"-st" meaning in English

See -st in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -st; see -est. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-st}} Middle English -st Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -st, {{en-suffix}} -st
  1. (archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est Tags: archaic, morpheme
    Sense id: en--st-en-suffix-aLD15WNg Categories (other): English links with manual fragments
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: From the written form of first; see further etymology there. Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -st, {{en-suffix}} -st
  1. Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "first" Tags: morpheme Coordinate_terms: -nd, -rd, -th Translations (first): -st- (alt: e.g. 1ste = erste) (German), (dai) (alt: だい) (Japanese), -szy [masculine] (Polish), -a (Swedish)
    Sense id: en--st-en-suffix-mfjHPkvG Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 11 entries, Pages with entries, Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 59 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 11 entries: 11 13 11 32 8 5 11 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 14 12 34 7 3 12 3 3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Etymology: From -s + -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|-s|-t}} -s + -t, {{glossary|excrescent}} excrescent, {{glossary|genitive}} genitive Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -st, {{en-suffix}} -st
  1. Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning). Tags: morpheme Derived forms: against, alongst, amongst, beknownst, midst, unbeknownst, whilst, whomst
    Sense id: en--st-en-suffix-SZOXY-Xc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-st"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -st",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -st; see -est.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:",
          "text": "Thou com'st to use thy tongue.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
      ],
      "id": "en--st-en-suffix-aLD15WNg",
      "links": [
        [
          "second-person singular",
          "second-person singular"
        ],
        [
          "-est",
          "-est#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "From the written form of first; see further etymology there.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 59 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 13 11 32 8 5 11 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 11 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 14 12 34 7 3 12 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "-nd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-rd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-th"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the 21st century",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is \"first\""
      ],
      "id": "en--st-en-suffix-mfjHPkvG",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "alt": "e.g. 1ste = erste",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "first",
          "word": "-st-"
        },
        {
          "alt": "だい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "dai",
          "sense": "first",
          "word": "第"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "first",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-szy"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "first",
          "word": "-a"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-s",
        "3": "-t"
      },
      "expansion": "-s + -t",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "excrescent"
      },
      "expansion": "excrescent",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "genitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From -s + -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "against"
        },
        {
          "word": "alongst"
        },
        {
          "word": "amongst"
        },
        {
          "word": "beknownst"
        },
        {
          "word": "midst"
        },
        {
          "word": "unbeknownst"
        },
        {
          "word": "whilst"
        },
        {
          "word": "whomst"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "among + -st → amongst",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "mid + -st → midst",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "while + -st → whilst",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning)."
      ],
      "id": "en--st-en-suffix-SZOXY-Xc",
      "links": [
        [
          "Excrescent",
          "excrescent#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Pages with 11 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-st"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -st",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -st; see -est.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:",
          "text": "Thou com'st to use thy tongue.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "second-person singular",
          "second-person singular"
        ],
        [
          "-est",
          "-est#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 11 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "-nd"
    },
    {
      "word": "-rd"
    },
    {
      "word": "-th"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "From the written form of first; see further etymology there.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the 21st century",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is \"first\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "alt": "e.g. 1ste = erste",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "first",
      "word": "-st-"
    },
    {
      "alt": "だい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "dai",
      "sense": "first",
      "word": "第"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "first",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-szy"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "first",
      "word": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "Pages with 11 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "against"
    },
    {
      "word": "alongst"
    },
    {
      "word": "amongst"
    },
    {
      "word": "beknownst"
    },
    {
      "word": "midst"
    },
    {
      "word": "unbeknownst"
    },
    {
      "word": "whilst"
    },
    {
      "word": "whomst"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-s",
        "3": "-t"
      },
      "expansion": "-s + -t",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "excrescent"
      },
      "expansion": "excrescent",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "genitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From -s + -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-st",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "among + -st → amongst",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "mid + -st → midst",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "while + -st → whilst",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Excrescent",
          "excrescent#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-st"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -st meaning in English (4.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.