"既" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kei̯³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ki⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /kɛi²¹³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ki²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /ki⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /ki²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /ki¹¹/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /ki²¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡ɕi⁵¹/, /kei̯³³/, /ki⁵⁵/, /kɛi²¹³/, /ki²¹/, /ki⁴¹/, /ki²¹/, /ki¹¹/, /ki²¹/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/, /t͡ɕi³⁴/ Chinese transliterations: jì [Mandarin, Pinyin], ji⁴ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄐㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gei³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ki [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gé, kì, ¹ci; ⁵ci, jì [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], jì [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chi⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], jì [Mandarin, Yale], jih [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], цзи [Mandarin, Palladius], czi [Mandarin, Palladius], gei [Cantonese, Yale], gei³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], géi³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ki [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gi [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gi⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], gé [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], kì [Hokkien, POJ], kì [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kix [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], ¹ci; ⁵ci [Wu], ci^平; ci^去 [Wu], ¹ji; ²ji [Wu], /t͡ɕi⁵³/ [Wu], /t͡ɕi³⁴/ [Wu], kj+jH [Middle-Chinese], /*[k]ə[t]-s/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*kɯds/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Maybe Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Exopassive (perfective) of 訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”); possibly cognate to 暨 (jì, “to reach”), yet see there. Löffler (1966) compares this to Mru ki (“complete”). Etymology templates: {{der|zh|sit}} Sino-Tibetan, {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007, {{zh-l|訖|to finish}} 訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”), {{zh-l|暨|to reach}} 暨 (jì, “to reach”), {{zh-ref|Löffler (1966)}} Löffler (1966), {{cog|mro|ki||complete}} Mru ki (“complete”) Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 既
  1. already
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-6lM5bK68
  2. (obsolete) to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-3yXf0GOZ Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese prepositions, Eastern Min prepositions, Elementary Mandarin Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 0 93 4 0 0 2 Disambiguation of Chinese prepositions: 0 38 20 0 22 20 Disambiguation of Eastern Min prepositions: 1 87 4 0 3 4 Disambiguation of Elementary Mandarin: 2 80 5 0 0 13
  3. (literary) to be finished; to end Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-tQzopq1z
  4. (obsolete) all Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-XvXvA2S2
  5. since; as; now that
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-lbNfbdLu
  6. both . . . (and...); as well as
    Sense id: en-既-zh-character-i9GJ763O
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: [Classical-Chinese], [Classical-Chinese], 業已 [Classical-Chinese], [Classical-Chinese], 已經 [formal, Standard-Chinese], [formal, Standard-Chinese], 業經 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 業已 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 已然 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 已經 [Mandarin, Beijing], 已竟 [Mandarin, Beijing], 已就 [Mandarin, Beijing], 已經 [Mandarin, Taiwan], 已經 [Mandarin, Jinan], 已經 [Mandarin, Xi'an], 已經 [Mandarin, Wuhan], 已經 [Mandarin, Chengdu], 已經 [Mandarin, Guilin], 已經 [Mandarin, Yangzhou], 已經 [Mandarin, Hefei], 已經 [Mandarin, Singapore], 可價 [Mandarin], 已經 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 經已 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 已經 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 經已 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 經已 [Cantonese, Taishan], [Cantonese, Yangjiang], 已經 [Cantonese, Guangfu, Singapore], 已經 [Gan, Nanchang], 既經 [Hakka, Meixian], 既經 [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Northern], 既經 [Hakka, Sixian, Pingtung], 已經 [Hakka, Sixian, Pingtung], 既經 [Hakka, Hsinchu-County], 既經 [Hakka, Taichung], 已經 [Hakka, Yunlin], 已經 [Huizhou, Jixi], 已經 [Jin, Taiyuan], 已經 [Jian'ou], 已經 [Fuzhou], 已經, 已經 [Xiamen], 已經 [Quanzhou], 已經 [Zhangzhou], 已經 [Taipei], 已經 [Kaohsiung], 已經 [Hokkien, Singapore], 已經 [Hokkien, Manila], 已經 [Chaozhou], 已經 [Jieyang], 已經 [Teochew], 已經 [Wu, Shanghai], 已經 [Wu, Suzhou], 已經 [Wu, Wenzhou], 現是 [Xiang, Changsha], 已經 [Xiang, Changsha], 已經 [Xiang, Shuangfeng], 既已經 [Xiang, Shuangfeng] Derived forms: 一如既往 (yīrújìwǎng), 一言既出, 不咎既往 (bùjiùjìwǎng), 不溯既往, 不追既往, 亥既珠, 拜既, 既不沙, 既不索, 既乃, 既以 (jìyǐ), 既位, 既來之,則安之, 既来之,则安之, 既判力, 既夕, 既夕禮, 既夕礼, 既定 (jìdìng), 既已, 既廩, 既廪, 既往 (jìwǎng), 既往不咎 (jìwǎngbùjiù), 既後, 既后, 既得利益 (jìdé lìyì), 既得權, 既得权, 既成 (jìchéng), 既成事實 (jìchéng shìshí), 既成事实 (jìchéng shìshí), 既旬, 既是 (jìshì), 既月, 既有 (jìyǒu), 既朔, 既望 (jìwàng), 既死霸 (jìsǐpò), 既死魄, 既濟 (jìjì), 既济 (jìjì), 既濟公, 既济公, 既灌, 既然 (jìrán), 既爾, 既尔, 既生霸 (jìshēngpò), 既生魄, 既視感 (jìshìgǎn), 既视感 (jìshìgǎn), 既立, 既笄, 既終, 既终, 既而 (jì'ér), 既遂犯, 既醉, 既齔, 既龀, 時既, 时既, 東曦既駕, 东曦既驾, 無既, 无既, 皆既, 終既, 终既, 罔既, 羽翼既成, 肆既, 蝕既, 蚀既, 雍既, 靡既, 食既

Download JSON data for 既 meaning in Chinese (17.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yīrújìwǎng",
      "word": "一如既往"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "一言既出"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùjiùjìwǎng",
      "word": "不咎既往"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不溯既往"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不追既往"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "亥既珠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "拜既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既不沙"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既不索"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既乃"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìyǐ",
      "word": "既以"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既位"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既來之,則安之"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既来之,则安之"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既判力"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既夕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既夕禮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既夕礼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìdìng",
      "word": "既定"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既廩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既廪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìwǎng",
      "word": "既往"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìwǎngbùjiù",
      "word": "既往不咎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既後"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既后"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìdé lìyì",
      "word": "既得利益"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既得權"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既得权"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìchéng",
      "word": "既成"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìchéng shìshí",
      "word": "既成事實"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìchéng shìshí",
      "word": "既成事实"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既旬"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìshì",
      "word": "既是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既月"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìyǒu",
      "word": "既有"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既朔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìwàng",
      "word": "既望"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìsǐpò",
      "word": "既死霸"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既死魄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìjì",
      "word": "既濟"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìjì",
      "word": "既济"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既濟公"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既济公"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既灌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìrán",
      "word": "既然"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既爾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既尔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìshēngpò",
      "word": "既生霸"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既生魄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìshìgǎn",
      "word": "既視感"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìshìgǎn",
      "word": "既视感"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既立"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既笄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既終"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既终"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jì'ér",
      "word": "既而"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既遂犯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既醉"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既齔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "既龀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "時既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "时既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "東曦既駕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "东曦既驾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "無既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "无既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "皆既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "終既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "终既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "罔既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "羽翼既成"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "肆既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蝕既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蚀既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "雍既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "靡既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "食既"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "訖",
        "2": "to finish"
      },
      "expansion": "訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "暨",
        "2": "to reach"
      },
      "expansion": "暨 (jì, “to reach”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Löffler (1966)"
      },
      "expansion": "Löffler (1966)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mro",
        "2": "ki",
        "3": "",
        "4": "complete"
      },
      "expansion": "Mru ki (“complete”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Maybe Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Exopassive (perfective) of 訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”); possibly cognate to 暨 (jì, “to reach”), yet see there.\nLöffler (1966) compares this to Mru ki (“complete”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "既",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to let bygones be bygones",
          "roman": "jìwǎngbùjiù",
          "text": "既往不咎",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "[A]nd thence proceeded to the love of (all in) the nine classes of his kindred, who (thus) became harmonious. He (also) regulated and polished the people (of his domain).",
          "ref": "克明俊德,以親九族,九族既睦,平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "克明俊德,以亲九族,九族既睦,平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nKèmíng jùndé, yǐ qīn jiǔzú, jiǔzú jì mù, píngzhāng bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "相如既歸,趙王以為賢大夫,使不辱於諸侯,拜相如為上大夫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "相如既归,赵王以为贤大夫,使不辱于诸侯,拜相如为上大夫。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nXiàngrú jì guī, Zhào wáng yǐwéi xián dàfū, shǐ bù rǔ yú zhūhóu, bài Xiàngrú wéi shàngdàfū. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-6lM5bK68",
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 93 4 0 0 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 38 20 0 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 87 4 0 3 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 80 5 0 0 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Elementary Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "In autumn, in the seventh month, on [the day] Renchen, the first day of the moon, the sun was totally eclipsed.",
          "ref": "秋七月壬辰朔,日有食之,既。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
          "text": "From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nQiū qīyuè rénchén shuò, rì yǒu shí zhī, jì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-3yXf0GOZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "solar eclipse",
          "solar eclipse"
        ],
        [
          "lunar eclipse",
          "lunar eclipse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be finished; to end"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-tQzopq1z",
      "links": [
        [
          "finished",
          "finished"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to be finished; to end"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They are many, and we are few. Pray let us attack them, before they have all crossed over.",
          "ref": "彼眾我寡,及其未既濟也,請擊之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "彼众我寡,及其未既济也,请击之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nBǐ zhòng wǒ guǎ, jí qí wèi jì jì yě, qǐng jī zhī. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "all"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-XvXvA2S2",
      "links": [
        [
          "all",
          "all"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) all"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If I employ one who agrees with me, how can he, agreeing with me, do so correctly?",
          "ref": "使同乎我與若者正之,既同乎我與若矣,惡能正之! [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "使同乎我与若者正之,既同乎我与若矣,恶能正之! [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nShǐ tóng hū wǒ yǔ ruò zhě zhèng zhī, jì tóng hū wǒ yǔ ruò yǐ, wū néng zhèng zhī! [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "木骨閭既壯,免奴為騎卒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "木骨闾既壮,免奴为骑卒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 659 CE, Li Yanshou, History of the Northern Dynasties\nMùgǔlǘ jì zhuàng, miǎn nú wéi jìzú. [Pinyin]\nMugulü, because of his strength / his maturity (at 30-year-old), was emancipated from slavery and became a mounted warrior.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life",
          "ref": "耶和華神對蛇說:「你既做了這事,就必受咒詛,比一切的牲畜野獸更甚!你必用肚子行走,終身吃土。」 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "耶和华神对蛇说:「你既做了这事,就必受咒诅,比一切的牲畜野兽更甚!你必用肚子行走,终身吃土。」 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:14\nYēhéhuá Shén duì shé shuō: “Nǐ jì zuò le zhè shì, jiù bì shòu zhòuzǔ, bǐ yīqiè de shēngchù yěshòu gèngshèn! Nǐ bì yòng dùzi xíngzǒu, zhōngshēn chī tǔ.” [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since; as; now that"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-lbNfbdLu",
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ],
        [
          "as",
          "as"
        ],
        [
          "now that",
          "now that"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "smart and pretty",
          "roman": "jì cōngmíng yòu piàoliàng",
          "text": "既聰明又漂亮/既聪明又漂亮",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both . . . (and...); as well as"
      ],
      "id": "en-既-zh-character-i9GJ763O",
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "as well as",
          "as well as"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ki"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gé"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ci; ⁵ci"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ki"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gé"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛi²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kix"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ci; ⁵ci"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ci^平; ci^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ji; ²ji"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕi³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kj+jH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[k]ə[t]-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kɯds/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei̯³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛi²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[k]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[t]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kɯds/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "既"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已然"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已竟"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已就"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Guilin"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "可價"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yangjiang"
      ],
      "word": "應"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Huizhou",
        "Jixi"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Taipei"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Kaohsiung"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "現是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "既已經"
    }
  ],
  "word": "既"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese prepositions",
    "Chinese terms derived from Sino-Tibetan languages",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min adverbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min prepositions",
    "Elementary Mandarin",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yīrújìwǎng",
      "word": "一如既往"
    },
    {
      "word": "一言既出"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùjiùjìwǎng",
      "word": "不咎既往"
    },
    {
      "word": "不溯既往"
    },
    {
      "word": "不追既往"
    },
    {
      "word": "亥既珠"
    },
    {
      "word": "拜既"
    },
    {
      "word": "既不沙"
    },
    {
      "word": "既不索"
    },
    {
      "word": "既乃"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyǐ",
      "word": "既以"
    },
    {
      "word": "既位"
    },
    {
      "word": "既來之,則安之"
    },
    {
      "word": "既来之,则安之"
    },
    {
      "word": "既判力"
    },
    {
      "word": "既夕"
    },
    {
      "word": "既夕禮"
    },
    {
      "word": "既夕礼"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìdìng",
      "word": "既定"
    },
    {
      "word": "既已"
    },
    {
      "word": "既廩"
    },
    {
      "word": "既廪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìwǎng",
      "word": "既往"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìwǎngbùjiù",
      "word": "既往不咎"
    },
    {
      "word": "既後"
    },
    {
      "word": "既后"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìdé lìyì",
      "word": "既得利益"
    },
    {
      "word": "既得權"
    },
    {
      "word": "既得权"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìchéng",
      "word": "既成"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìchéng shìshí",
      "word": "既成事實"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìchéng shìshí",
      "word": "既成事实"
    },
    {
      "word": "既旬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshì",
      "word": "既是"
    },
    {
      "word": "既月"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyǒu",
      "word": "既有"
    },
    {
      "word": "既朔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìwàng",
      "word": "既望"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìsǐpò",
      "word": "既死霸"
    },
    {
      "word": "既死魄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìjì",
      "word": "既濟"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìjì",
      "word": "既济"
    },
    {
      "word": "既濟公"
    },
    {
      "word": "既济公"
    },
    {
      "word": "既灌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìrán",
      "word": "既然"
    },
    {
      "word": "既爾"
    },
    {
      "word": "既尔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshēngpò",
      "word": "既生霸"
    },
    {
      "word": "既生魄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshìgǎn",
      "word": "既視感"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshìgǎn",
      "word": "既视感"
    },
    {
      "word": "既立"
    },
    {
      "word": "既笄"
    },
    {
      "word": "既終"
    },
    {
      "word": "既终"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jì'ér",
      "word": "既而"
    },
    {
      "word": "既遂犯"
    },
    {
      "word": "既醉"
    },
    {
      "word": "既齔"
    },
    {
      "word": "既龀"
    },
    {
      "word": "時既"
    },
    {
      "word": "时既"
    },
    {
      "word": "東曦既駕"
    },
    {
      "word": "东曦既驾"
    },
    {
      "word": "無既"
    },
    {
      "word": "无既"
    },
    {
      "word": "皆既"
    },
    {
      "word": "終既"
    },
    {
      "word": "终既"
    },
    {
      "word": "罔既"
    },
    {
      "word": "羽翼既成"
    },
    {
      "word": "肆既"
    },
    {
      "word": "蝕既"
    },
    {
      "word": "蚀既"
    },
    {
      "word": "雍既"
    },
    {
      "word": "靡既"
    },
    {
      "word": "食既"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "訖",
        "2": "to finish"
      },
      "expansion": "訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "暨",
        "2": "to reach"
      },
      "expansion": "暨 (jì, “to reach”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Löffler (1966)"
      },
      "expansion": "Löffler (1966)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mro",
        "2": "ki",
        "3": "",
        "4": "complete"
      },
      "expansion": "Mru ki (“complete”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Maybe Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Exopassive (perfective) of 訖/讫 (qì, “to finish”); possibly cognate to 暨 (jì, “to reach”), yet see there.\nLöffler (1966) compares this to Mru ki (“complete”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "既",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to let bygones be bygones",
          "roman": "jìwǎngbùjiù",
          "text": "既往不咎",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "[A]nd thence proceeded to the love of (all in) the nine classes of his kindred, who (thus) became harmonious. He (also) regulated and polished the people (of his domain).",
          "ref": "克明俊德,以親九族,九族既睦,平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "克明俊德,以亲九族,九族既睦,平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nKèmíng jùndé, yǐ qīn jiǔzú, jiǔzú jì mù, píngzhāng bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "相如既歸,趙王以為賢大夫,使不辱於諸侯,拜相如為上大夫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "相如既归,赵王以为贤大夫,使不辱于诸侯,拜相如为上大夫。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nXiàngrú jì guī, Zhào wáng yǐwéi xián dàfū, shǐ bù rǔ yú zhūhóu, bài Xiàngrú wéi shàngdàfū. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "In autumn, in the seventh month, on [the day] Renchen, the first day of the moon, the sun was totally eclipsed.",
          "ref": "秋七月壬辰朔,日有食之,既。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
          "text": "From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nQiū qīyuè rénchén shuò, rì yǒu shí zhī, jì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "solar eclipse",
          "solar eclipse"
        ],
        [
          "lunar eclipse",
          "lunar eclipse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be finished; to end"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "finished",
          "finished"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to be finished; to end"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They are many, and we are few. Pray let us attack them, before they have all crossed over.",
          "ref": "彼眾我寡,及其未既濟也,請擊之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "彼众我寡,及其未既济也,请击之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nBǐ zhòng wǒ guǎ, jí qí wèi jì jì yě, qǐng jī zhī. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "all"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "all",
          "all"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) all"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Mandarin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If I employ one who agrees with me, how can he, agreeing with me, do so correctly?",
          "ref": "使同乎我與若者正之,既同乎我與若矣,惡能正之! [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "使同乎我与若者正之,既同乎我与若矣,恶能正之! [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nShǐ tóng hū wǒ yǔ ruò zhě zhèng zhī, jì tóng hū wǒ yǔ ruò yǐ, wū néng zhèng zhī! [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "木骨閭既壯,免奴為騎卒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "木骨闾既壮,免奴为骑卒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 659 CE, Li Yanshou, History of the Northern Dynasties\nMùgǔlǘ jì zhuàng, miǎn nú wéi jìzú. [Pinyin]\nMugulü, because of his strength / his maturity (at 30-year-old), was emancipated from slavery and became a mounted warrior.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life",
          "ref": "耶和華神對蛇說:「你既做了這事,就必受咒詛,比一切的牲畜野獸更甚!你必用肚子行走,終身吃土。」 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "耶和华神对蛇说:「你既做了这事,就必受咒诅,比一切的牲畜野兽更甚!你必用肚子行走,终身吃土。」 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:14\nYēhéhuá Shén duì shé shuō: “Nǐ jì zuò le zhè shì, jiù bì shòu zhòuzǔ, bǐ yīqiè de shēngchù yěshòu gèngshèn! Nǐ bì yòng dùzi xíngzǒu, zhōngshēn chī tǔ.” [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since; as; now that"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ],
        [
          "as",
          "as"
        ],
        [
          "now that",
          "now that"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "smart and pretty",
          "roman": "jì cōngmíng yòu piàoliàng",
          "text": "既聰明又漂亮/既聪明又漂亮",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both . . . (and...); as well as"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "as well as",
          "as well as"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ki"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gé"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ci; ⁵ci"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chi⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "géi³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ki"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gé"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛi²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kix"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ci; ⁵ci"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ci^平; ci^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ji; ²ji"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡ɕi³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kj+jH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[k]ə[t]-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kɯds/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei̯³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛi²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[k]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[t]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kɯds/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "既"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "業已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "已然"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已竟"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "已就"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Guilin"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "可價"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "經已"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yangjiang"
      ],
      "word": "應"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "既經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Huizhou",
        "Jixi"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Taipei"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Kaohsiung"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "現是"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "已經"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "既已經"
    }
  ],
  "word": "既"
}
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "既",
  "trace": ""
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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  "section": "Chinese",
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  "trace": ""
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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{
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  "title": "既",
  "trace": ""
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{
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  "subsection": "",
  "title": "既",
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{
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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{
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.