See spere on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for spere meaning in All languages combined (17.7kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fixed structure between the great hall and the screens passage in an English medieval timber house."
],
"id": "en-spere-en-noun-HqYiaEQb",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"screens passage",
"screens passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) The fixed structure between the great hall and the screens passage in an English medieval timber house."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sperren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sperren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sperran",
"4": "",
"5": "to put up rafters, beams; to barricade"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sperran (“to put up rafters, beams; to barricade”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sper",
"3": "",
"4": "spear"
},
"expansion": "sper (“spear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sperren, from Old High German sperran (“to put up rafters, beams; to barricade”), from sper (“spear”), from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Alemannic German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urner Alemannic German",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to block, to bar"
],
"id": "en-spere-gsw-verb-6opZB8vP",
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Uri) to block, to bar"
],
"tags": [
"Uri"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "seprat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular future of seprat"
],
"id": "en-spere-cs-verb-bNerBPUh",
"links": [
[
"seprat",
"seprat#Czech"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sepere"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛrɛ]"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: speer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: speer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "spaer"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: spaer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: spaer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *speru, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere f or n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "spere f or n",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spear, lance"
],
"id": "en-spere-dum-noun-AiRhEePw",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spearman, lancer"
],
"id": "en-spere-dum-noun-t1gtnBR5",
"links": [
[
"spearman",
"spearman"
],
[
"lancer",
"lancer"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spere-hed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spere schaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sperwort"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "English: spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spere",
"3": "speir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: spere, speir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: spere, speir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English spere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English spere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English spere, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sperren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "sperren"
},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres or sperren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A spear or lance."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-enm:spear",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:spear"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 36 2 5 8 6 7 4 4 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Polearms",
"orig": "enm:Polearms",
"parents": [
"Weapons",
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Lance of Longinus."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-j793znrr",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) The Lance of Longinus."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A barb or point."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-yaIFw2R0",
"links": [
[
"barb",
"barb"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 14 4 23 10 8 12 10 9 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 4 24 10 8 12 10 9 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spearman; a soldier who wields a spear."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-zB52kOcf",
"links": [
[
"spearman",
"spearman"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spære"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "speer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sperre"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sphere"
},
"expansion": "English: sphere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sphere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sphere",
"3": "spere"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sphere, spere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sphere, spere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sphere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French sphere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sphere"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French sphere",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "sphaera"
},
"expansion": "Latin sphaera",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σφαῖρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French sphere, from Latin sphaera, from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "enm:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cosmos, outer space"
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-1CtQLtGa",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
],
[
"outer space",
"outer space"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) The cosmos, outer space"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A globe or sphere representing outer space."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-puycg03K"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "enm:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The supposed outer sphere of the cosmos, the primum mobile."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-fYszZTHJ",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"primum mobile",
"primum mobile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) The supposed outer sphere of the cosmos, the primum mobile."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 3 6 8 17 18 27 7 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shapes",
"orig": "enm:Shapes",
"parents": [
"Geometry",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sphere, ball, a spherical object."
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-enm:sphere",
"links": [
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"spherical",
"spherical"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:sphere"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspeːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sphere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spire"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spere"
},
"expansion": "English: spere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "spera"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin spera",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin spera.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"partition, divider"
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-enm:partition",
"links": [
[
"partition",
"partition"
],
[
"divider",
"divider"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:partition"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spure"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sperre"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sparre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sparre"
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-noun-tkeQz1va",
"links": [
[
"sparre",
"sparre#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to close",
"word": "sparren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sparren (“to close”)"
],
"id": "en-spere-enm-verb-4WyLVcFJ",
"links": [
[
"sparren",
"sparren#Middle_English:_to_close"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spere",
"3": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: spere, spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: spere, spear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "English: spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sperH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian spear",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch speer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sper"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sper",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speer"
},
"expansion": "German Speer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spjǫr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse spjǫr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. Cognate with West Frisian spear, Dutch speer, Old High German sper (German Speer), Old Norse spjǫr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speru",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "speru",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere n (nominative plural speru)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "speru"
},
"expansion": "spere n (nominative plural speru)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sper",
"nomsg": "spere",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "spere",
"2": "speru",
"3": "spere",
"4": "speru",
"5": "speres",
"6": "spera",
"7": "spere",
"8": "sperum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "ang:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spear, lance, pike, javelin"
],
"id": "en-spere-ang-noun-f1-3hsHZ",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspe.re/"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "spera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of spera"
],
"id": "en-spere-ro-verb-rcNcw6aP",
"links": [
[
"spera",
"spera#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspere]"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sperren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sperren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sperran",
"4": "",
"5": "to put up rafters, beams; to barricade"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sperran (“to put up rafters, beams; to barricade”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sper",
"3": "",
"4": "spear"
},
"expansion": "sper (“spear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sperren, from Old High German sperran (“to put up rafters, beams; to barricade”), from sper (“spear”), from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Alemannic German entries with incorrect language header",
"Alemannic German lemmas",
"Alemannic German terms derived from Middle High German",
"Alemannic German terms derived from Old High German",
"Alemannic German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Alemannic German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Alemannic German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Alemannic German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Alemannic German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Alemannic German verbs",
"Urner Alemannic German"
],
"glosses": [
"to block, to bar"
],
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Uri) to block, to bar"
],
"tags": [
"Uri"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech non-lemma forms",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "seprat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular future of seprat"
],
"links": [
[
"seprat",
"seprat#Czech"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sepere"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛrɛ]"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"en:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"The fixed structure between the great hall and the screens passage in an English medieval timber house."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"screens passage",
"screens passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) The fixed structure between the great hall and the screens passage in an English medieval timber house."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch feminine nouns",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch neuter nouns",
"Middle Dutch nouns",
"Middle Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: speer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: speer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "spaer"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: spaer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: spaer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *speru, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere f or n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "spere f or n",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spear, lance"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spearman, lancer"
],
"links": [
[
"spearman",
"spearman"
],
[
"lancer",
"lancer"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Shapes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spere-hed"
},
{
"word": "spere schaft"
},
{
"word": "sperwort"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "English: spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spere",
"3": "speir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: spere, speir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: spere, speir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English spere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English spere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English spere, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sperren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "sperren"
},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres or sperren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A spear or lance."
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:spear"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"The Lance of Longinus."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) The Lance of Longinus."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A barb or point."
],
"links": [
[
"barb",
"barb"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A spearman; a soldier who wields a spear."
],
"links": [
[
"spearman",
"spearman"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spære"
},
{
"word": "spear"
},
{
"word": "speer"
},
{
"word": "sper"
},
{
"word": "sperre"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Shapes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sphere"
},
"expansion": "English: sphere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sphere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sphere",
"3": "spere"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sphere, spere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sphere, spere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sphere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French sphere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sphere"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French sphere",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "sphaera"
},
"expansion": "Latin sphaera",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σφαῖρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French sphere, from Latin sphaera, from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The cosmos, outer space"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
],
[
"outer space",
"outer space"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) The cosmos, outer space"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A globe or sphere representing outer space."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The supposed outer sphere of the cosmos, the primum mobile."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"primum mobile",
"primum mobile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) The supposed outer sphere of the cosmos, the primum mobile."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sphere, ball, a spherical object."
],
"links": [
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"spherical",
"spherical"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:sphere"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspeːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sper"
},
{
"word": "sphere"
},
{
"word": "spire"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Shapes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spere"
},
"expansion": "English: spere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "spera"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin spera",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin spera.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spere (plural speres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"partition, divider"
],
"links": [
[
"partition",
"partition"
],
[
"divider",
"divider"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:partition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛːr(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sperre"
},
{
"word": "spure"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Shapes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sparre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sparre"
],
"links": [
[
"sparre",
"sparre#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Shapes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to close",
"word": "sparren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sparren (“to close”)"
],
"links": [
[
"sparren",
"sparren#Middle_English:_to_close"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spere",
"3": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: spere, spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: spere, spear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "English: spear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*speru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *speru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sperH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spear"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian spear",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch speer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sper"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sper",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speer"
},
"expansion": "German Speer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spjǫr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse spjǫr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. Cognate with West Frisian spear, Dutch speer, Old High German sper (German Speer), Old Norse spjǫr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speru",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "speru",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "spere n (nominative plural speru)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "speru"
},
"expansion": "spere n (nominative plural speru)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sper",
"nomsg": "spere",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "spere",
"2": "speru",
"3": "spere",
"4": "speru",
"5": "speres",
"6": "spera",
"7": "spere",
"8": "sperum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ang:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"spear, lance, pike, javelin"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspe.re/"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Romanian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "spera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of spera"
],
"links": [
[
"spera",
"spera#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspere]"
}
],
"word": "spere"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.