See sward on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sward meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "greensward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "swardy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swearð",
"t": "rind; skin"
},
"expansion": "swearð (“rind; skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sward (countable and uncountable, plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 3 31 11 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-ehigTPXi",
"links": [
[
"Earth",
"earth#Noun"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#Noun"
],
[
"greensward",
"greensward"
],
[
"sod",
"sod#Noun"
],
[
"turf",
"turf#Noun"
],
[
"portion",
"portion#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čim",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чим"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "tarló"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erba"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zolla"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "darń"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "pajiște"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 4 20 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djorn",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дёрн"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-ucf21m5R",
"links": [
[
"expanse",
"expanse"
],
[
"land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"lawn",
"lawn"
],
[
"meadow",
"meadow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "field"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morava",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морава"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "mező"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "kaszáló"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "báinseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prato"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gazón",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "газо́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lug",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луг"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 3 31 11 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-WI-Erybu",
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 3 31 11 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun--SDUDswD",
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete except British, dialectal) The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swarth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swerd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "swarded"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swearð",
"t": "rind; skin"
},
"expansion": "swearð (“rind; skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (third-person singular simple present swards, present participle swarding, simple past and past participle swarded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-verb-6sRUcoZ5",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"sward",
"sward#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrevjavam",
"sense": "to cover (ground, etc.) with sward",
"word": "затревявам"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, Gabriel Plattes, in a letter in Hartlib's Legacy (1655), page 236",
"text": "[Land...] will not sward again […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, Thomas Hamilton Haddington, A Short Treatise on Forest-trees, page 45",
"text": "[…] for the ground immediately after corn is many years before it swards, and […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Professional Notes, volume 5, page 256",
"text": "... with soil of a similar character, several fields have been laid down and ploughed up again under the old plea that they will not sward.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-verb-XGIf3q8k",
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sword",
"3": "pardner",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "blend of sword + pardner",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a blend of sword + pardner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 21 20 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 3 31 11 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 2 14 14 26 1 1 10 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 14 14 28 1 1 10 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swardspeak"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A homosexual man."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-C8NhA3EL",
"links": [
[
"homosexual",
"homosexual"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines) A homosexual man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "male homosexual"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sward"
},
"expansion": "English: sward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sward"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "swaird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: swaird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: swaird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse svǫrðr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sweard, from Proto-Germanic *swarduz; compare Old Norse svǫrðr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "sward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 10 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sward: a location where grass exists."
],
"id": "en-sward-enm-noun-59ZQ5o-o",
"links": [
[
"Sward",
"sward#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 10 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Skin, especially that on meat."
],
"id": "en-sward-enm-noun-zEAjoW~~",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English) Skin, especially that on meat."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 10 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sward: The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"id": "en-sward-enm-noun-ivQIlxcC",
"links": [
[
"Sward",
"sward#English"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsward/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswarθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛrd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swerde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swarthe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swarth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "suarth"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "greensward"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "swardy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swearð",
"t": "rind; skin"
},
"expansion": "swearð (“rind; skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sward (countable and uncountable, plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"links": [
[
"Earth",
"earth#Noun"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#Noun"
],
[
"greensward",
"greensward"
],
[
"sod",
"sod#Noun"
],
[
"turf",
"turf#Noun"
],
[
"portion",
"portion#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"links": [
[
"expanse",
"expanse"
],
[
"land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"lawn",
"lawn"
],
[
"meadow",
"meadow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "field"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete except British, dialectal) The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swarth"
},
{
"word": "swart"
},
{
"word": "swerd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čim",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чим"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "tarló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erba"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zolla"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "darń"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"word": "pajiște"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djorn",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf — see also earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth: sod,turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дёрн"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morava",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морава"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelouse"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "mező"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "kaszáló"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "báinseach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prato"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gazón",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "газо́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lug",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луг"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "swarded"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swearð",
"t": "rind; skin"
},
"expansion": "swearð (“rind; skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (third-person singular simple present swards, present participle swarding, simple past and past participle swarded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"sward",
"sward#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, Gabriel Plattes, in a letter in Hartlib's Legacy (1655), page 236",
"text": "[Land...] will not sward again […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, Thomas Hamilton Haddington, A Short Treatise on Forest-trees, page 45",
"text": "[…] for the ground immediately after corn is many years before it swards, and […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Professional Notes, volume 5, page 256",
"text": "... with soil of a similar character, several fields have been laid down and ploughed up again under the old plea that they will not sward.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrevjavam",
"sense": "to cover (ground, etc.) with sward",
"word": "затревявам"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swardspeak"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sword",
"3": "pardner",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "blend of sword + pardner",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a blend of sword + pardner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Philippine English"
],
"glosses": [
"A homosexual man."
],
"links": [
[
"homosexual",
"homosexual"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines) A homosexual man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "male homosexual"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sward"
},
"expansion": "English: sward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sward"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "swaird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: swaird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: swaird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse svǫrðr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sweard, from Proto-Germanic *swarduz; compare Old Norse svǫrðr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "sward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Sward: a location where grass exists."
],
"links": [
[
"Sward",
"sward#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"Skin, especially that on meat."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English) Skin, especially that on meat."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Sward: The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"links": [
[
"Sward",
"sward#English"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsward/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswarθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛrd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"word": "swerde"
},
{
"word": "swarde"
},
{
"word": "swarthe"
},
{
"word": "swarth"
},
{
"word": "suarth"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.