"奴" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /nu³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /nou̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ⁿdu²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /nu¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /nuŋ¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /nu¹¹/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /nu³³/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /nˡu⁵³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /lɔ²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen], /lɔ²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /lɔ¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /nɔ̃¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /nou⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /nu³⁵/, /nou̯²¹/, /ⁿdu²²/, /nu¹¹/, /nuŋ¹¹/, /nu¹¹/, /nu³³/, /nˡu⁵³/, /lɔ²⁴/, /lɔ²³/, /lɔ¹³/, /nɔ̃¹³/, /nou⁵⁵/, /nu²³/ Chinese transliterations: nú [Mandarin, Pinyin], nu² [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄋㄨˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], nou⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], nu³ [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], nù [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], nùng [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], nu² [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], nû, nù, lô͘ [Hokkien, POJ], nô͘ [Hokkien, POJ], nou⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁶nu, nú [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], nú [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], nu² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], nú [Mandarin, Yale], nu [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], ну [Mandarin, Palladius], nu [Mandarin, Palladius], nou⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], nòuh [Cantonese, Yale], nou⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], nou⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], nu³ [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], nù [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], nùng [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], nuˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], nungˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], nu² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], nung² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], nû [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], nù [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], lôo [Hokkien, Tai-lo], loo [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], nôo [Hokkien, Tai-lo], noo [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], nôu [POJ, Teochew], ⁶nu [Wu], nu^去 [Wu], ³nu [Wu], /nu²³/ [Wu], nu [Middle-Chinese], /*nˤa/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*naː/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Uncertain. *Possibly cognate with Mru nar (“servant”) & Awa-Khumi Chin tana (Löffler, 1960); *Ferlus (1999) relates this to 女 (OC *naʔ), which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”) which is possibly from Austroasiatic). * Unger (1990) groups 奴 (OC *naː) as well as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), & 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), in a word-family with the basic meaning "tense", hence 奴 (OC *naː)'s meaning "press into service". Etymology templates: {{unc|zh}} Uncertain, {{cog|mro|nar||servant}} Mru nar (“servant”), {{cog|cnk|tana|tana|}} Khumi Chin tana, {{zh-ref|Löffler, 1960}} Löffler, 1960, {{och-l|女|id=1}} 女 (OC *naʔ), {{och-l|嬯|servant, slave woman}} 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”), {{zh-ref|Unger (1990)}} Unger (1990), {{och-l|奴}} 奴 (OC *naː), {{och-l|努|to tense, to exert}} 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), {{och-l|弩|crossbow}} 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), {{och-l|怒|angry|id=2}} 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), {{och-l|奴}} 奴 (OC *naː) Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 奴
  1. slave; servant
    Sense id: en-奴-zh-character-CL-PGp2g
  2. (humble, polite) I Tags: humble, polite
    Sense id: en-奴-zh-character-qD3QzL~- Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant wikilinks
  3. (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait Tags: derogatory
    Sense id: en-奴-zh-character-rp8YqqvK
  4. to enslave
    Sense id: en-奴-zh-character-meCiGkbk Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese pronouns, Eastern Min pronouns, Northern Min pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 8 19 12 61 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 7 11 4 78 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 7 7 9 77 Disambiguation of Northern Min pronouns: 7 7 9 77
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 丁奴, 主奴, 九苞奴, 乾奴才, 干奴才, 五奴, 亞奴, 亚奴, 亡國奴 (wángguónú), 亡国奴 (wángguónú), 人奴, 人奴產子, 人奴产子, 仙奴, 俟奴, 俠奴, 侠奴, 倭奴, 倉奴, 仓奴, 傖奴, 伧奴, 傒奴, 傭奴, 佣奴, 僮奴, 僕奴, 仆奴, 儜奴, 佇奴, 儼奴, 俨奴, 兀地奴, 入主出奴, 六籍奴婢, 出奴入主, 劉寄奴 (liújìnú), 刘寄奴 (liújìnú), 匈奴 (Xiōngnú), 匈奴入侵, 北匈奴, 千奴, 千頭木奴, 千头木奴, 千頭橘奴, 千头橘奴, 卒奴, 南匈奴, 叱奴, 史奴比 (Shǐnúbǐ), 名利奴, 呼奴使婢, 囚奴, 大奴, 奚奴, 女奴 (nǚnú), 奴下, 奴使, 奴僇, 奴僕 (núpú), 奴仆 (núpú), 奴儕, 奴侪, 奴兵, 奴化 (núhuà), 奴哥, 奴奴, 奴婢 (núbì), 奴子, 奴官, 奴客, 奴家 (nújiā), 奴工, 奴廝兒, 奴厮儿, 奴役 (núyì), 奴從, 奴从, 奴性 (núxìng), 奴怯, 奴戮, 奴才 (núcái), 奴書, 奴书, 奴材 (núcái), 奴爾 (Nú'ěr), 奴尔 (Nú'ěr), 奴產子, 奴产子, 奴視, 奴视, 奴胎, 奴脣婢舌, 奴唇婢舌, 奴虜, 奴虏, 奴角, 奴輩, 奴辈, 奴隸 (núlì), 奴隶 (núlì), 奴隸主 (núlìzhǔ), 奴隶主 (núlìzhǔ), 奴隸主義, 奴隶主义, 奴顏 (núyán), 奴颜 (núyán), 奴顏婢睞, 奴颜婢睐, 奴顏婢膝 (núyánbìxī), 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī), 奴顏婢色, 奴颜婢色, 奴顏媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ), 奴颜媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ), 婢膝奴顏, 婢膝奴颜, 嬖奴, 守財奴 (shǒucáinú), 守财奴 (shǒucáinú), 守錢奴, 守钱奴, 官奴, 家奴 (jiānú), 宮奴, 宫奴, 家生奴, 寄奴, 小奚奴, 小奴, 尖奴, 尖頭奴, 尖头奴, 崑奴, 昆奴, 崑崙奴 (kūnlúnnú), 昆仑奴 (kūnlúnnú), 崑崙奴傳, 昆仑奴传, 常住奴, 常奴, 平頭奴, 平头奴, 平頭奴子, 平头奴子, 幹奴, 干奴, 庸奴, 引光奴, 徒奴, 從奴, 从奴, 念奴, 忤奴, 念奴嬌, 念奴娇, 恭奴, 惺惺奴, 戶奴, 户奴, 斑奴, 木奴, 李衡奴, 柔奴, 桀奴, 桃奴, 椎奴, 橘奴, 檀奴, 治書奴, 治书奴, 洲中奴, 洋奴 (yángnú), 潑奴胎, 泼奴胎, 火奴魯魯 (Huǒnúlǔlǔ), 火奴鲁鲁 (Huǒnúlǔlǔ), 烏舅金奴, 乌舅金奴, 燕奴, 燭奴, 烛奴, 牧奴, 牧豬奴, 牧猪奴, 牧豬奴戲, 牧猪奴戏, 狂奴, 狂奴故態, 狂奴故态, 狗奴, 狸奴 (línú), 獠奴, 玉奴, 玉奴粧, 玉奴妆, 玉川奴, 玉腰奴, 班奴, 瑞聖奴, 瑞圣奴, 瓊奴, 琼奴, 用事奴, 田奴, 田舍奴, 番奴, 瘖奴, 監奴, 监奴, 看財奴, 看财奴, 看錢奴, 看钱奴, 眾奴, 众奴, 矮奴 (óe-lô͘) [Min-Nan], 石奴, 秃奴, 禿奴, 私奴, 童奴, 竹奴, 美麗奴羊, 美丽奴羊, 老奴, 耕奴, 耕當問奴, 耕当问奴, 胡奴, 胡奴車, 胡奴车, 臊羯奴, 花奴, 花奴羯鼓, 花奴鼓, 荔奴, 荔枝奴 (lìzhīnú), 莊奴, 庄奴, 萎奴公, 蟹奴, 蠣奴, 蛎奴, 蠻奴, 蛮奴, 詩奴, 诗奴, 認奴作郎, 认奴作郎, 諧奴, 谐奴, 譂奴, 𫟠奴, 象奴 (xiàngnú), 豪奴, 豹奴, 貉奴, 貍奴, 狸奴, 貓奴 (māonú), 猫奴 (māonú), 賊奴, 贼奴, 賤奴, 贱奴, 農奴 (nóngnú), 农奴 (nóngnú), 農奴主, 农奴主, 農奴制 (nóngnúzhì), 农奴制 (nóngnúzhì), 農奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù), 农奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù), 逃奴, 郗家奴, 酪奴, 醜奴兒, 丑奴儿, 金奴, 金奴銀婢, 金奴银婢, 鈐奴, 钤奴, 鉗奴, 钳奴, 銜蟬奴, 衔蝉奴, 錢奴, 钱奴, 錫奴, 锡奴, 閹奴, 阉奴, 阿奴, 陪奴, 雁奴, 雅奴, 青奴, 頑奴, 顽奴, 顇奴, 悴奴, 飛奴, 飞奴, 馬奴, 马奴, 馬奴法典, 马奴法典, 騎奴, 骑奴, 騷奴, 骚奴, 騶奴, 驺奴, 騷達奴, 骚达奴, 驅奴, 驱奴, 髡奴, 髯奴, 鬼奴, 鮮卑奴, 鲜卑奴, 鮫奴, 鲛奴, 麥奴, 麦奴, 黃奴, 黄奴, 黃頭奴, 黄头奴, 黑奴 (hēinú), 齇奴, 齊奴, 齐奴, 齊奴物, 齐奴物, 龜奴, 龟奴

Download JSON data for 奴 meaning in Chinese (22.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "丁奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "主奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "九苞奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "乾奴才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "干奴才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "五奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "亞奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "亚奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "wángguónú",
      "word": "亡國奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "wángguónú",
      "word": "亡国奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "人奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "人奴產子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "人奴产子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仙奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "俟奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "俠奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "侠奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "倭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "倉奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仓奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "傖奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "伧奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "傒奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "傭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "佣奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僮奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "儜奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "佇奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "儼奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "俨奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "兀地奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "入主出奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "六籍奴婢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "出奴入主"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "liújìnú",
      "word": "劉寄奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "liújìnú",
      "word": "刘寄奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Xiōngnú",
      "word": "匈奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "匈奴入侵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "北匈奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "千奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "千頭木奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "千头木奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "千頭橘奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "千头橘奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "卒奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "南匈奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "叱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Shǐnúbǐ",
      "word": "史奴比"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "名利奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "呼奴使婢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "囚奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "大奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奚奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nǚnú",
      "word": "女奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴下"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴使"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴僇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴儕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴侪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴兵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núhuà",
      "word": "奴化"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴哥"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núbì",
      "word": "奴婢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴官"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴客"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nújiā",
      "word": "奴家"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴工"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴廝兒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴厮儿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyì",
      "word": "奴役"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴從"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴从"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núxìng",
      "word": "奴性"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴怯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴戮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núcái",
      "word": "奴才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴書"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴书"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núcái",
      "word": "奴材"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Nú'ěr",
      "word": "奴爾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Nú'ěr",
      "word": "奴尔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴產子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴产子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴視"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴视"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴胎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴脣婢舌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴唇婢舌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴虜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴虏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴角"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴輩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴辈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núlì",
      "word": "奴隸"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núlì",
      "word": "奴隶"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núlìzhǔ",
      "word": "奴隸主"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núlìzhǔ",
      "word": "奴隶主"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴隸主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴隶主义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyán",
      "word": "奴顏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyán",
      "word": "奴颜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴顏婢睞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴颜婢睐"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyánbìxī",
      "word": "奴顏婢膝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyánbìxī",
      "word": "奴颜婢膝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴顏婢色"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "奴颜婢色"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyánmèigǔ",
      "word": "奴顏媚骨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núyánmèigǔ",
      "word": "奴颜媚骨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢膝奴顏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢膝奴颜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "嬖奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shǒucáinú",
      "word": "守財奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shǒucáinú",
      "word": "守财奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "守錢奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "守钱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "官奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jiānú",
      "word": "家奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "宮奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "宫奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "家生奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "寄奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "小奚奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "小奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "尖奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "尖頭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "尖头奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "崑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "昆奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kūnlúnnú",
      "word": "崑崙奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kūnlúnnú",
      "word": "昆仑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "崑崙奴傳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "昆仑奴传"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "常住奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "常奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "平頭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "平头奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "平頭奴子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "平头奴子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "幹奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "干奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "庸奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "引光奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "徒奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "從奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "从奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "念奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "忤奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "念奴嬌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "念奴娇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "恭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "惺惺奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "戶奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "户奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "斑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "木奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "李衡奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "柔奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "桀奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "桃奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "椎奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "橘奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "檀奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "治書奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "治书奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "洲中奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yángnú",
      "word": "洋奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "潑奴胎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "泼奴胎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Huǒnúlǔlǔ",
      "word": "火奴魯魯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Huǒnúlǔlǔ",
      "word": "火奴鲁鲁"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "烏舅金奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "乌舅金奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "燕奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "燭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "烛奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "牧奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "牧豬奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "牧猪奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "牧豬奴戲"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "牧猪奴戏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狂奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狂奴故態"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狂奴故态"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狗奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "línú",
      "word": "狸奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "獠奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "玉奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "玉奴粧"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "玉奴妆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "玉川奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "玉腰奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "班奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "瑞聖奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "瑞圣奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "瓊奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "琼奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "用事奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "田奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "田舍奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "番奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "瘖奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "監奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "监奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "看財奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "看财奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "看錢奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "看钱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "眾奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "众奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "óe-lô͘",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "矮奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "石奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "秃奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "禿奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "私奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "童奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "竹奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "美麗奴羊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "美丽奴羊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "老奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "耕奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "耕當問奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "耕当问奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "胡奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "胡奴車"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "胡奴车"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "臊羯奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "花奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "花奴羯鼓"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "花奴鼓"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "荔奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lìzhīnú",
      "word": "荔枝奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "莊奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "庄奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "萎奴公"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蟹奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蠣奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蛎奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蠻奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "蛮奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "詩奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "诗奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "認奴作郎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "认奴作郎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "諧奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "谐奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "譂奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "𫟠奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "xiàngnú",
      "word": "象奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "豪奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "豹奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "貉奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "貍奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狸奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "māonú",
      "word": "貓奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "māonú",
      "word": "猫奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "賊奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "贼奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "賤奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "贱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnú",
      "word": "農奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnú",
      "word": "农奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "農奴主"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "农奴主"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnúzhì",
      "word": "農奴制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnúzhì",
      "word": "农奴制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
      "word": "農奴制度"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
      "word": "农奴制度"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "逃奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "郗家奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "酪奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "醜奴兒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "丑奴儿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "金奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "金奴銀婢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "金奴银婢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鈐奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "钤奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鉗奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "钳奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "銜蟬奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "衔蝉奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "錢奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "钱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "錫奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "锡奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "閹奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "阉奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "阿奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "陪奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "雁奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "雅奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "青奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "頑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "顽奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "顇奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "悴奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "飛奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "飞奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "馬奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "马奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "馬奴法典"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "马奴法典"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "騎奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "骑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "騷奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "骚奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "騶奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "驺奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "騷達奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "骚达奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "驅奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "驱奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "髡奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "髯奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鬼奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鮮卑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鲜卑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鮫奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鲛奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "麥奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "麦奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "黃奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "黄奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "黃頭奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "黄头奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hēinú",
      "word": "黑奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "齇奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "齊奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "齐奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "齊奴物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "齐奴物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "龜奴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "龟奴"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mro",
        "2": "nar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Mru nar (“servant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnk",
        "2": "tana",
        "3": "tana",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Khumi Chin tana",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Löffler, 1960"
      },
      "expansion": "Löffler, 1960",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "女",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "女 (OC *naʔ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嬯",
        "2": "servant, slave woman"
      },
      "expansion": "嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Unger (1990)"
      },
      "expansion": "Unger (1990)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "奴"
      },
      "expansion": "奴 (OC *naː)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "努",
        "2": "to tense, to exert"
      },
      "expansion": "努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "弩",
        "2": "crossbow"
      },
      "expansion": "弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "怒",
        "2": "angry",
        "id": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "奴"
      },
      "expansion": "奴 (OC *naː)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n*Possibly cognate with Mru nar (“servant”) & Awa-Khumi Chin tana (Löffler, 1960);\n*Ferlus (1999) relates this to 女 (OC *naʔ), which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”) which is possibly from Austroasiatic).\n* Unger (1990) groups 奴 (OC *naː) as well as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), & 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), in a word-family with the basic meaning \"tense\", hence 奴 (OC *naː)'s meaning \"press into service\".",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "奴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "slave; servant"
      ],
      "id": "en-奴-zh-character-CL-PGp2g",
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "爹娘生下奴就沒有照管 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "爹娘生下奴就没有照管 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 白光 (báiguāng)《嘆十聲》\ndiēniáng shēngxià nú jiù méiyǒu zhàoguǎn [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "I"
      ],
      "id": "en-奴-zh-character-qD3QzL~-",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(humble, polite) I"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "a person associated with a particular identity or trait"
      ],
      "id": "en-奴-zh-character-rp8YqqvK",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "identity",
          "identity"
        ],
        [
          "trait",
          "trait"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 19 12 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 11 4 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 7 9 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 7 9 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to enslave"
      ],
      "id": "en-奴-zh-character-meCiGkbk",
      "links": [
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄋㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "nû"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lô͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nô͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ну"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nòuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nungˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nung²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nuŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡu⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lôo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nôo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "noo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɔ̃¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nôu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/nu²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nˤa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*naː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nuŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡu⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɔ̃¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*nˤa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*naː/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Austroasiatic languages"
  ],
  "word": "奴"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese pronouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Eastern Min pronouns",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min nouns",
    "Northern Min pronouns",
    "Northern Min verbs",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "丁奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "主奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "九苞奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "乾奴才"
    },
    {
      "word": "干奴才"
    },
    {
      "word": "五奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "亞奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "亚奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wángguónú",
      "word": "亡國奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wángguónú",
      "word": "亡国奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "人奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "人奴產子"
    },
    {
      "word": "人奴产子"
    },
    {
      "word": "仙奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "俟奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "俠奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "侠奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "倭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "倉奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "仓奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "傖奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "伧奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "傒奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "傭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "佣奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "僮奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "儜奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "佇奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "儼奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "俨奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "兀地奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "入主出奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "六籍奴婢"
    },
    {
      "word": "出奴入主"
    },
    {
      "roman": "liújìnú",
      "word": "劉寄奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "liújìnú",
      "word": "刘寄奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xiōngnú",
      "word": "匈奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "匈奴入侵"
    },
    {
      "word": "北匈奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "千奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "千頭木奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "千头木奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "千頭橘奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "千头橘奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "卒奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "南匈奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "叱奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Shǐnúbǐ",
      "word": "史奴比"
    },
    {
      "word": "名利奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "呼奴使婢"
    },
    {
      "word": "囚奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "大奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "奚奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǚnú",
      "word": "女奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴下"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴使"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴僇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴儕"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴侪"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴兵"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núhuà",
      "word": "奴化"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴哥"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núbì",
      "word": "奴婢"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴子"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴官"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴客"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nújiā",
      "word": "奴家"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴工"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴廝兒"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴厮儿"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyì",
      "word": "奴役"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴從"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴从"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núxìng",
      "word": "奴性"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴怯"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴戮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núcái",
      "word": "奴才"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴書"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴书"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núcái",
      "word": "奴材"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nú'ěr",
      "word": "奴爾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nú'ěr",
      "word": "奴尔"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴產子"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴产子"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴視"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴视"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴胎"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴脣婢舌"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴唇婢舌"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴虜"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴虏"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴角"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴輩"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴辈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núlì",
      "word": "奴隸"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núlì",
      "word": "奴隶"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núlìzhǔ",
      "word": "奴隸主"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núlìzhǔ",
      "word": "奴隶主"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴隸主義"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴隶主义"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyán",
      "word": "奴顏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyán",
      "word": "奴颜"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴顏婢睞"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴颜婢睐"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyánbìxī",
      "word": "奴顏婢膝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyánbìxī",
      "word": "奴颜婢膝"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴顏婢色"
    },
    {
      "word": "奴颜婢色"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyánmèigǔ",
      "word": "奴顏媚骨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núyánmèigǔ",
      "word": "奴颜媚骨"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢膝奴顏"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢膝奴颜"
    },
    {
      "word": "嬖奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shǒucáinú",
      "word": "守財奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shǒucáinú",
      "word": "守财奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "守錢奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "守钱奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "官奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānú",
      "word": "家奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "宮奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "宫奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "家生奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "寄奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "小奚奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "小奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "尖奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "尖頭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "尖头奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "崑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "昆奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kūnlúnnú",
      "word": "崑崙奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kūnlúnnú",
      "word": "昆仑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "崑崙奴傳"
    },
    {
      "word": "昆仑奴传"
    },
    {
      "word": "常住奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "常奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "平頭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "平头奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "平頭奴子"
    },
    {
      "word": "平头奴子"
    },
    {
      "word": "幹奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "干奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "庸奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "引光奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "徒奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "從奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "从奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "念奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "忤奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "念奴嬌"
    },
    {
      "word": "念奴娇"
    },
    {
      "word": "恭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "惺惺奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "戶奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "户奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "斑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "木奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "李衡奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "柔奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "桀奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "桃奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "椎奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "橘奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "檀奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "治書奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "治书奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "洲中奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yángnú",
      "word": "洋奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "潑奴胎"
    },
    {
      "word": "泼奴胎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Huǒnúlǔlǔ",
      "word": "火奴魯魯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Huǒnúlǔlǔ",
      "word": "火奴鲁鲁"
    },
    {
      "word": "烏舅金奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "乌舅金奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "燕奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "燭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "烛奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "牧奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "牧豬奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "牧猪奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "牧豬奴戲"
    },
    {
      "word": "牧猪奴戏"
    },
    {
      "word": "狂奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "狂奴故態"
    },
    {
      "word": "狂奴故态"
    },
    {
      "word": "狗奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "línú",
      "word": "狸奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "獠奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "玉奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "玉奴粧"
    },
    {
      "word": "玉奴妆"
    },
    {
      "word": "玉川奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "玉腰奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "班奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "瑞聖奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "瑞圣奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "瓊奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "琼奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "用事奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "田奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "田舍奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "番奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "瘖奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "監奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "监奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "看財奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "看财奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "看錢奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "看钱奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "眾奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "众奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "óe-lô͘",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "矮奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "石奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "秃奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "禿奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "私奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "童奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "竹奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "美麗奴羊"
    },
    {
      "word": "美丽奴羊"
    },
    {
      "word": "老奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "耕奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "耕當問奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "耕当问奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "胡奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "胡奴車"
    },
    {
      "word": "胡奴车"
    },
    {
      "word": "臊羯奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "花奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "花奴羯鼓"
    },
    {
      "word": "花奴鼓"
    },
    {
      "word": "荔奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lìzhīnú",
      "word": "荔枝奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "莊奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "庄奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "萎奴公"
    },
    {
      "word": "蟹奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "蠣奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "蛎奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "蠻奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "蛮奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "詩奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "诗奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "認奴作郎"
    },
    {
      "word": "认奴作郎"
    },
    {
      "word": "諧奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "谐奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "譂奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "𫟠奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiàngnú",
      "word": "象奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "豪奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "豹奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "貉奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "貍奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "狸奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "māonú",
      "word": "貓奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "māonú",
      "word": "猫奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "賊奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "贼奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "賤奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "贱奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnú",
      "word": "農奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnú",
      "word": "农奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "農奴主"
    },
    {
      "word": "农奴主"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnúzhì",
      "word": "農奴制"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnúzhì",
      "word": "农奴制"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
      "word": "農奴制度"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
      "word": "农奴制度"
    },
    {
      "word": "逃奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "郗家奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "酪奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "醜奴兒"
    },
    {
      "word": "丑奴儿"
    },
    {
      "word": "金奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "金奴銀婢"
    },
    {
      "word": "金奴银婢"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈐奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "钤奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鉗奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "钳奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "銜蟬奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "衔蝉奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "錢奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "钱奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "錫奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "锡奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "閹奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "阉奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "阿奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "陪奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "雁奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "雅奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "青奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "頑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "顽奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "顇奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "悴奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "飛奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "飞奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "馬奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "马奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "馬奴法典"
    },
    {
      "word": "马奴法典"
    },
    {
      "word": "騎奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "骑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "騷奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "骚奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "騶奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "驺奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "騷達奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "骚达奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "驅奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "驱奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "髡奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "髯奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鬼奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鮮卑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鲜卑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鮫奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鲛奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "麥奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "麦奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "黃奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "黃頭奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄头奴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hēinú",
      "word": "黑奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "齇奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "齊奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "齐奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "齊奴物"
    },
    {
      "word": "齐奴物"
    },
    {
      "word": "龜奴"
    },
    {
      "word": "龟奴"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mro",
        "2": "nar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Mru nar (“servant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnk",
        "2": "tana",
        "3": "tana",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Khumi Chin tana",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Löffler, 1960"
      },
      "expansion": "Löffler, 1960",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "女",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "女 (OC *naʔ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嬯",
        "2": "servant, slave woman"
      },
      "expansion": "嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Unger (1990)"
      },
      "expansion": "Unger (1990)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "奴"
      },
      "expansion": "奴 (OC *naː)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "努",
        "2": "to tense, to exert"
      },
      "expansion": "努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "弩",
        "2": "crossbow"
      },
      "expansion": "弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "怒",
        "2": "angry",
        "id": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "奴"
      },
      "expansion": "奴 (OC *naː)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n*Possibly cognate with Mru nar (“servant”) & Awa-Khumi Chin tana (Löffler, 1960);\n*Ferlus (1999) relates this to 女 (OC *naʔ), which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”) which is possibly from Austroasiatic).\n* Unger (1990) groups 奴 (OC *naː) as well as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), & 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), in a word-family with the basic meaning \"tense\", hence 奴 (OC *naː)'s meaning \"press into service\".",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "奴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "slave; servant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese humble terms",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese polite terms",
        "Mandarin terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "爹娘生下奴就沒有照管 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "爹娘生下奴就没有照管 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 白光 (báiguāng)《嘆十聲》\ndiēniáng shēngxià nú jiù méiyǒu zhàoguǎn [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "I"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(humble, polite) I"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a person associated with a particular identity or trait"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "identity",
          "identity"
        ],
        [
          "trait",
          "trait"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enslave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄋㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "nû"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lô͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nô͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ну"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nòuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nou⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdu²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nungˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nung²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nuŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡu⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lôo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nôo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "noo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɔ̃¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nôu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/nu²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nˤa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*naː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdu²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nuŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡu⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔ¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɔ̃¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nou⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nu²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*nˤa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*naː/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Austroasiatic languages"
  ],
  "word": "奴"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "奴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "奴",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.