See chi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chi meaning in English (20.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "chī"
},
"expansion": "Latin chī",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χεῖ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin chī, from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chi (plural chis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 16 25 5 6 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 14 3 10 17 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Greek letter names",
"orig": "en:Greek letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chi-by-eye"
},
{
"word": "chi-rho"
},
{
"word": "chi-square distribution"
},
{
"word": "chi-square test"
},
{
"word": "chi distribution"
},
{
"word": "chi-square"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-rwtr1WTJ",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"Classical",
"Classical Greek"
],
[
"Modern",
"Modern Greek"
],
[
"Greek alphabet",
"Greek alphabet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "khi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خِي"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "西"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐ",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "喜"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "凱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kǎi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "凯"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ĥio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khii"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chi"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kheî",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χεῖ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "キー"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kai",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "カイ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ヒ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "키"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "خی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hi"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ji"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kai",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ไค"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chi.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-us-chi.ogg/En-us-chi.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/En-us-chi.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chi.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (letter)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "氣"
},
"expansion": "氣／气 (qì)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn-wadegiles",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Wade–Giles",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "氣",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "氣 (MC khj+jH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "氣",
"2": "breath, vapor",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "氣 (OC *kʰɯds, “breath, vapor”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "気",
"2": "き"
},
"expansion": "気(き) (ki)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "기(氣)"
},
"expansion": "Korean 기(氣) (gi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khí"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese khí",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "氣"
},
"expansion": "氣",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Mandarin 氣／气 (qì) from the Wade–Giles romanization: chʻi⁴, from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds, “breath, vapor”). Compare modern Japanese 気(き) (ki), Korean 기(氣) (gi) and Vietnamese khí (氣).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "chi (usually uncountable, plural chis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 25 5 6 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Energy",
"orig": "en:Energy",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 66 9 3 4 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pseudoscience",
"orig": "en:Pseudoscience",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1987, “ch'i”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, volume 3, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 186, column 3",
"text": "Early Taoist philosophers and alchemists regarded ch'i as a vital force inhering in the breath and bodily fluids and developed techniques to alter and control the movement of ch'i within the body; their aim was to achieve physical longevity and spiritual power.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, Viking Press, page 196",
"text": "He took several deep breaths, finding his chi as Butler had taught him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 April 2, David Tanis, “Hurry Up, Spring”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-02, Dining & Wine",
"text": "At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.\nThose harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 8, Leslie Hsu Oh, “I tried the Chinese practice of ‘sitting the month’ after childbirth”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-08, Health & Science",
"text": "According to traditional Chinese medicine, blood carries chi, your “life force,” which fuels all the functions of the body. When you lose blood, you lose chi, and this causes your body to go into a state of yin (cold). When yin (cold) and yang (hot) are out of balance, your body will suffer physical disorders.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-en:life_force",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"life force",
"life force"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
],
[
"medicine",
"traditional Chinese medicine"
],
[
"etc",
"etc"
],
[
"related",
"related"
],
[
"limited",
"limited"
],
[
"breath",
"breath"
],
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chi kung"
},
{
"word": "qigong"
},
{
"word": "prana"
},
{
"word": "life force"
},
{
"word": "ether"
},
{
"word": "huna"
},
{
"word": "orgone"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:life force"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ch'i"
},
{
"word": "ki"
},
{
"word": "qi"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tšī",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تْشِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kī",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كِي"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hei³",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"roman": "ké",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qì",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣i"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气i"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ĉjio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Qi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ch'i"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ki"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "צ׳י"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "csi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"alt": "き",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "気"
},
{
"alt": "氣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "기"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "چی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ci",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ци"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ки"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "či"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"alt": "氣",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "khí"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃiː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chi2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (force)",
"chi (letter)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chek"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chek",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shaku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "the equivalent Japanese unit"
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{
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{
"_dis": "25 16 25 5 6 11 13",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"The Chinese foot, a traditional Chinese unit of length based on the human forearm."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-k9EkBO76",
"links": [
[
"Chinese foot",
"Chinese foot"
],
[
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"traditional"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
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{
"_dis1": "47 6 18 29",
"sense": "mainland",
"tags": [
"traditional"
],
"word": "Chinese foot"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Chinese unit of length standardized in 1984 as ¹/₃ of a meter."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-uKHXKCTs",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
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[
"length",
"length"
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[
"standardize",
"standardize"
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[
"meter",
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"(Mainland China) The Chinese unit of length standardized in 1984 as ¹/₃ of a meter."
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Taiwanese unit of length standardized as ¹⁰/₃₃ of a meter, identical to the Japanese shaku."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-9gpmZ1vt",
"links": [
[
"Taiwanese",
"Taiwanese"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
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[
"length",
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[
"standardize",
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[
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[
"identical",
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],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"shaku",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwan) The Taiwanese unit of length standardized as ¹⁰/₃₃ of a meter, identical to the Japanese shaku."
],
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 16 25 5 6 11 13",
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"The chek or Hong Kong foot, a unit of length standardized as 0.371475 meters."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-ZpOSRACU",
"links": [
[
"chek",
"chek"
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[
"Hong Kong foot",
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[
"unit",
"unit"
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[
"length",
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[
"standardize",
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[
"meter",
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"(Hong Kong) The chek or Hong Kong foot, a unit of length standardized as 0.371475 meters."
],
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chi3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "Taiwanese foot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
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"word": "Hong Kong foot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
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"word": "chek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chih"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ch'ih"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (letter)",
"chi (unit)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chi (plural chis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chihuahua"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 16 25 5 6 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chihuahua."
],
"id": "en-chi-en-noun-k4i3ryZs",
"links": [
[
"chihuahua",
"chihuahua#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chi chi"
},
{
"word": "chi-chi"
},
{
"word": "chi chi man"
},
{
"word": "chi-ike"
},
{
"word": "tai chi"
},
{
"word": "tai-chi"
},
{
"word": "tai chi chuan"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
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}
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"word": "chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable",
"en:Energy",
"en:Greek letter names",
"en:Pseudoscience",
"zom:Botany",
"zom:Minerals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chi-by-eye"
},
{
"word": "chi-rho"
},
{
"word": "chi-square distribution"
},
{
"word": "chi-square test"
},
{
"word": "chi distribution"
},
{
"word": "chi-square"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Latin chī",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χεῖ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin chī, from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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{
"glosses": [
"The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets."
],
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"letter",
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[
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[
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{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
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"word": "khi"
}
],
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{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خِي"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "西"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐ",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "喜"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "凱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kǎi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "凯"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ĥio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khii"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chi"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kheî",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χεῖ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kī",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "キー"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kai",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "カイ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ヒ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "키"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "khi"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "خی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xi",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hi"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chí"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ji"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kai",
"sense": "Greek letter",
"word": "ไค"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms borrowed from Wade–Giles",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"English terms derived from Old Chinese",
"English terms derived from Wade–Giles",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"en:Greek letter names",
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{
"args": {
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
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{
"args": {
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},
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Korean 기(氣) (gi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "氣"
},
"expansion": "氣",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Mandarin 氣／气 (qì) from the Wade–Giles romanization: chʻi⁴, from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds, “breath, vapor”). Compare modern Japanese 気(き) (ki), Korean 기(氣) (gi) and Vietnamese khí (氣).",
"forms": [
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"form": "chis",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"word": "chi kung"
},
{
"word": "qigong"
},
{
"word": "prana"
},
{
"word": "life force"
},
{
"word": "ether"
},
{
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},
{
"word": "orgone"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1987, “ch'i”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, volume 3, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 186, column 3",
"text": "Early Taoist philosophers and alchemists regarded ch'i as a vital force inhering in the breath and bodily fluids and developed techniques to alter and control the movement of ch'i within the body; their aim was to achieve physical longevity and spiritual power.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, Viking Press, page 196",
"text": "He took several deep breaths, finding his chi as Butler had taught him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 April 2, David Tanis, “Hurry Up, Spring”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-02, Dining & Wine",
"text": "At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.\nThose harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 8, Leslie Hsu Oh, “I tried the Chinese practice of ‘sitting the month’ after childbirth”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-08, Health & Science",
"text": "According to traditional Chinese medicine, blood carries chi, your “life force,” which fuels all the functions of the body. When you lose blood, you lose chi, and this causes your body to go into a state of yin (cold). When yin (cold) and yang (hot) are out of balance, your body will suffer physical disorders.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation."
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
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[
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"traditional"
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[
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],
[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"limited"
],
[
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"breath"
],
[
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"circulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation."
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
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"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ch'i"
},
{
"word": "ki"
},
{
"word": "qi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tšī",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تْشِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kī",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كِي"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hei³",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"roman": "ké",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "hi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qì",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "氣i"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "气i"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ĉjio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Qi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ch'i"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ki"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "צ׳י"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "csi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"alt": "き",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "気"
},
{
"alt": "氣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gi",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "기"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "چی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ci",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ци"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "či",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ки"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "чи"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "či"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "qi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"alt": "氣",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the fundamental life-force or energy",
"word": "khí"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (force)",
"chi (letter)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Energy",
"en:Greek letter names",
"en:Pseudoscience",
"zom:Botany",
"zom:Minerals"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "尺",
"tr": "chǐ"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 尺 (chǐ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chek"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chek",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 尺 (chǐ). Doublet of chek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "chi (usually uncountable, plural chis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "shaku"
},
{
"word": "the equivalent Japanese unit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The Chinese foot, a traditional Chinese unit of length based on the human forearm."
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese foot",
"Chinese foot"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"forearm",
"forearm"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Chinese unit of length standardized in 1984 as ¹/₃ of a meter."
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"meter",
"meter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mainland China) The Chinese unit of length standardized in 1984 as ¹/₃ of a meter."
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Taiwanese unit of length standardized as ¹⁰/₃₃ of a meter, identical to the Japanese shaku."
],
"links": [
[
"Taiwanese",
"Taiwanese"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"meter",
"meter"
],
[
"identical",
"identical"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"shaku",
"shaku"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwan) The Taiwanese unit of length standardized as ¹⁰/₃₃ of a meter, identical to the Japanese shaku."
],
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The chek or Hong Kong foot, a unit of length standardized as 0.371475 meters."
],
"links": [
[
"chek",
"chek"
],
[
"Hong Kong foot",
"Hong Kong foot"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"meter",
"meter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hong Kong) The chek or Hong Kong foot, a unit of length standardized as 0.371475 meters."
],
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chi3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chi3.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "mainland",
"tags": [
"traditional"
],
"word": "Chinese foot"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "Taiwanese foot"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "Hong Kong foot"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "chek"
},
{
"word": "chih"
},
{
"word": "ch'ih"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (letter)",
"chi (unit)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"en:Energy",
"en:Greek letter names",
"en:Pseudoscience",
"zom:Botany",
"zom:Minerals"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "chis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chi (plural chis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chi chi"
},
{
"word": "chi-chi"
},
{
"word": "chi chi man"
},
{
"word": "chi-ike"
},
{
"word": "tai chi"
},
{
"word": "tai-chi"
},
{
"word": "tai chi chuan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chihuahua"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chihuahua."
],
"links": [
[
"chihuahua",
"chihuahua#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chi (letter)"
],
"word": "chi"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": khì, khùi vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"chi"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chi",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.