"孤單" meaning in Chinese

See 孤單 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/ [Dungan, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/ [Gan, Nanchang, Sinological-IPA], /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kɔ³³ tuã³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Singapore, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /kɔ³³ tan³³/ [Hokkien, Philippines, Quanzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/, /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/, /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/, /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/, /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/, /ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/, /kɔ³³ tuã³³/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/, /kɔ³³ tan³³/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/, /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/, /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/ Chinese transliterations: gūdān [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], гўдан [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], gwdan [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], II-I [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], gu¹ daan¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], 'gu¹ dan¹ [Gan, Wiktionary-specific], kû-tân [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gŭ-dăng, ko͘-toaⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], ko͘-tan [Hokkien, POJ], gou¹ duan¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], ¹ku-te, gūdān [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], gudan [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], ku¹-tan¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], gū-dān [Mandarin, Yale, standard], gudan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], гудань [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], gudanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], gū dāan [Cantonese, Yale], gu¹ daan¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gu¹ dan¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], 'gu¹ dan¹ [Gan, Nanchang, Wiktionary-specific], kû-tân [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gu´ dan´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gu¹ dan¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gŭ-dăng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], koo-tuann [Hokkien, Tai-lo], ko'dvoaf [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], koo-tan [Hokkien, Tai-lo], ko'dafn [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kou tuaⁿ [POJ, Teochew], ¹ku-te [Wu], ku^平 te [Wu], /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/ [Wu]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 孤單
  1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-孤單-zh-adj-zBprlu7v Disambiguation of Emotions: 95 0 5 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 59 8 34
  2. weak; powerless
    Sense id: en-孤單-zh-adj-UEvJjCuR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: [Hokkien], 孤孑 (gūjié) [literary], 孤寂 (gūjì), 孤獨 (gūdú), 孤独 (gūdú), 寂寞 (jìmò), 寂寥 (jìliáo), 挑另 [Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 索寞 (suǒmò) (english: literary or Eastern Min), 落寞 (luòmò), 單薄 (dānbó), 单薄 (dānbó), 孱弱 (chánruò) [literary], (ruò), 微弱 (wēiruò), 柔弱 (róuruò), 瘦弱 (shòuruò), 瘦瘠 (shòují), 羸弱 (léiruò), 脆弱 (cuìruò), 荏弱 [Hokkien], 薄弱 (bóruò), 虛弱 (xūruò), 虚弱 (xūruò), 虛荏 [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 虚荏 [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 虛虧 (xūkuī), 虚亏 (xūkuī), 虧弱 (kuīruò), 亏弱 (kuīruò), 衰弱 (shuāiruò), 軟弱 (ruǎnruò), 软弱 (ruǎnruò), 軟䭕 [Hokkien, Teochew], 软𬲕 [Hokkien, Teochew], (cí) [literary], 體弱 (tǐruò), 体弱 (tǐruò)

Adverb

IPA: /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/ [Dungan, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/ [Gan, Nanchang, Sinological-IPA], /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kɔ³³ tuã³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Singapore, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /kɔ³³ tan³³/ [Hokkien, Philippines, Quanzhou], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/, /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/, /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/, /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/, /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/, /ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/, /kɔ³³ tuã³³/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/, /kɔ³³ tan³³/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/, /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/, /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/ Chinese transliterations: gūdān [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], гўдан [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], gwdan [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], II-I [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], gu¹ daan¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], 'gu¹ dan¹ [Gan, Wiktionary-specific], kû-tân [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gŭ-dăng, ko͘-toaⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], ko͘-tan [Hokkien, POJ], gou¹ duan¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], ¹ku-te, gūdān [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], gudan [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], ku¹-tan¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], gū-dān [Mandarin, Yale, standard], gudan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], гудань [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], gudanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], gū dāan [Cantonese, Yale], gu¹ daan¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gu¹ dan¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], 'gu¹ dan¹ [Gan, Nanchang, Wiktionary-specific], kû-tân [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gu´ dan´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gu¹ dan¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gŭ-dăng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], koo-tuann [Hokkien, Tai-lo], ko'dvoaf [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], koo-tan [Hokkien, Tai-lo], ko'dafn [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kou tuaⁿ [POJ, Teochew], ¹ku-te [Wu], ku^平 te [Wu], /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/ [Wu]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adverb}} 孤單
  1. (Southern Min) only; just; alone Tags: Min, Southern
    Sense id: en-孤單-zh-adv-7A21W62L Categories (other): Southern Min Chinese Synonyms: 一塌括子 (7iq-thaeq7-khuaeq7-tsy3) (Suzhounese), 僅僅 (jǐnjǐn), 仅仅 (jǐnjǐn), 儷是 (nâ-sê) [Eastern, Min], 俪是 (nâ-sê) [Eastern, Min], 則是 (zéshì) [archaic], 则是 (zéshì) [archaic], , 只係 (zi2 hai6) [Cantonese], 只系 (zi2 hai6) [Cantonese], 只是 (zhǐshì), 單純 (dānchún), 单纯 (dānchún), 孤啊 [Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 干焦 [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 徒然 (túrán)

Download JSON data for 孤單 meaning in Chinese (12.4kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "孤單",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 8 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 0 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "zh:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate"
      ],
      "id": "en-孤單-zh-adj-zBprlu7v",
      "links": [
        [
          "lonely",
          "lonely"
        ],
        [
          "lonesome",
          "lonesome"
        ],
        [
          "solitary",
          "solitary"
        ],
        [
          "desolate",
          "desolate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "weak; powerless"
      ],
      "id": "en-孤單-zh-adj-UEvJjCuR",
      "links": [
        [
          "weak",
          "weak"
        ],
        [
          "powerless",
          "powerless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гўдан"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwdan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "II-I"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-toaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ duan¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku¹-tan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū-dān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гудань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū dāan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu´ dan´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dvoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dafn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou tuaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "俗"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gūjié",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "孤孑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gūjì",
      "word": "孤寂"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gūdú",
      "word": "孤獨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gūdú",
      "word": "孤独"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìmò",
      "word": "寂寞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìliáo",
      "word": "寂寥"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "挑另"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "literary or Eastern Min",
      "roman": "suǒmò",
      "word": "索寞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "luòmò",
      "word": "落寞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dānbó",
      "word": "單薄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dānbó",
      "word": "单薄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chánruò",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "孱弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ruò",
      "word": "弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wēiruò",
      "word": "微弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "róuruò",
      "word": "柔弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shòuruò",
      "word": "瘦弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shòují",
      "word": "瘦瘠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "léiruò",
      "word": "羸弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuìruò",
      "word": "脆弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "荏弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bóruò",
      "word": "薄弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xūruò",
      "word": "虛弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xūruò",
      "word": "虚弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "虛荏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "虚荏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xūkuī",
      "word": "虛虧"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xūkuī",
      "word": "虚亏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kuīruò",
      "word": "虧弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kuīruò",
      "word": "亏弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shuāiruò",
      "word": "衰弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "word": "軟弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "word": "软弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "軟䭕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "软𬲕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "雌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǐruò",
      "word": "體弱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǐruò",
      "word": "体弱"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤單"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "孤單",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southern Min Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "only; just; alone"
      ],
      "id": "en-孤單-zh-adv-7A21W62L",
      "links": [
        [
          "only",
          "only"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "alone",
          "alone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Southern Min) only; just; alone"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Suzhounese",
          "word": "一塌括子 (7iq-thaeq7-khuaeq7-tsy3)"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǐnjǐn",
          "word": "僅僅"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǐnjǐn",
          "word": "仅仅"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nâ-sê",
          "tags": [
            "Eastern",
            "Min"
          ],
          "word": "儷是"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nâ-sê",
          "tags": [
            "Eastern",
            "Min"
          ],
          "word": "俪是"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zéshì",
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "則是"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zéshì",
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "则是"
        },
        {
          "word": "只"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zi2 hai6",
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "只係"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zi2 hai6",
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "只系"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhǐshì",
          "word": "只是"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dānchún",
          "word": "單純"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dānchún",
          "word": "单纯"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "孤啊"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien",
            "Xiamen",
            "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "干焦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "túrán",
          "word": "徒然"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min",
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гўдан"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwdan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "II-I"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-toaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ duan¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku¹-tan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū-dān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гудань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū dāan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu´ dan´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dvoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dafn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou tuaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤單"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "zh:Emotions"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "孤單",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lonely",
          "lonely"
        ],
        [
          "lonesome",
          "lonesome"
        ],
        [
          "solitary",
          "solitary"
        ],
        [
          "desolate",
          "desolate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "weak; powerless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "weak",
          "weak"
        ],
        [
          "powerless",
          "powerless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гўдан"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwdan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "II-I"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-toaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ duan¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku¹-tan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū-dān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гудань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū dāan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu´ dan´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dvoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dafn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou tuaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gūjié",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "孤孑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gūjì",
      "word": "孤寂"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gūdú",
      "word": "孤獨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gūdú",
      "word": "孤独"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìmò",
      "word": "寂寞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìliáo",
      "word": "寂寥"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "挑另"
    },
    {
      "english": "literary or Eastern Min",
      "roman": "suǒmò",
      "word": "索寞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "luòmò",
      "word": "落寞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dānbó",
      "word": "單薄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dānbó",
      "word": "单薄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chánruò",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "孱弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruò",
      "word": "弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wēiruò",
      "word": "微弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "róuruò",
      "word": "柔弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shòuruò",
      "word": "瘦弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shòují",
      "word": "瘦瘠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "léiruò",
      "word": "羸弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuìruò",
      "word": "脆弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "荏弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bóruò",
      "word": "薄弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xūruò",
      "word": "虛弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xūruò",
      "word": "虚弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "虛荏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "虚荏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xūkuī",
      "word": "虛虧"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xūkuī",
      "word": "虚亏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kuīruò",
      "word": "虧弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kuīruò",
      "word": "亏弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuāiruò",
      "word": "衰弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "word": "軟弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "word": "软弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "軟䭕"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "软𬲕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "雌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǐruò",
      "word": "體弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǐruò",
      "word": "体弱"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤單"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "zh:Emotions"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "孤單",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Southern Min Chinese"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "only; just; alone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "only",
          "only"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "alone",
          "alone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Southern Min) only; just; alone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min",
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гўдан"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwdan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "II-I"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-toaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko͘-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ duan¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūdān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku¹-tan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū-dān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гудань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gudanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū dāan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ daan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kû-tân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu´ dan´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ dan¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gŭ-dăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dvoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koo-tan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko'dafn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou tuaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 te"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tuã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ³³ tan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ te²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Suzhounese",
      "word": "一塌括子 (7iq-thaeq7-khuaeq7-tsy3)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jǐnjǐn",
      "word": "僅僅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jǐnjǐn",
      "word": "仅仅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nâ-sê",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern",
        "Min"
      ],
      "word": "儷是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nâ-sê",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern",
        "Min"
      ],
      "word": "俪是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zéshì",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "則是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zéshì",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "则是"
    },
    {
      "word": "只"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zi2 hai6",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "只係"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zi2 hai6",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "只系"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhǐshì",
      "word": "只是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dānchún",
      "word": "單純"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dānchún",
      "word": "单纯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "孤啊"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "干焦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "túrán",
      "word": "徒然"
    }
  ],
  "word": "孤單"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "孤單"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "孤單",
  "trace": "started on line 30, detected on line 30"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "孤單",
  "trace": ""
}

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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
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  "trace": "started on line 73, detected on line 83"
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  "trace": ""
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  "trace": ""
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  "trace": ""
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}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "孤單"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "孤單",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "孤單"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "孤單",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "孤單"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "孤單",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.