See fern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fearn"
},
"expansion": "Old English fearn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*farn"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pornóm",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing; fern, leaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing; fern, leaf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fairn",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Scots fairn (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fear",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fear (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "varen",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch varen (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Farn"
},
"expansion": "German Farn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Far",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Far (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spar̃nas",
"3": "",
"4": "wing"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "pār",
"3": "",
"4": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun pār (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "por"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri por",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "parëg",
"3": "",
"4": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni parëg (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्ण",
"3": "",
"4": "wing",
"tr": "parṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn, from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing; fern, leaf”), from *p(t)erH- (“fern”).\nCognate with Scots fairn (“fern”), West Frisian fear (“fern”), Dutch varen (“fern”), German Farn, Farm (“fern”), Luxembourgish Far (“fern”), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna), Ashkun pār (“leaf”), Kamkata-viri por, přor, Prasuni parëg (“leaf”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fern (plural ferns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Ferns",
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],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Ophioglossum spp.",
"word": "adder's fern"
},
{
"english": "hydrozoan skeletons",
"translation": "hydrozoan skeletons",
"word": "air fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium palmatum",
"word": "Alice's fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pilea microphylla",
"word": "artillery fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asparagus spp.",
"word": "asparagus fern}"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris erythrosora",
"word": "autumn fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia spp.",
"word": "ball fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Coniogramme spp.",
"word": "bamboo fern"
},
{
"word": "Barnsley fern"
},
{
"alt": "Aglaiomorpha spp.",
"word": "basket fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Aglaomorpha spp.",
"word": "basket fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Onoclea sensibilis",
"word": "bead fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Phegopteris spp.",
"word": "beech fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium spp.",
"word": "bird's-nest fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris spp.",
"word": "bladder fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Nephrolepis exaltata cultivar",
"word": "Boston fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "buckler fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris bulbifera",
"word": "bulblet fern"
},
{
"english": "also Tmesipteris spp.",
"taxonomic": "Woodwardia spp.",
"translation": "also Tmesipteris spp.",
"word": "chain fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Polystichum acrostichoides",
"word": "Christmas fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Osmundastrum cinnamomeum",
"word": "cinnamon fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium spp.",
"word": "climbing fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Notholaena spp.",
"word": "cloak fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gleichenia spp.",
"word": "coral fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Struthiopteris spicant",
"word": "deer fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "duckweed fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "elephant fern"
},
{
"word": "fern ally"
},
{
"word": "fernane"
},
{
"word": "fern bar"
},
{
"word": "Fern Bay"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Megalurus punctatus",
"word": "fernbird"
},
{
"word": "fernbrake"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Chamaebatiaria millefolium",
"word": "fern bush"
},
{
"word": "fern cake"
},
{
"word": "Ferndale"
},
{
"word": "ferndom"
},
{
"word": "ferned"
},
{
"word": "fernene"
},
{
"word": "fernery"
},
{
"word": "Fern Hill"
},
{
"word": "fern house"
},
{
"word": "ferning"
},
{
"word": "fernland"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Filicium decipiens",
"word": "fern-leaf tree"
},
{
"word": "fernless"
},
{
"word": "fernlike"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Caprimulgus europaeus",
"word": "fernowl"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Afrocarpus gracilior",
"word": "fern pine"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridium esculentum",
"word": "fernroot"
},
{
"word": "fernseed"
},
{
"word": "fern seed"
},
{
"word": "fernshaw"
},
{
"word": "Fernside"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Filicium decipiens",
"word": "fern tree"
},
{
"word": "ferny"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hymenophylloideae spp.",
"word": "filmy fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris spp.",
"word": "fragile fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "giant fern"
},
{
"alt": "Sceptridium spp.",
"word": "grape fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum occidentale",
"word": "hammock fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Paesia scaberula",
"word": "hardfern)"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum spp.",
"word": "hard fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia canariensis",
"word": "hare's-foot fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium palmatum",
"word": "Hartford fern"
},
{
"alt": "Dennstaetia spp.",
"word": "hay-scented fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptisana salicina",
"word": "horseshoe fern"
},
{
"word": "ice fern"
},
{
"alt": "Claytosmunda claytoniana",
"word": "interrupted fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "king fern"
},
{
"word": "lady fern"
},
{
"word": "leatherleaf fern"
},
{
"english": "Cheilanthes, Myriopteris, etc. spp.",
"translation": "Cheilanthes, Myriopteris, etc. spp.",
"word": "lip fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Adiantum spp.",
"word": "maidenhair fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "male fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dicksonia antarctica",
"word": "man fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "mosquito fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "mule's foot fern"
},
{
"word": "nanofern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Parathelypteris noveboracensis",
"word": "New York fern"
},
{
"word": "nonfern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gymnocarpium spp.",
"word": "oak fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "oriental vessel fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Matteuccia struthiopteris",
"word": "ostrich fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cryptogramma crispa",
"word": "parsley fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia spp.",
"word": "rabbit's-foot fern"
},
{
"alt": "Botrypus virginianus",
"word": "rattlesnake fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteris cretica",
"word": "ribbon fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Osmunda spectabilis",
"word": "royal fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridospermatophyta spp.",
"word": "seed fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Onoclea sensibilis",
"word": "sensitive fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Aspidotis densa",
"word": "serpentine fern"
},
{
"word": "shield fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cyathea dealbata",
"word": "silver fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Platycerium spp.",
"word": "staghorn fern"
},
{
"word": "sweet fern"
},
{
"english": "genus Comptonia spp.",
"translation": "genus Comptonia spp.",
"word": "sweetfern"
},
{
"word": "sword fern (Nephrolepis spp. etc."
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridium esculentum",
"word": "Tara fern"
},
{
"word": "tree fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Diplazium spp.",
"word": "twinsorus fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sticherus spp.",
"word": "umbrella fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Diplazium esculentum",
"word": "vegetable fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Adiantum capillus-veneris",
"word": "Venus hair fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris lygodiifolia",
"word": "vessel fern"
},
{
"alt": "A. sibiridum",
"taxonomic": "Asplenium rhizophyllum",
"word": "walking fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum colensoi",
"word": "waterfall fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "water fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Psilotaceae spp.",
"word": "whisk fern"
},
{
"word": "woodfern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "wood fern"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
215,
220
]
],
"ref": "1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume I, London: Macmillan and Co., page 103:",
"text": "Beyond here the tides are not felt, and we now entered upon a district of elevated forest, with a finer vegetation. Large trees stretch out their arms across the stream, and the steep, earthy banks are clothed with ferns and zingiberaceous plants.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations."
],
"id": "en-fern-en-noun-TDYqtzv7",
"links": [
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"vascular",
"vascular"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"Pteridophyta",
"Pteridophyta#Translingual"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"reproduce",
"reproduce"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"spore",
"spore"
],
[
"initiate",
"initiate"
],
[
"alternation",
"alternation"
],
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bracken"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Pteridophyta",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Filicophyta"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"lang_code": "ab",
"roman": "atə́ras",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "аҭы́рас"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fier"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sarḵas",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "سَرْخَس"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pter",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "պտեր"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fearicã"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "dhekia",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ঢেকীয়া"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "qıjı"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ayıdöşəyi"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "páparacʹ",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́параць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "páparatnik",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́паратнік"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "pharno",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ফার্ন"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "raden"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "paprat",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "папрат"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "da.rangkaukpang",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ဒရင်ကောက်ပင် du"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Valencian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaguera"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pakó"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"roman": "čuraš",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "чураш"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "juélèi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蕨類 /蕨类"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "kudju"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "reden"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kapradina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kapraď"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "varen"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "kaŕolgo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "карёлго"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filiko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sõnajalg"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trøllakampur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trøllakambur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "saniainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fougère"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felet"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fieito"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felgo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folgueira"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dentabrún"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botrico"
},
{
"code": "roa-gal",
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faeugieur'"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gvimra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Farn"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Farnkraut"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ftéri",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φτέρη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ptéris",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πτέρις"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "sharakh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "שָׂרָךְ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pharn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "फर्न"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "páfrány"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burkni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sananjalka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sannikkain"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filice"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raithneach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "felce"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"lang_code": "ivv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "tamidok"
},
{
"alt": "しだ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shida",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "歯朶"
},
{
"alt": "しだ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shida",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "羊歯"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qyryqqūlaq",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "қырыққұлақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "pannangkĕəʼciət",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "បណ្ណង្គជាតិ"
},
{
"alt": "羊齒類",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "yangchiryu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "양치류"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serxes"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teraş"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "papardis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "filix"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paparde"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "papartis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "paprat",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "папрат"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "pannal",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "പന്നൽ"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"lang_code": "msk",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pako"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhennagh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "huruwhenua"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gvimora",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმორა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gvimara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმარა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "guimara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუიმარა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gumara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუმარა"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "ojm",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ойм"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "oyimu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felece"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguièra"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguièira"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fearn"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "saraxs",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "سرخس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paproć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "samambaia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "feto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferigă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "páporotnik",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́поротник"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fíbixi"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fíliche"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fírigu"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fairn"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raineach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "па̏пра̄т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȁprāt"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fìlici"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "papraď"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "práprot"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paproś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "helecho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "shapumba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "yogo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Dominican-Republic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "calimete"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "ipx",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "იფხ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gvimbra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმბრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimbra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმბრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûrimb",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂რიმბ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimor",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმორ"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mkangaga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ormbunke"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bräken"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pako"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "fəən",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "เฟิร์น"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "eğrelti otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "páporotʹ",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́пороть"
},
{
"code": "unm",
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ahshikëmënshi"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "qirqquloq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "féłese"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "dương xỉ"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filig"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhedynen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɝn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-fern.ogg/En-us-fern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-fern.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɜːn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fɘːn]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɛːrn/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɛrn/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"word": "fern"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Ophioglossum spp.",
"word": "adder's fern"
},
{
"english": "hydrozoan skeletons",
"translation": "hydrozoan skeletons",
"word": "air fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium palmatum",
"word": "Alice's fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pilea microphylla",
"word": "artillery fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asparagus spp.",
"word": "asparagus fern}"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris erythrosora",
"word": "autumn fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia spp.",
"word": "ball fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Coniogramme spp.",
"word": "bamboo fern"
},
{
"word": "Barnsley fern"
},
{
"alt": "Aglaiomorpha spp.",
"word": "basket fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Aglaomorpha spp.",
"word": "basket fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Onoclea sensibilis",
"word": "bead fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Phegopteris spp.",
"word": "beech fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium spp.",
"word": "bird's-nest fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris spp.",
"word": "bladder fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Nephrolepis exaltata cultivar",
"word": "Boston fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "buckler fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris bulbifera",
"word": "bulblet fern"
},
{
"english": "also Tmesipteris spp.",
"taxonomic": "Woodwardia spp.",
"translation": "also Tmesipteris spp.",
"word": "chain fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Polystichum acrostichoides",
"word": "Christmas fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Osmundastrum cinnamomeum",
"word": "cinnamon fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium spp.",
"word": "climbing fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Notholaena spp.",
"word": "cloak fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gleichenia spp.",
"word": "coral fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Struthiopteris spicant",
"word": "deer fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "duckweed fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "elephant fern"
},
{
"word": "fern ally"
},
{
"word": "fernane"
},
{
"word": "fern bar"
},
{
"word": "Fern Bay"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Megalurus punctatus",
"word": "fernbird"
},
{
"word": "fernbrake"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Chamaebatiaria millefolium",
"word": "fern bush"
},
{
"word": "fern cake"
},
{
"word": "Ferndale"
},
{
"word": "ferndom"
},
{
"word": "ferned"
},
{
"word": "fernene"
},
{
"word": "fernery"
},
{
"word": "Fern Hill"
},
{
"word": "fern house"
},
{
"word": "ferning"
},
{
"word": "fernland"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Filicium decipiens",
"word": "fern-leaf tree"
},
{
"word": "fernless"
},
{
"word": "fernlike"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Caprimulgus europaeus",
"word": "fernowl"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Afrocarpus gracilior",
"word": "fern pine"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridium esculentum",
"word": "fernroot"
},
{
"word": "fernseed"
},
{
"word": "fern seed"
},
{
"word": "fernshaw"
},
{
"word": "Fernside"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Filicium decipiens",
"word": "fern tree"
},
{
"word": "ferny"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hymenophylloideae spp.",
"word": "filmy fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cystopteris spp.",
"word": "fragile fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "giant fern"
},
{
"alt": "Sceptridium spp.",
"word": "grape fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum occidentale",
"word": "hammock fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Paesia scaberula",
"word": "hardfern)"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum spp.",
"word": "hard fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia canariensis",
"word": "hare's-foot fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Lygodium palmatum",
"word": "Hartford fern"
},
{
"alt": "Dennstaetia spp.",
"word": "hay-scented fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptisana salicina",
"word": "horseshoe fern"
},
{
"word": "ice fern"
},
{
"alt": "Claytosmunda claytoniana",
"word": "interrupted fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "king fern"
},
{
"word": "lady fern"
},
{
"word": "leatherleaf fern"
},
{
"english": "Cheilanthes, Myriopteris, etc. spp.",
"translation": "Cheilanthes, Myriopteris, etc. spp.",
"word": "lip fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Adiantum spp.",
"word": "maidenhair fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "male fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dicksonia antarctica",
"word": "man fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "mosquito fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "mule's foot fern"
},
{
"word": "nanofern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Parathelypteris noveboracensis",
"word": "New York fern"
},
{
"word": "nonfern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gymnocarpium spp.",
"word": "oak fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris evecta",
"word": "oriental vessel fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Matteuccia struthiopteris",
"word": "ostrich fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cryptogramma crispa",
"word": "parsley fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Davallia spp.",
"word": "rabbit's-foot fern"
},
{
"alt": "Botrypus virginianus",
"word": "rattlesnake fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteris cretica",
"word": "ribbon fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Osmunda spectabilis",
"word": "royal fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridospermatophyta spp.",
"word": "seed fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Onoclea sensibilis",
"word": "sensitive fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Aspidotis densa",
"word": "serpentine fern"
},
{
"word": "shield fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cyathea dealbata",
"word": "silver fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Platycerium spp.",
"word": "staghorn fern"
},
{
"word": "sweet fern"
},
{
"english": "genus Comptonia spp.",
"translation": "genus Comptonia spp.",
"word": "sweetfern"
},
{
"word": "sword fern (Nephrolepis spp. etc."
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pteridium esculentum",
"word": "Tara fern"
},
{
"word": "tree fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Diplazium spp.",
"word": "twinsorus fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sticherus spp.",
"word": "umbrella fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Diplazium esculentum",
"word": "vegetable fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Adiantum capillus-veneris",
"word": "Venus hair fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Angiopteris lygodiifolia",
"word": "vessel fern"
},
{
"alt": "A. sibiridum",
"taxonomic": "Asplenium rhizophyllum",
"word": "walking fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blechnum colensoi",
"word": "waterfall fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Azolla spp.",
"word": "water fern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Psilotaceae spp.",
"word": "whisk fern"
},
{
"word": "woodfern"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Dryopteris spp.",
"word": "wood fern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fearn"
},
"expansion": "Old English fearn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*farn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *farn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pornóm",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing; fern, leaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing; fern, leaf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fairn",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Scots fairn (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fear",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fear (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "varen",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch varen (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Farn"
},
"expansion": "German Farn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Far",
"3": "",
"4": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Far (“fern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spar̃nas",
"3": "",
"4": "wing"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "pār",
"3": "",
"4": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun pār (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "por"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri por",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "parëg",
"3": "",
"4": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni parëg (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्ण",
"3": "",
"4": "wing",
"tr": "parṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn, from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing; fern, leaf”), from *p(t)erH- (“fern”).\nCognate with Scots fairn (“fern”), West Frisian fear (“fern”), Dutch varen (“fern”), German Farn, Farm (“fern”), Luxembourgish Far (“fern”), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna), Ashkun pār (“leaf”), Kamkata-viri por, přor, Prasuni parëg (“leaf”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fern (plural ferns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bracken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (subfamily)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Prasuni terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallo translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mansaka translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Unami translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Ferns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
215,
220
]
],
"ref": "1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume I, London: Macmillan and Co., page 103:",
"text": "Beyond here the tides are not felt, and we now entered upon a district of elevated forest, with a finer vegetation. Large trees stretch out their arms across the stream, and the steep, earthy banks are clothed with ferns and zingiberaceous plants.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations."
],
"links": [
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"vascular",
"vascular"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"Pteridophyta",
"Pteridophyta#Translingual"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"reproduce",
"reproduce"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"spore",
"spore"
],
[
"initiate",
"initiate"
],
[
"alternation",
"alternation"
],
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɝn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-fern.ogg/En-us-fern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-fern.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɜːn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fɘːn]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɛːrn/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɛrn/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Pteridophyta",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Filicophyta"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"lang_code": "ab",
"roman": "atə́ras",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "аҭы́рас"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fier"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sarḵas",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "سَرْخَس"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pter",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "պտեր"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fearicã"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "dhekia",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ঢেকীয়া"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "qıjı"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ayıdöşəyi"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "páparacʹ",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́параць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "páparatnik",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́паратнік"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "pharno",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ফার্ন"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "raden"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "paprat",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "папрат"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "da.rangkaukpang",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ဒရင်ကောက်ပင် du"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Valencian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaguera"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pakó"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"roman": "čuraš",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "чураш"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "juélèi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "蕨類 /蕨类"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "kudju"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "reden"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kapradina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kapraď"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "varen"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "kaŕolgo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "карёлго"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filiko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sõnajalg"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trøllakampur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trøllakambur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "saniainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fougère"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felet"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fieito"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felgo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folgueira"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dentabrún"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botrico"
},
{
"code": "roa-gal",
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faeugieur'"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gvimra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Farn"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Farnkraut"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ftéri",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φτέρη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ptéris",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πτέρις"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "sharakh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "שָׂרָךְ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pharn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "फर्न"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "páfrány"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burkni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sananjalka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "sannikkain"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filice"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raithneach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "felce"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"lang_code": "ivv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "tamidok"
},
{
"alt": "しだ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shida",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "歯朶"
},
{
"alt": "しだ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shida",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "羊歯"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qyryqqūlaq",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "қырыққұлақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "pannangkĕəʼciət",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "បណ្ណង្គជាតិ"
},
{
"alt": "羊齒類",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "yangchiryu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "양치류"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serxes"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teraş"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "papardis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "filix"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paparde"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "papartis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "paprat",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "папрат"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "paku"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "pannal",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "പന്നൽ"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"lang_code": "msk",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pako"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhennagh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "huruwhenua"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gvimora",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმორა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gvimara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმარა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "guimara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუიმარა"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "gumara",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუმარა"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "ojm",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ойм"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "oyimu",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "felece"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bregne"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguièra"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falguièira"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fearn"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "saraxs",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "سرخس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paproć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "samambaia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "feto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferigă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "páporotnik",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́поротник"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fíbixi"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fíliche"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fírigu"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "fairn"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raineach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "па̏пра̄т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȁprāt"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fìlici"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "papraď"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "práprot"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paproś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "helecho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "shapumba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "yogo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"Dominican-Republic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "calimete"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "ipx",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "იფხ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gvimbra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გვიმბრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimbra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმბრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimra",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმრა"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûrimb",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂რიმბ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"lang_code": "sva",
"roman": "gûimor",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "გუ̂იმორ"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mkangaga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ormbunke"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bräken"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "pako"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "fəən",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "เฟิร์น"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "eğrelti otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "páporotʹ",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́пороть"
},
{
"code": "unm",
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "ahshikëmënshi"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "qirqquloq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "féłese"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "dương xỉ"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "filig"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhedynen"
}
],
"word": "fern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fern meaning in English (28.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Burmese: 'ဒရင်ကောက်ပင် du', originally 'ဒရင်ကောက်ပင် du'",
"path": [
"fern"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fern",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 581454243<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:50:02 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 576348497<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:50:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 600546479<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:51:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 594260021<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:52:48 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 602119259<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:53:43 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"fern",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "fern",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 603625772<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:54:39 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (d146717 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.