause of complaint, and of fear, disgust, and injury to man and horse.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Annie Besant, Life, Death, and Immortality, London: Freethought Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 3",
"text": "Of all the questions which, throughout the centuries, have escaped from the lips of man, there is none which has been asked with such persistence, none which has possessed interest more perennial, than \"Whence do I come? Whither shall I go?\" Man's origin, man's hereafter, have ever been of intensest interest to man.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-wFJZ9LpJ",
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 23 23 15 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 21 21 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 25 25 11 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-LEoJVxrS",
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
],
[
"annual",
"annual#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"(rare) Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 23 23 15 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 21 21 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 25 25 11 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-adj-Hkrq1l1C",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šmathadóvy",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "шматгадо́вы"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšen",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многогоди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "meerjarig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "mehrjährig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetís",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "πολυετής"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"alt": "たねんせいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanensei no",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生の"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köpjyldyq",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "көпжылдық"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "fleirårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čand-sâle",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "چندساله"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wieloletni"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "vivaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogolétnij",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многоле́тний"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "birkaç senelik"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "çok yıllık"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 3 6 6 73",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčnyj",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "багаторі́чний"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "tilbagevendende"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "toistuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "wiederkehrend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "ricorrente"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "częsty"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "powracający"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powtarzający się"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povtorjájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "повторя́ющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozvraščájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "возвраща́ющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "periodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 46 46 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "yinelenen"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Perennis"
},
"expansion": "Perennis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely"
},
"expansion": "per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annus",
"t": "year; season, time"
},
"expansion": "annus (“year; season, time”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perennials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perennial (plural perennials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 23 23 15 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 22 22 12 12 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 25 25 11 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1917 January, Robert F[iske] Griggs, “The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes”, in National Geographic, volume XXXI, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC",
"text": "One would have supposed from the appearance of the country at the end of the first season after the eruption that practically all plants except the trees and bushes had been destroyed, and that revegetation must be due to new seedlings started on the ash. Such, however, is not the case. Excavation of the root systems of the new plants shows that they are old perennials which have come through the ash from the old soil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-oYAkFHmC",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšno rasténie",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многогоди́шно расте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perennifoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meerjarige plant"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "staŭdo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenna"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen kasvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivace"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetés",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πολυετές"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bylina"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roślina wieloletnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perene"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogoletneje rasténije",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многолетнее расте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "trajnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "večletna rastlina"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenn"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-sHNJkhzM",
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lasts",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"forever",
"forever#Adverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 June 21, Sterling Whitaker, “Hottest Country Tours to See in Summer 2019”, in Taste of Country, archived from the original on 2021-05-31",
"text": "Some of the stars on our list are perennials who fill huge venues year after year after year, but there's also a returning superstar on our list of the hottest summer tours of 2019.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"id": "en-perennial-en-noun-x7CQDnbw",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"returns",
"return#Verb"
],
[
"regularly",
"regularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"en:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perennialism"
},
{
"word": "perennialist"
},
{
"word": "perenniality"
},
{
"word": "perennialization"
},
{
"word": "perennialize"
},
{
"word": "perennially"
},
{
"word": "perennial philosophy"
},
{
"word": "perenniation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Perennis"
},
"expansion": "Perennis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely"
},
"expansion": "per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annus",
"t": "year; season, time"
},
"expansion": "annus (“year; season, time”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perennial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "perennate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perennating"
},
{
"word": "perennation"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
],
"word": "perennious"
},
{
"word": "perennity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial stream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, “The Tectonic Forces of the Mesozoic”, in In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition, page 34",
"text": "These offshore Sonoman mountains likely formed an orogenic (mountainous) barrier to moisture inland, resulting in a mountain-shadow onshore desert punctuated by regional annual and large basin perennial streams draining into a forearc saline sea.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time."
],
"links": [
[
"Lasting",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"remaining",
"remain"
],
[
"active",
"active#Adjective"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"all",
"all#Determiner"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multiyear"
},
{
"word": "yearslong"
},
{
"english": "archaic or obsolete",
"word": "perennal"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His artwork has a perennial beauty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1882, John Boyle O’Reilly, “The Three Queens”, in In Bohemia, Boston, Mass.: The Pilot Publishing Co. […], published 1886, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 77",
"text": "Her name was Liberty! Earth lay before her, / And throbbed unconscious fealty and truth; / Morning and night men hastened to adore her, / And from her eyes Peace drew perennial youth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"links": [
[
"Continuing",
"continue#Verb"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"intermission",
"intermission"
],
[
"several",
"several#Determiner"
],
[
"undetermined",
"undetermined#Adjective"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"neverending",
"neverending"
],
[
"never",
"never#Adverb"
],
[
"failing",
"fail#Verb"
],
[
"perpetual",
"perpetual#Adjective"
],
[
"unceasing",
"unceasing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "continual"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
},
{
"word": "everlasting"
},
{
"word": "permanent"
},
{
"word": "timeless"
},
{
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perennial candidate in elections",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Change is a perennial theme in politics.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1881, “Free-lance” [pseudonym; J. T. Denny], “Ludgate Hill only Rises about Four Feet in Every Hundred—Societies—the Bearing Rein only Required on Cripples”, in Horses and Roads: Or How to Keep a Horse Sound on His Legs […], 3rd edition, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 129",
"text": "Ludgate Hill is not Moirosi’s Mountain, but, after all, is only a gentle ascent of about half an inch in the foot, over a length of about two hundred yards, up which unshod omnibus horses would trot with a full load in any weather. Yet there it must remain, a chief thoroughfare in the heart of London, a perennial cause of complaint, and of fear, disgust, and injury to man and horse.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Annie Besant, Life, Death, and Immortality, London: Freethought Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 3",
"text": "Of all the questions which, throughout the centuries, have escaped from the lips of man, there is none which has been asked with such persistence, none which has possessed interest more perennial, than \"Whence do I come? Whither shall I go?\" Man's origin, man's hereafter, have ever been of intensest interest to man.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"links": [
[
"Appearing",
"appear"
],
[
"recur",
"recur"
],
[
"again and again",
"again and again"
],
[
"recurrent",
"recurrent"
],
[
"annual",
"annual#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.",
"(rare) Appearing again each year; annual."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "repetitious"
},
{
"word": "repetitive"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "celogodíšen",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "целогоди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "helårlig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "gansjarig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ympärivuotinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pérenne"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "pernal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ganzjährig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "állandó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "siemprebive"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perennis"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kruglogodíčnyj",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "круглогоди́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time",
"word": "bütün sene boyunca"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprekǎ́snat",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "непрекъ́снат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "véčen",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "evig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eeuwig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "voortdurend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ajaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "jatkuva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "dauerhaft"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aénaos",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αέναος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aiónios",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αιώνιος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diinekís",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "διηνεκής"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "eterno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perpetuo"
},
{
"alt": "えいぞくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eizoku suru",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "永続する"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "tautini"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jâvid",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "جاوید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odwieczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postojánnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "постоя́нный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnyj",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "ве́чный"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing",
"word": "sürekli"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "tilbagevendende"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "toistuva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "wiederkehrend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "ricorrente"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "częsty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "powracający"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powtarzający się"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povtorjájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "повторя́ющийся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozvraščájuščijsja",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "возвраща́ющийся"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "periodik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent",
"word": "yinelenen"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šmathadóvy",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "шматгадо́вы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšen",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многогоди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "meerjarig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "mehrjährig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetís",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "πολυετής"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjölær"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "ilbhliantúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenne"
},
{
"alt": "たねんせいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanensei no",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生の"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köpjyldyq",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "көпжылдық"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleeantagh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "yl-vleinoil"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "fleirårig"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čand-sâle",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "چندساله"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wieloletni"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perene"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "vivaz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogolétnij",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "многоле́тний"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "flerårig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "birkaç senelik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "çok yıllık"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčnyj",
"sense": "of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "багаторі́чний"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English terms suffixed with -ennial",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"en:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂et-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perennis",
"t": "lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual"
},
"expansion": "Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Perennis"
},
"expansion": "Perennis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely"
},
"expansion": "per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annus",
"t": "year; season, time"
},
"expansion": "annus (“year; season, time”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂et-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "-ennial"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + -ennial",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pérenne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pérenne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pérenne",
"t": "lasting through the whole year, perennial"
},
"expansion": "French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "lasting for a long time"
},
"expansion": "Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "perenne",
"t": "eternal; permanent; a perennial plant"
},
"expansion": "Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))\n* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)\n* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perennials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perennial (plural perennials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧en‧ni‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1917 January, Robert F[iske] Griggs, “The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes”, in National Geographic, volume XXXI, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC",
"text": "One would have supposed from the appearance of the country at the end of the first season after the eruption that practically all plants except the trees and bushes had been destroyed, and that revegetation must be due to new seedlings started on the ash. Such, however, is not the case. Excavation of the root systems of the new plants shows that they are old perennials which have come through the ash from the old soil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"active",
"active#Noun"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"life cycle",
"life cycle"
],
[
"more",
"more#Determiner"
],
[
"two",
"two#Numeral"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lasts",
"last#Verb"
],
[
"forever",
"forever#Adverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A thing that lasts forever."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 June 21, Sterling Whitaker, “Hottest Country Tours to See in Summer 2019”, in Taste of Country, archived from the original on 2021-05-31",
"text": "Some of the stars on our list are perennials who fill huge venues year after year after year, but there's also a returning superstar on our list of the hottest summer tours of 2019.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"returns",
"return#Verb"
],
[
"regularly",
"regularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perennial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg/En-us-perennial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-us-perennial.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mnogogodíšno rasténie",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многогоди́шно расте́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perennifoli"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōniánshēng",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "多年生"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trvalka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meerjarige plant"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "staŭdo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "monivuotinen kasvi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivace"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "polyetés",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πολυετές"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "évelő"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bylina"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roślina wieloletnia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mnogoletneje rasténije",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "многолетнее расте́ние"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "trajnica"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "večletna rastlina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "planta perenne"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons",
"word": "perenn"
}
],
"word": "perennial"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.