See bluff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "at first bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blind man's bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff catcher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff charge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "call someone's bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "counterbluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "double bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "post oak bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quadruple bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semi-bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "triple bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rebluff"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bluff",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bluff (countable and uncountable, plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 11 15 4 9 19 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is only bluff, or That is only a bluff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one’s position in order to intimidate or deceive; braggadocio."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-fwiP1sc6",
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"braggadocio",
"braggadocio"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable or uncountable) An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one’s position in order to intimidate or deceive; braggadocio."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "բլեֆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfirane",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блъфиране"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūzhāngshēngshì",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "虚张声势"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "hämäys"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andrómena"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alburgada"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "algaruxada"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "padumada"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grila"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grola"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bluf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "بلوف"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blefiranje"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pretvarjanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluf"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blof"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "es",
"english": "America",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finta"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "wikang palagwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "palipad-hangin"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "lastog"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "kalastugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 3 0 6 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poker",
"orig": "en:Poker",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Gambling",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John’s bet was a bluff: he bet without even so much as a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-IknflaAS",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker, countable or uncountable) An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 79 8 6 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blöf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 18 5 9 20 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 11 15 4 9 19 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Hoyle's Games:",
"text": "BLUFF OR POKER [title of a chapter]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The card game poker."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-ZcyqQsw4",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dated, uncountable) The card game poker."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 18 5 9 20 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 11 15 4 9 19 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-pIhiuicz",
"links": [
[
"bluffer",
"bluffer#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Pretense, excuse."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-lsi3N9Nf",
"links": [
[
"Pretense",
"pretense"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, dated, countable or uncountable) Pretense, excuse."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rebluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "double-bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "outbluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unbluffed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poker",
"orig": "en:Poker",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Gambling",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John bluffed by betting without even a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a bluff; to give the impression that one’s hand is stronger than it is."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-oSsGl4TU",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one’s hand is stronger than it is."
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfíram",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блъфи́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blafovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "hämätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "fachendear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "borrear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "prantar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"topics": [
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "markieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöfföl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bleffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "alda",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "алда"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefuoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "blefira",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефира"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lâfidan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "لافیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tup zadan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "توپ زدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blefovátʹ",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "se pretvarjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "presumir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "alardear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "Andes",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "America",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blofear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöf yapmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blefuváty",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 18 5 9 20 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 5 11 5 6 7 8 3 3 3 6 12 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 11 15 4 9 19 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 14 11 5 9 21 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 6 10 6 6 7 9 3 3 2 6 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 8 16 5 10 23 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 10 16 5 10 20 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 14 5 9 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 13 11 6 10 20 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 10 14 6 10 21 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 5 12 6 6 7 9 3 3 2 4 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 3 14 6 15 28 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 14 5 9 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 13 14 4 9 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 14 5 9 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The government claims it will call an election if this bill does not pass. Is it truly ready to do so, or is it bluffing?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten, deter, or deceive with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate or gain some advantage."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-1qjOz5nM",
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"temerity",
"temerity#English"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate#English"
],
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) To frighten, deter, or deceive with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate or gain some advantage."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "billéf",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "בִּלֵּף"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluffować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabluffować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "iludir"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "ludibriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "fintar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 85 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "fintear"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bluffed our way past the guards.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take advantage by bluffing."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-E1XsGlOc"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manglish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singlish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 18 5 9 20 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 11 15 4 9 19 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 12 17 5 9 21 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-B3Z1FRQB",
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally#English"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#English"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish) To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blufflike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Bluffton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blufftop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Council Bluffs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "DeValls Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Poplar Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Red Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Scotts Bluff County"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020, David Farrier, “Thin Cities”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:",
"text": "Situated on bluffs above the Huangpu, a tributary of the Yangtze, Shanghai—which means ‘above the sea’—is sinking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-fw4HZLTQ",
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "chʼinágohíʼáá"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen brjag",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отвесен бряг"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "jyrkänne"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaise"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esfragadoiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barronca"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calistoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rivaneira"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steilufer"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Felsufer"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Klippe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steilhang"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steilküste"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leathaill"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scogliera"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "matapari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "deezʼá"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falésia"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ribanceira"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "despenhadeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precipício"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utjós",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "утёс"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrýv",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обры́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj béreg",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отве́сный бе́рег"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pečina"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clogwyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dibyn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian Prairies English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-en:small_wood",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
],
[
"willow",
"willow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canadian Prairies) A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:small wood"
],
"tags": [
"Canadian-Prairies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff-bowed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff-headed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bluff (comparative bluffer, superlative bluffest)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
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"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bluff bows of a ship",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a broad, flattened front."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-3oPZIKaG",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 4 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a broad, flattened front",
"word": "tylppä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 15 5 11 5 6 7 8 3 3 3 6 12 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 4 10 5 8 5 8 6 3 3 6 13 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 3 12 5 8 4 8 5 2 3 6 12 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 6 10 6 6 7 9 3 3 2 6 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 3 12 5 7 4 8 5 2 3 6 14 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 5 12 6 6 7 9 3 3 2 4 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 3 14 5 7 3 8 4 2 2 6 14 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 6 9 5 5 8 10 3 4 2 5 12 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 6 10 5 6 9 9 3 3 2 5 12 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 44 12 23 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 41 12 25 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 51 4 26 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 45 7 26 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 47 8 23 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Apache translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, William Falconer, \"Côte en écore\" (entry in An Universal Dictionary of the Marine)",
"text": "a bluff or bold shore"
},
{
"ref": "1845, Sylvester Judd, Margaret: A Tale of the Real and the Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including Sketches of a Place Not Before Described, Called Mons Christi:",
"text": "Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-J2XuWCBV",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отвесен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отве́сный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrývistyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "обры́вистый"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] he had a bluff, rough-and-ready face, all roughened and reddened and lined in his long travels.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Surly; churlish; gruff; rough."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-X-V5Oeag",
"links": [
[
"churlish",
"churlish"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezceremonen",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "безцеремонен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besceremónnyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "бесцеремо́нный"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 5 11 5 6 7 8 3 3 3 6 12 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 5 12 6 6 7 9 3 3 2 4 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bluff answer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff manner of talking",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff sea captain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defence in a moment of surprise.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughly frank and hearty in one's manners."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-TfVDDLie",
"links": [
[
"frank",
"frank"
],
[
"hearty",
"hearty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrupt"
},
{
"word": "unceremonious"
},
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "brusque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkrit",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открит"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkroven",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откровен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prjamój",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "прямо́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrovénnyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открове́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 10 80",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "burdus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly onomatopoeic, perhaps related to blow and puff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 17 1 8 4 5 4 6 2 1 1 5 14 4 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 11 2 4 2 6 3 1 2 4 9 4 1 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 8 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 0 0 2 6 1 1 11 14 2 1 10 0 2 13 0 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 5 8 5 5 6 7 3 2 2 4 10 5 5 20",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 10 4 5 3 6 3 2 2 5 10 6 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 2 7 3 5 3 7 3 9 2 5 11 4 2 21",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
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"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “Incidents of Sport”, in My Life and Recollections. … Complete in Four Volumes, volume III, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 124:",
"text": "Not a sparrow on the cottage thatch, where the chimney's warmth had thawed the snow, that did not seem to have his great coat on, so bluffed out were the feathers, and not a frozen-out duck who did not glance up at the icicles hanging to the roof, and quack a prayer for rain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “The Fair Doe of Fernditch”, in Tales of Life and Death. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 117:",
"text": "[W]hen the bare boughs of a tree intervened between her and the rising bright but deep red sun, frosted as the twigs were, on them sat a merry flock of sparrows, the feathers on their breasts bluffed out, as if they had donned warm winter spencers to shield them from the biting blast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Nick Fowler, “Sunday in the Park with Sores”, in A Thing (or Two) about Curtis and Camilla, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, June 2003, →ISBN, pages 285–286:",
"text": "I remember one idle bright afternoon here when Phillip bluffed out his little chest, sneaking expectant glances back at me and Cammy, until she \"restrained\" him from bickering with that beagle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fluff, puff or swell up."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-LzBTAhib",
"links": [
[
"fluff",
"fluff#Verb"
],
[
"puff",
"puff#Verb"
],
[
"swell",
"swell#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "paisua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "aufplustern"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "at first bluff"
},
{
"word": "blind man's bluff"
},
{
"word": "bluff catcher"
},
{
"word": "bluff charge"
},
{
"word": "call someone's bluff"
},
{
"word": "counterbluff"
},
{
"word": "double bluff"
},
{
"word": "post oak bluff"
},
{
"word": "quadruple bluff"
},
{
"word": "rebluff"
},
{
"word": "semi-bluff"
},
{
"word": "triple bluff"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bluff",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bluff (countable and uncountable, plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is only bluff, or That is only a bluff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one’s position in order to intimidate or deceive; braggadocio."
],
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"braggadocio",
"braggadocio"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable or uncountable) An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one’s position in order to intimidate or deceive; braggadocio."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Poker"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John’s bet was a bluff: he bet without even so much as a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker, countable or uncountable) An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Hoyle's Games:",
"text": "BLUFF OR POKER [title of a chapter]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The card game poker."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dated, uncountable) The card game poker."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"links": [
[
"bluffer",
"bluffer#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Pretense, excuse."
],
"links": [
[
"Pretense",
"pretense"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, dated, countable or uncountable) Pretense, excuse."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "բլեֆ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfirane",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блъфиране"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūzhāngshēngshì",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "虚张声势"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "hämäys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffaus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andrómena"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alburgada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "algaruxada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algueiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "padumada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grila"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grola"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bluffen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöff"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bluf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "بلوف"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blefiranje"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pretvarjanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluf"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blof"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "America",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "wikang palagwa"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "palipad-hangin"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "lastog"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "kalastugan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöf"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluff"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blöf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bluffable"
},
{
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"word": "bluffingly"
},
{
"word": "bluff out"
},
{
"word": "double-bluff"
},
{
"word": "outbluff"
},
{
"word": "rebluff"
},
{
"word": "unbluffed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Poker"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John bluffed by betting without even a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a bluff; to give the impression that one’s hand is stronger than it is."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one’s hand is stronger than it is."
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The government claims it will call an election if this bill does not pass. Is it truly ready to do so, or is it bluffing?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten, deter, or deceive with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate or gain some advantage."
],
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"temerity",
"temerity#English"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate#English"
],
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) To frighten, deter, or deceive with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate or gain some advantage."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bluffed our way past the guards.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take advantage by bluffing."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
],
"glosses": [
"To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally#English"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#English"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish) To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfíram",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блъфи́рам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blafovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "hämätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "fachendear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "borrear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "prantar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"topics": [
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "markieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöfföl"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bleffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "alda",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "алда"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefuoti"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "blefira",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефира"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lâfidan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "لافیدن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tup zadan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "توپ زدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blefovátʹ",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефова́ть"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefirati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "se pretvarjati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "presumir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "alardear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "Andes",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "America",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blofear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöf yapmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blefuváty",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефува́ти"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "billéf",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "בִּלֵּף"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluffować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabluffować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "iludir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "ludibriar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "fintar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "fintear"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Western Apache translations",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blufflike"
},
{
"word": "Bluffton"
},
{
"word": "blufftop"
},
{
"word": "Council Bluffs"
},
{
"word": "DeValls Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Poplar Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Red Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Scotts Bluff County"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020, David Farrier, “Thin Cities”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:",
"text": "Situated on bluffs above the Huangpu, a tributary of the Yangtze, Shanghai—which means ‘above the sea’—is sinking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face."
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian Prairies English"
],
"glosses": [
"A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
],
[
"willow",
"willow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canadian Prairies) A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:small wood"
],
"tags": [
"Canadian-Prairies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "chʼinágohíʼáá"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen brjag",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отвесен бряг"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "jyrkänne"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaise"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esfragadoiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barronca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calistoso"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rivaneira"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steilufer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Felsufer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Klippe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steilhang"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steilküste"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leathaill"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scogliera"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "matapari"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "deezʼá"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falésia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ribanceira"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "despenhadeiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precipício"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utjós",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "утёс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrýv",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обры́в"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj béreg",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отве́сный бе́рег"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pečina"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clogwyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dibyn"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Western Apache translations",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bluff-bowed"
},
{
"word": "bluff-headed"
},
{
"word": "bluffly"
},
{
"word": "bluffness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bluff (comparative bluffer, superlative bluffest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bluff bows of a ship",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a broad, flattened front."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, William Falconer, \"Côte en écore\" (entry in An Universal Dictionary of the Marine)",
"text": "a bluff or bold shore"
},
{
"ref": "1845, Sylvester Judd, Margaret: A Tale of the Real and the Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including Sketches of a Place Not Before Described, Called Mons Christi:",
"text": "Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] he had a bluff, rough-and-ready face, all roughened and reddened and lined in his long travels.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Surly; churlish; gruff; rough."
],
"links": [
[
"churlish",
"churlish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bluff answer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff manner of talking",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff sea captain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defence in a moment of surprise.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughly frank and hearty in one's manners."
],
"links": [
[
"frank",
"frank"
],
[
"hearty",
"hearty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrupt"
},
{
"word": "unceremonious"
},
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "brusque"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a broad, flattened front",
"word": "tylppä"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отвесен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отве́сный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrývistyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "обры́вистый"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezceremonen",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "безцеремонен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besceremónnyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "бесцеремо́нный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkrit",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открит"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkroven",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откровен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prjamój",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "прямо́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrovénnyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открове́нный"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "burdus"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"en:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly onomatopoeic, perhaps related to blow and puff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “Incidents of Sport”, in My Life and Recollections. … Complete in Four Volumes, volume III, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 124:",
"text": "Not a sparrow on the cottage thatch, where the chimney's warmth had thawed the snow, that did not seem to have his great coat on, so bluffed out were the feathers, and not a frozen-out duck who did not glance up at the icicles hanging to the roof, and quack a prayer for rain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “The Fair Doe of Fernditch”, in Tales of Life and Death. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 117:",
"text": "[W]hen the bare boughs of a tree intervened between her and the rising bright but deep red sun, frosted as the twigs were, on them sat a merry flock of sparrows, the feathers on their breasts bluffed out, as if they had donned warm winter spencers to shield them from the biting blast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Nick Fowler, “Sunday in the Park with Sores”, in A Thing (or Two) about Curtis and Camilla, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, June 2003, →ISBN, pages 285–286:",
"text": "I remember one idle bright afternoon here when Phillip bluffed out his little chest, sneaking expectant glances back at me and Cammy, until she \"restrained\" him from bickering with that beagle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fluff, puff or swell up."
],
"links": [
[
"fluff",
"fluff#Verb"
],
[
"puff",
"puff#Verb"
],
[
"swell",
"swell#Verb"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "paisua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "aufplustern"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bluff meaning in English (36.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.