See bluff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bluff meaning in English (35.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "at first bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blind man's bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff catcher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff charge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "call someone's bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "double bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "post oak bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quadruple bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semi-bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "triple bluff"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bluff",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bluf",
"3": "",
"4": "bragging"
},
"expansion": "bluf (“bragging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bluff (countable and uncountable, plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is only bluff, or a bluff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one's position in order to intimidate; braggadocio."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-mX1jqkwp",
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"braggadocio",
"braggadocio"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "բլեֆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfirane",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блъфиране"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūzhāngshēngshì",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "虚张声势"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "hämäys"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andrómena"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alburgada"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "algaruxada"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "padumada"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grila"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grola"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöff"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bluf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "بلوف"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blefiranje"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pretvarjanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "wikang palagwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "palipad-hangin"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "lastog"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "kalastugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 1 6 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poker",
"orig": "en:Poker",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Gambling",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John's bet was a bluff: he bet without even so much as a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-IknflaAS",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 10 6 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blöf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 12 1 5 9 3 16 5 1 10 1 4 10 2 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 4 6 4 13 5 2 16 2 3 8 3 4 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Hoyle's Games",
"text": "BLUFF OR POKER [title of a chapter]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The card game poker."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-ZcyqQsw4",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dated) The card game poker."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-pIhiuicz",
"links": [
[
"bluffer",
"bluffer#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An excuse."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-VsU2hqWB",
"links": [
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, dated) An excuse."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluffingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "double-bluff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bluf",
"3": "",
"4": "bragging"
},
"expansion": "bluf (“bragging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poker",
"orig": "en:Poker",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Gambling",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John bluffed by betting without even a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-EqQuqU6X",
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is."
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfíram",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блъфи́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blafovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "hämätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"topics": [
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "markieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöfföl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bleffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "alda",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "алда"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefuoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lâfidan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "لافیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tup zadan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "توپ زدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blefovátʹ",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "se pretvarjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "presumir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "alardear"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöf yapmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blefuváty",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 12 1 5 9 3 16 5 1 10 1 4 10 2 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The government claims it will call an election if this bill does not pass. Is it truly ready to do so, or is it bluffing?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-oaQN7BO-",
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"temerity",
"temerity#English"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate#English"
],
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "billéf",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "בִּלֵּף"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluffować"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabluffować"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "iludir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "ludibriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 3 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bluffed our way past the guards.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take advantage by bluffing."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-E1XsGlOc"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manglish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singlish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-B3Z1FRQB",
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally#English"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#English"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish) To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Bluffton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Council Bluffs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "DeValls Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Poplar Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Red Bluff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Scotts Bluff County"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 12 1 5 9 3 16 5 1 10 1 4 10 2 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 4 6 4 13 5 2 16 2 3 8 3 4 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020, David Farrier, “Thin Cities”, in Footprints, 4th Estate",
"text": "Situated on bluffs above the Huangpu, a tributary of the Yangtze, Shanghai—which means ‘above the sea’—is sinking.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-fw4HZLTQ",
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "chʼinágohíʼáá"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen brjag",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отвесен бряг"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "jyrkänne"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaise"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steilufer"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Felsufer"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Klippe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steilhang"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steilküste"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leathaill"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scogliera"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "matapari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "deezʼá"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falésia"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ribanceira"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "despenhadeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precipício"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utjós",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "утёс"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrýv",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обры́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj béreg",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отве́сный бе́рег"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pečina"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clogwyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dibyn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian Prairies English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-noun-en:small_wood",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
],
[
"willow",
"willow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canadian Prairies) A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:small wood"
],
"tags": [
"Canadian-Prairies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff-bowed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bluff-headed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bluff (comparative bluffer, superlative bluffest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bluff bows of a ship",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a broad, flattened front."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-3oPZIKaG",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 4 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a broad, flattened front",
"word": "tylppä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 12 1 5 9 3 16 5 1 10 1 4 10 2 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 4 6 4 13 5 2 16 2 3 8 3 4 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, William Falconer, \"Côte en écore\" (entry in An Universal Dictionary of the Marine)",
"text": "a bluff or bold shore"
},
{
"ref": "1845, Sylvester Judd, Margaret: A Tale of the Real and the Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including Sketches of a Place Not Before Described, Called Mons Christi",
"text": "Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-J2XuWCBV",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 92 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отвесен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отве́сный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrývistyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "обры́вистый"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Surly; churlish; gruff; rough."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-X-V5Oeag",
"links": [
[
"churlish",
"churlish"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezceremonen",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "безцеремонен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 95 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besceremónnyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "бесцеремо́нный"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bluff answer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff manner of talking",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff sea captain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughly frank and hearty in one's manners."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-adj-TfVDDLie",
"links": [
[
"frank",
"frank"
],
[
"hearty",
"hearty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrupt"
},
{
"word": "unceremonious"
},
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "brusque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkrit",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открит"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkroven",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откровен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prjamój",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "прямо́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrovénnyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открове́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 11 82",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "burdus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blow"
},
"expansion": "blow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "puff"
},
"expansion": "puff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly onomatopoeic, perhaps related to blow and puff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 12 1 5 9 3 16 5 1 10 1 4 10 2 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 4 6 4 13 5 2 16 2 3 8 3 4 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “Incidents of Sport”, in My Life and Recollections. … Complete in Four Volumes, volume III, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 124",
"text": "Not a sparrow on the cottage thatch, where the chimney's warmth had thawed the snow, that did not seem to have his great coat on, so bluffed out were the feathers, and not a frozen-out duck who did not glance up at the icicles hanging to the roof, and quack a prayer for rain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “The Fair Doe of Fernditch”, in Tales of Life and Death. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 117",
"text": "[W]hen the bare boughs of a tree intervened between her and the rising bright but deep red sun, frosted as the twigs were, on them sat a merry flock of sparrows, the feathers on their breasts bluffed out, as if they had donned warm winter spencers to shield them from the biting blast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Nick Fowler, “Sunday in the Park with Sores”, in A Thing (or Two) about Curtis and Camilla, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, June 2003, pages 285–286",
"text": "I remember one idle bright afternoon here when Phillip bluffed out his little chest, sneaking expectant glances back at me and Cammy, until she \"restrained\" him from bickering with that beagle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fluff, puff or swell up."
],
"id": "en-bluff-en-verb-LzBTAhib",
"links": [
[
"fluff",
"fluff#Verb"
],
[
"puff",
"puff#Verb"
],
[
"swell",
"swell#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "paisua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "aufplustern"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "at first bluff"
},
{
"word": "blind man's bluff"
},
{
"word": "bluff catcher"
},
{
"word": "bluff charge"
},
{
"word": "call someone's bluff"
},
{
"word": "double bluff"
},
{
"word": "post oak bluff"
},
{
"word": "quadruple bluff"
},
{
"word": "semi-bluff"
},
{
"word": "triple bluff"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bluff",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bluff, (Brazil) blefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bluf",
"3": "",
"4": "bragging"
},
"expansion": "bluf (“bragging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bluff (countable and uncountable, plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is only bluff, or a bluff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one's position in order to intimidate; braggadocio."
],
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"braggadocio",
"braggadocio"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Poker"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John's bet was a bluff: he bet without even so much as a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, Hoyle's Games",
"text": "BLUFF OR POKER [title of a chapter]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The card game poker."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dated) The card game poker."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who bluffs; a bluffer."
],
"links": [
[
"bluffer",
"bluffer#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"An excuse."
],
"links": [
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, dated) An excuse."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "բլեֆ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfirane",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блъфиране"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūzhāngshēngshì",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "虚张声势"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "hämäys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "bluffaus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andrómena"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alburgada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "algaruxada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algueiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "padumada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grila"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grola"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bluffen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöff"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bluf",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "بلوف"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blefiranje"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pretvarjanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "wikang palagwa"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "palipad-hangin"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "lastog"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "kalastugan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of bluffing",
"word": "blöf"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎf",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блъф"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blufo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "bluffi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluff"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blef"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blefe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blef",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блеф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farol"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bluff"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poker: attempt to represent yourself as holding a stronger hand than you do",
"word": "blöf"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"word": "bluffingly"
},
{
"word": "bluff out"
},
{
"word": "double-bluff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bluffen (“to brag”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bluffen",
"4": "",
"5": "to make something swell; to bluff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bluf",
"3": "",
"4": "bragging"
},
"expansion": "bluf (“bragging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verblüffen",
"t": "to stump, perplex"
},
"expansion": "German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Dutch bluffen (“to brag”), from Middle Dutch bluffen (“to make something swell; to bluff”); or from the Dutch noun bluf (“bragging”). Related to German verblüffen (“to stump, perplex”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Poker"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "John bluffed by betting without even a pair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is."
],
"links": [
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is."
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"poker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The government claims it will call an election if this bill does not pass. Is it truly ready to do so, or is it bluffing?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage."
],
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"temerity",
"temerity#English"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate#English"
],
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bluffed our way past the guards.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take advantage by bluffing."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
],
"glosses": [
"To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally#English"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#English"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish) To give false information intentionally; to lie; to deceive"
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blǎfíram",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блъфи́рам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blafovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "hämätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"topics": [
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "markieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöfföl"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bleffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "alda",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "алда"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefuoti"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lâfidan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "لافیدن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tup zadan",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "توپ زدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blefovátʹ",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефова́ть"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blefirati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "se pretvarjati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "presumir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "alardear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "bluffa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "blöf yapmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blefuváty",
"sense": "to make a bluff",
"word": "блефува́ти"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "blufi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "billéf",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "בִּלֵּף"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "bluffare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zablefować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluffować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabluffować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "iludir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"word": "ludibriar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to scare with a false show of strength",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "blefar"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bluffton"
},
{
"word": "Council Bluffs"
},
{
"word": "DeValls Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Poplar Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Red Bluff"
},
{
"word": "Scotts Bluff County"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (plural bluffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020, David Farrier, “Thin Cities”, in Footprints, 4th Estate",
"text": "Situated on bluffs above the Huangpu, a tributary of the Yangtze, Shanghai—which means ‘above the sea’—is sinking.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face."
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian Prairies English"
],
"glosses": [
"A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
],
[
"willow",
"willow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canadian Prairies) A small wood or stand of trees, typically poplar or willow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:small wood"
],
"tags": [
"Canadian-Prairies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "chʼinágohíʼáá"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen brjag",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отвесен бряг"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klip"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "jyrkänne"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falaise"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steilufer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Felsufer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Klippe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steilhang"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steilküste"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leathaill"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scogliera"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "matapari"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"word": "deezʼá"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falésia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ribanceira"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "despenhadeiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precipício"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utjós",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "утёс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrýv",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обры́в"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj béreg",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "отве́сный бе́рег"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pečina"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clogwyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "high, steep bank",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dibyn"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bluff-bowed"
},
{
"word": "bluff-headed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "blaff",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Middle Low German blaff (“smooth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bluff (comparative bluffer, superlative bluffest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bluff bows of a ship",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a broad, flattened front."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, William Falconer, \"Côte en écore\" (entry in An Universal Dictionary of the Marine)",
"text": "a bluff or bold shore"
},
{
"ref": "1845, Sylvester Judd, Margaret: A Tale of the Real and the Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including Sketches of a Place Not Before Described, Called Mons Christi",
"text": "Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Surly; churlish; gruff; rough."
],
"links": [
[
"churlish",
"churlish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bluff answer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff manner of talking",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a bluff sea captain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughly frank and hearty in one's manners."
],
"links": [
[
"frank",
"frank"
],
[
"hearty",
"hearty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrupt"
},
{
"word": "unceremonious"
},
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "brusque"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a broad, flattened front",
"word": "tylppä"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvesen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отвесен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvésnyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "отве́сный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrývistyj",
"sense": "rising steeply with a flat or rounded front",
"word": "обры́вистый"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezceremonen",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "безцеремонен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besceremónnyj",
"sense": "surly; churlish; gruff; rough",
"word": "бесцеремо́нный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkrit",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открит"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otkroven",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откровен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "jäyhä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prjamój",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "прямо́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrovénnyj",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "открове́нный"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque",
"word": "burdus"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blow"
},
"expansion": "blow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "puff"
},
"expansion": "puff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly onomatopoeic, perhaps related to blow and puff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bluffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bluffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “Incidents of Sport”, in My Life and Recollections. … Complete in Four Volumes, volume III, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 124",
"text": "Not a sparrow on the cottage thatch, where the chimney's warmth had thawed the snow, that did not seem to have his great coat on, so bluffed out were the feathers, and not a frozen-out duck who did not glance up at the icicles hanging to the roof, and quack a prayer for rain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “The Fair Doe of Fernditch”, in Tales of Life and Death. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 117",
"text": "[W]hen the bare boughs of a tree intervened between her and the rising bright but deep red sun, frosted as the twigs were, on them sat a merry flock of sparrows, the feathers on their breasts bluffed out, as if they had donned warm winter spencers to shield them from the biting blast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Nick Fowler, “Sunday in the Park with Sores”, in A Thing (or Two) about Curtis and Camilla, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, June 2003, pages 285–286",
"text": "I remember one idle bright afternoon here when Phillip bluffed out his little chest, sneaking expectant glances back at me and Cammy, until she \"restrained\" him from bickering with that beagle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fluff, puff or swell up."
],
"links": [
[
"fluff",
"fluff#Verb"
],
[
"puff",
"puff#Verb"
],
[
"swell",
"swell#Verb"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blʌf/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "paisua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell up",
"word": "aufplustern"
}
],
"word": "bluff"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.