See impoverish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "enrich"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "impoverisher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "impoverishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impoverishen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impoverishen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoverir"
},
"expansion": "Old French empoverir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pauper",
"4": "",
"5": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Latin pauper (“poor”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impoverishen, empoverishen, from Old French empoverir, from em- + povre, from Latin pauper (“poor”) (English poor).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impoverishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impoverish (third-person singular simple present impoverishes, present participle impoverishing, simple past and past participle impoverished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "immiserate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make poor."
],
"id": "en-impoverish-en-verb-pWb504nc",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make poor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "ruin"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "poor"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafqar",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "أَفْقَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razorjavam",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "разорявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "appauvrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "arm machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "impovrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "immiserire"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mazushiku suru",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "貧しくする"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gananhage hada",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "가난하게 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "pauperō"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "nabadzināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "whakapōhara"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "utarme"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "zubożyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "sărăci"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "pauperiza"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obednjatʹ",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "обеднять"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "osiromašiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "depauperar"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "yoksullaştırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "fakirleştirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verimsizleştirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "güçsüzleştirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbídnjuvaty",
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "збі́днювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 0 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbidnýty",
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "збідни́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 70 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
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"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "23 64 14",
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 76 6",
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"_dis": "18 75 7",
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{
"_dis": "18 74 7",
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{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
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{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
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{
"_dis": "17 78 6",
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"name": "Terms with Mon translations",
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{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "19 73 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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{
"_dis": "16 70 14",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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{
"_dis": "26 68 6",
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{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
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{
"_dis": "18 74 7",
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{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
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{
"_dis": "14 78 7",
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"_dis": "17 76 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 75 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 80 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poverty",
"orig": "en:Poverty",
"parents": [
"Wealth",
"Economics",
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That exuberant crop quickly impoverishes any fertile soil.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979 December 22, Nancy Walker, “The Reaffirmation of Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 16:",
"text": "To many of us, organized religion is obnoxious. Yet if we throw out the sense of peace, order and joy that flows from religious ritual, we impoverish ourselves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness."
],
"id": "en-impoverish-en-verb-2KYVPCDd",
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 92 3",
"sense": "to weaken or deprive",
"word": "deplete"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "impovrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yakhwasikida",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "약화시키다"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "nabadzināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "dêgraîssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbídnjuvaty",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "збі́днювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbidnýty",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "збідни́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become poor."
],
"id": "en-impoverish-en-verb-3oz3PqoU",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become poor."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obednjavam",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "обеднявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "köyhtyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "s’appauvrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ftochaíno",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "φτωχαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "elszegényedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "povreskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "immiserirsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gananhaejida",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "가난해지다"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "wa̤t",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "ဝါတ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednetʹ",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "беднеть"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "niščatʹ",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "нищать"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "yoksullaşmak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-impoverish.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/En-us-impoverish.oga/En-us-impoverish.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/En-us-impoverish.oga"
}
],
"word": "impoverish"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "enrich"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"en:Poverty"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impoverisher"
},
{
"word": "impoverishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impoverishen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impoverishen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoverir"
},
"expansion": "Old French empoverir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pauper",
"4": "",
"5": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Latin pauper (“poor”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impoverishen, empoverishen, from Old French empoverir, from em- + povre, from Latin pauper (“poor”) (English poor).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impoverishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impoverished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impoverish (third-person singular simple present impoverishes, present participle impoverishing, simple past and past participle impoverished)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "immiserate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make poor."
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make poor."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That exuberant crop quickly impoverishes any fertile soil.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979 December 22, Nancy Walker, “The Reaffirmation of Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 16:",
"text": "To many of us, organized religion is obnoxious. Yet if we throw out the sense of peace, order and joy that flows from religious ritual, we impoverish ourselves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness."
],
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become poor."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become poor."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-impoverish.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/En-us-impoverish.oga/En-us-impoverish.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/En-us-impoverish.oga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "ruin"
},
{
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "poor"
},
{
"sense": "to weaken or deprive",
"word": "deplete"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafqar",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "أَفْقَر"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razorjavam",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "разорявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrir"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "appauvrir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "arm machen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "impovrir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "immiserire"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mazushiku suru",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "貧しくする"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gananhage hada",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "가난하게 하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "pauperō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "nabadzināt"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "whakapōhara"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "utarme"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "zubożyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "sărăci"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "pauperiza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obednjatʹ",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "обеднять"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "osiromašiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "depauperar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "yoksullaştırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "fakirleştirmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "verimsizleştirmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make poor",
"word": "güçsüzleştirmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbídnjuvaty",
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "збі́днювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbidnýty",
"sense": "to make poor",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "збідни́ти"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "impovrir"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yakhwasikida",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "약화시키다"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"word": "nabadzināt"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "dêgraîssi"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbídnjuvaty",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "збі́днювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zbidnýty",
"sense": "to deprive of some strength or richness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "збідни́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obednjavam",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "обеднявам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "köyhtyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "s’appauvrir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "verarmen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ftochaíno",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "φτωχαίνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "elszegényedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "povreskar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "immiserirsi"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gananhaejida",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "가난해지다"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "wa̤t",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "ဝါတ်"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "empobrecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednetʹ",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "беднеть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "niščatʹ",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "нищать"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become poor",
"word": "yoksullaşmak"
}
],
"word": "impoverish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for impoverish meaning in English (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.