See sward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "greensward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "swardy"
}
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"name": "inh"
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{
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"name": "inh"
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"tags": [
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{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 429–433:",
"text": "His eyes he op'nd, and beheld a field, / Part arable and tilth, whereon were Sheaves / New reapt, the other part ſheep-walks and foulds; / Ith' midſt an Altar as the Land-mark ſtood / Ruſtic, of graſſie ſord; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “Œnone”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza I, page 51:",
"text": "There is a dale in Ida, lovelier / Than any in old Ionia, beautiful / With emerald slopes of sunny sward, that lean / Above the loud glenriver, which hath worn / A path thro' steepdown granite walls below / Mantled with flowering tendriltwine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XIII, in Ernest Maltravers […] , volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book I, pages 125–126:",
"text": "The road wound through the greenest sward, in which trees of venerable growth were relieved by a profusion of shrubs, and flowers gathered into baskets intertwined with creepers, or blooming from Etruscan vases, placed with a tasteful and classic care, in such spots as required filling up, and harmonised well with the object chosen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “Earl Warwick, the King-maker”, in The Last of the Barons, volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The King’s Court), page 172:",
"text": "[F]or garden it was called, though consisting but of plots of sward, bordered by fruit trees, and white rose trees not yet in blossom, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "And long we gazed, but satiated at length / Came to the ruins. High-arch'd and ivy-claspt, / Of finest Gothic, lighter than a fire, / Thro' one wide chasm of time and frost they gave / The park, the crowd, the house; but all within / The sward was trim as any garden lawn: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-ehigTPXi",
"links": [
[
"Earth",
"earth#Noun"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
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[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"upper",
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],
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"layer",
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"greensward"
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[
"sod",
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[
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]
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"(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čim",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чим"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "fr",
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"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "tarló"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erba"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zolla"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "pl",
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"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "darń"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "pajiște"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 4 17 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djorn",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дёрн"
}
]
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{
"ref": "1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The First Gun”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 9–10:",
"text": "It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1891, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “How Strange Things Befell in Minstead Wood”, in The White Company, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass.: Thomas Y[oung] Crowell & Company […], →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "[O]f a sudden the trees began to thin and the sward to spread out onto a broad, green lawn, where five cows lay in the sunshine and droves of black swine wandered unchecked.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Booth Tarkington, chapter XIII, in The Magnificent Ambersons, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 197:",
"text": "Only where George stood was there left a sward as of yore; the great, level, green lawn that served for both the Major's house and his daughter's.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-ucf21m5R",
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"(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
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{
"word": "field"
}
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"countable"
],
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"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morava",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морава"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
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"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "mező"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "kaszáló"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "báinseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prato"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gazón",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "газо́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 90 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lug",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луг"
}
]
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"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVI.] Of the Boughs, Barke, and Roots of Trees.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 477:",
"text": "The roots of the Apple-tree, Olive, and Cypreſſe, lie very ebbe, and creepe hard under the ſourd of the ground.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-WI-Erybu",
"links": [
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"tags": [
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"kind": "other",
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"glosses": [
"The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun--SDUDswD",
"links": [
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"qualifier": "obsolete except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete except British, dialectal) The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
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],
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"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
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"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swarth"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swart"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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"wikipedia": [
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"United States Navy"
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"word": "sward"
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{
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"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "swarding",
"tags": [
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{
"categories": [],
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"To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-verb-6sRUcoZ5",
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"(transitive) To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrevjavam",
"sense": "to cover (ground, etc.) with sward",
"word": "затревявам"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, Gabriel Plattes, in a letter in Hartlib's Legacy (1655), page 236",
"text": "[Land...] will not sward again […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, Thomas Hamilton Haddington, A Short Treatise on Forest-trees, page 45:",
"text": "[…] for the ground immediately after corn is many years before it swards, and […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Professional Notes, volume 5, page 256:",
"text": "... with soil of a similar character, several fields have been laid down and ploughed up again under the old plea that they will not sward.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-verb-XGIf3q8k",
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"covering",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"United States Navy"
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"word": "sward"
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"etymology_number": 2,
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"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a blend of sword + pardner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 15 18 19 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swardspeak"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A homosexual man."
],
"id": "en-sward-en-noun-C8NhA3EL",
"links": [
[
"homosexual",
"homosexual"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines) A homosexual man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "male homosexual"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "greensward"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "swardy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sward (countable and uncountable, plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 429–433:",
"text": "His eyes he op'nd, and beheld a field, / Part arable and tilth, whereon were Sheaves / New reapt, the other part ſheep-walks and foulds; / Ith' midſt an Altar as the Land-mark ſtood / Ruſtic, of graſſie ſord; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “Œnone”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza I, page 51:",
"text": "There is a dale in Ida, lovelier / Than any in old Ionia, beautiful / With emerald slopes of sunny sward, that lean / Above the loud glenriver, which hath worn / A path thro' steepdown granite walls below / Mantled with flowering tendriltwine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XIII, in Ernest Maltravers […] , volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book I, pages 125–126:",
"text": "The road wound through the greenest sward, in which trees of venerable growth were relieved by a profusion of shrubs, and flowers gathered into baskets intertwined with creepers, or blooming from Etruscan vases, placed with a tasteful and classic care, in such spots as required filling up, and harmonised well with the object chosen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “Earl Warwick, the King-maker”, in The Last of the Barons, volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The King’s Court), page 172:",
"text": "[F]or garden it was called, though consisting but of plots of sward, bordered by fruit trees, and white rose trees not yet in blossom, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "And long we gazed, but satiated at length / Came to the ruins. High-arch'd and ivy-claspt, / Of finest Gothic, lighter than a fire, / Thro' one wide chasm of time and frost they gave / The park, the crowd, the house; but all within / The sward was trim as any garden lawn: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"links": [
[
"Earth",
"earth#Noun"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#Noun"
],
[
"greensward",
"greensward"
],
[
"sod",
"sod#Noun"
],
[
"turf",
"turf#Noun"
],
[
"portion",
"portion#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The First Gun”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 9–10:",
"text": "It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “How Strange Things Befell in Minstead Wood”, in The White Company, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass.: Thomas Y[oung] Crowell & Company […], →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "[O]f a sudden the trees began to thin and the sward to spread out onto a broad, green lawn, where five cows lay in the sunshine and droves of black swine wandered unchecked.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Booth Tarkington, chapter XIII, in The Magnificent Ambersons, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 197:",
"text": "Only where George stood was there left a sward as of yore; the great, level, green lawn that served for both the Major's house and his daughter's.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"links": [
[
"expanse",
"expanse"
],
[
"land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"lawn",
"lawn"
],
[
"meadow",
"meadow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "field"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVI.] Of the Boughs, Barke, and Roots of Trees.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 477:",
"text": "The roots of the Apple-tree, Olive, and Cypreſſe, lie very ebbe, and creepe hard under the ſourd of the ground.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The upper layer of the ground, especially when vegetation is growing on it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete except British, dialectal) The rind of bacon or pork; also, the outer covering or skin of something."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swarth"
},
{
"word": "swart"
},
{
"word": "swerd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čim",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чим"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "tarló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erba"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zolla"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "darń"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gazon"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"word": "pajiște"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djorn",
"sense": "earth into the upper layer of which grass has grown; portion of such earth; sod; turf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дёрн"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morava",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морава"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelouse"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "mező"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"word": "kaszáló"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "báinseach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prato"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarbă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gazón",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "газо́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lug",
"sense": "expanse of land covered in grass; lawn, meadow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луг"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "swarded"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sward",
"t": "rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sard, sart, sarth, sarthe, suerd, swad, swarde, swarffe, swarth, swarthe, swerd, swerde, sworde, sworte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz",
"t": "rind; tough skin; turf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English sward (“rind; skin; calloused skin; leather strap; sod, turf”) [and other forms], from Old English sweard, swearð (“rind; skin”), from Proto-Germanic *swarduz (“rind; tough skin; turf”); further etymology unknown.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swarding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swarded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (third-person singular simple present swards, present participle swarding, simple past and past participle swarded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"sward",
"sward#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover (ground, etc.) with sward."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, Gabriel Plattes, in a letter in Hartlib's Legacy (1655), page 236",
"text": "[Land...] will not sward again […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, Thomas Hamilton Haddington, A Short Treatise on Forest-trees, page 45:",
"text": "[…] for the ground immediately after corn is many years before it swards, and […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Professional Notes, volume 5, page 256:",
"text": "... with soil of a similar character, several fields have been laid down and ploughed up again under the old plea that they will not sward.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"covering",
"covering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of ground, etc.: to be covered with sward; to develop a covering of sward."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrevjavam",
"sense": "to cover (ground, etc.) with sward",
"word": "затревявам"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Habitat for Humanity",
"United States Navy"
],
"word": "sward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swardspeak"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sword",
"3": "pardner",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "blend of sword + pardner",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a blend of sword + pardner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sward (plural swards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Philippine English"
],
"glosses": [
"A homosexual man."
],
"links": [
[
"homosexual",
"homosexual"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines) A homosexual man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "male homosexual"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sward.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"word": "sward"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sward meaning in English (18.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.