See reindeer on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for reindeer meaning in All languages combined (27.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "†R. t. eogroenlandicus",
"word": "Arctic reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. buskensis",
"word": "busk reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. fennicus",
"word": "Finnish forest reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. phylarchus",
"word": "Kamchatkan reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. tarandus",
"word": "mountain reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. pearsoni",
"word": "Novaya Zemlya reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reindeer calf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reindeer corn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reindeer games"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "reindeer lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "reindeer moss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reindeer spitz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. valentinae",
"word": "Siberian forest reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. sibiricus",
"word": "Siberian tundra reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. platyrhynchus",
"word": "Svalbard reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "R. t. tarandus",
"word": "wild reindeer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reyndere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reyndere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reynder"
},
"expansion": "reynder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rayne-dere"
},
"expansion": "rayne-dere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreindýri",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hreinn",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "hreinn (“reindeer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýr",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "dýr (“animal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rendier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rendier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Renntier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "German Renntier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rendjur",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rensdyr",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reyndere, reynder, rayne-dere, from Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”), from hreinn (“reindeer”) + dýr (“animal”). Compare Dutch rendier (“reindeer”), German Renntier (“reindeer”), Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”), Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”). Related also to displaced Old English hrān (“reindeer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reindeer",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reindeer",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "reindeer (plural reindeer or reindeers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rein‧deer"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "caribou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Blitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Comet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Cupid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Dancer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Dasher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Donner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Prancer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Vixen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 43 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reindeers",
"orig": "en:Reindeers",
"parents": [
"Cervids",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Santa Claus' sleigh is supposedly pulled by eight reindeer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1768, D[aniel] Fenning, “LAPLAND”, in The Royal English Dictionary; or, A Treasury of the English Language, 3rd improved edition, London: Printed for R. Baldwin, Hawes and Co., T. Caslon, S. Crowder, J. Johnson, Wilson and Fell, Robinson and Roberts, and B. Collins, →OCLC",
"text": "Here is a prodigious number of wild beaſts, as ſtags, bears, wolves, foxes of various colours, martens, hares, glittens, beavers, otters, elk, and rein deer: the latter is leſs than a stag.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 March, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98",
"text": "Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies."
],
"id": "en-reindeer-en-noun-YtqYLFzZ",
"links": [
[
"Arctic",
"Arctic"
],
[
"subarctic",
"subarctic"
],
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"Rangifer tarandus",
"Rangifer tarandus#Translingual"
],
[
"subspecies",
"subspecies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies."
],
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "aht",
"lang": "Ahtna",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "udzih"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tunakkay",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "トゥナッカィ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "renë"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ale",
"lang": "Aleut",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "itx̂aygix̂"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "alr",
"lang": "Alutor",
"roman": "quraŋa",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄураӈа"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rana",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَنَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hyusisayin eġǰeru",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "հյուսիսային եղջերու"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "atj",
"lang": "Atikamekw",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "atikw"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "şimal maralı"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "elur-orein"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭnóčny aljénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паўно́чны але́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karv-erc'h"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kirvi-erc'h"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "séveren elén",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "се́верен еле́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karíbu",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кари́бу"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsuyvtlv awi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᏫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xùnlù",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "驯鹿"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "qoraṇy",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄораӈы"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cr",
"lang": "Cree",
"roman": "atihkw",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᐊᑎᐦᒄ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sob"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rensdyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rendier"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "pučo",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "пучо"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rangifero"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "põhjapõder"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "orȧn",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ора̇н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "oron",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "орон"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reindýr"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reindjór"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdjór"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "peura"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renne"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "caribou"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reno"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "črdiloetis iremi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ჩრდილოეთის ირემი"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rentier"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tárandos",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάρανδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tárandos",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάρανδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuttu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "renḍiyar",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "रेनडियर"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rénszarvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hreindýr"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rentiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America"
],
"word": "karibuo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "pohjan oleni"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "tokto",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᑐᒃᑐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuttu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réinfhia"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "renna"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "itl",
"lang": "Itelmen",
"roman": "qora",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄора"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tonakai",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "トナカイ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "となかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tonakai",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "じゅんろく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "junroku",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"roman": "selʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "сель"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sullok",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "순록"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarandrus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarandus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ziemeļbriedis"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šiaurinis elnias"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "taa",
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "bedzeyh"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rendéier"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "irvas",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ирвас"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rusa kutub"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "oron buhū",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᠣᡵᠣᠨ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "renetia"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "caa buga",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "цаа буга"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "buga",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буга"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "orōn",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "hakʼaz bįįh"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "neg",
"lang": "Negidal",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ойон"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "ile",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "илэ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rein"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rein"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "adik"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrān"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hreinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "oac",
"lang": "Oroch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ɔrɔn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gavazn-e šomâli",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "گوزن شمالی"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "renifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"neuter"
],
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rena"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífer"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífero"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sévernyj olénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "се́верный оле́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karíbu",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кари́бу"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "smn",
"lang": "Inari",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "puásui"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "smn",
"lang": "Inari",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kodde"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "smj",
"lang": "Lule",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "boatsoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "boazu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "puäʒʒ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kââʹreǩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kåʹdd"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sma",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "bovtje"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sma",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "bovtse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiadh Lochlannach"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiadh-sneachda"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "и̏рва̄с"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "со̏б"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "северни јелен"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сјеверни јелен"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ȉrvās"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sȍb"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "severni jelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sjeverni jelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sob"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "severni jelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reno"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífero"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "caribú"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulungu aktiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mbawala aktiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rendjur"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "reno"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tcb",
"lang": "Tanacross",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "wudzih"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gwaang rayn-dia",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "กวางเรนเดียร์"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rayn-dia",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "เรนเดียร์"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "Ren geyiği"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ivi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "иви"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оло"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivníčnyj olénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "півні́чний оле́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ulc",
"lang": "Ulch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuần lộc"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carw Llychlyn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 43 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reindeers",
"orig": "en:Reindeers",
"parents": [
"Cervids",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any species, subspecies, ecotype, or other scientific grouping of such animals."
],
"id": "en-reindeer-en-noun-RW7AcFFN",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"ecotype",
"ecotype"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural: reindeers, biology) Any species, subspecies, ecotype, or other scientific grouping of such animals."
],
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪndɪə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-reindeer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg/En-us-reindeer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "reindeer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reyndere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reyndere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reynder"
},
"expansion": "reynder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rayne-dere"
},
"expansion": "rayne-dere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreindýri",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hreinn",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "hreinn (“reindeer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýr",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "dýr (“animal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rendier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rendier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Renntier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "German Renntier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rendjur",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rensdyr",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reyndere, reynder, rayne-dere, from Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”), from hreinn (“reindeer”) + dýr (“animal”). Compare Dutch rendier (“reindeer”), German Renntier (“reindeer”), Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”), Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”). Related also to displaced Old English hrān (“reindeer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reindeers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "reindeer (third-person singular simple present reindeers, present participle reindeering, simple past and past participle reindeered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rein‧deer"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To herd or farm reindeer"
],
"id": "en-reindeer-en-verb-SB7XQCU9"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪndɪə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-reindeer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg/En-us-reindeer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "reindeer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (subspecies)",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪndɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/eɪndɪə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Reindeers"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "†R. t. eogroenlandicus",
"word": "Arctic reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. buskensis",
"word": "busk reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. fennicus",
"word": "Finnish forest reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. phylarchus",
"word": "Kamchatkan reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. tarandus",
"word": "mountain reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. pearsoni",
"word": "Novaya Zemlya reindeer"
},
{
"word": "reindeer calf"
},
{
"word": "reindeer corn"
},
{
"word": "reindeer games"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "reindeer lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "reindeer moss"
},
{
"word": "reindeer spitz"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. valentinae",
"word": "Siberian forest reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. sibiricus",
"word": "Siberian tundra reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. platyrhynchus",
"word": "Svalbard reindeer"
},
{
"alt": "R. t. tarandus",
"word": "wild reindeer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reyndere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reyndere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reynder"
},
"expansion": "reynder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rayne-dere"
},
"expansion": "rayne-dere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreindýri",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hreinn",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "hreinn (“reindeer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýr",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "dýr (“animal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rendier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rendier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Renntier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "German Renntier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rendjur",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rensdyr",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reyndere, reynder, rayne-dere, from Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”), from hreinn (“reindeer”) + dýr (“animal”). Compare Dutch rendier (“reindeer”), German Renntier (“reindeer”), Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”), Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”). Related also to displaced Old English hrān (“reindeer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reindeer",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reindeer",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "reindeer (plural reindeer or reindeers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rein‧deer"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "caribou"
},
{
"word": "Blitzen"
},
{
"word": "Comet"
},
{
"word": "Cupid"
},
{
"word": "Dancer"
},
{
"word": "Dasher"
},
{
"word": "Donner"
},
{
"word": "Prancer"
},
{
"word": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
},
{
"word": "Vixen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Santa Claus' sleigh is supposedly pulled by eight reindeer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1768, D[aniel] Fenning, “LAPLAND”, in The Royal English Dictionary; or, A Treasury of the English Language, 3rd improved edition, London: Printed for R. Baldwin, Hawes and Co., T. Caslon, S. Crowder, J. Johnson, Wilson and Fell, Robinson and Roberts, and B. Collins, →OCLC",
"text": "Here is a prodigious number of wild beaſts, as ſtags, bears, wolves, foxes of various colours, martens, hares, glittens, beavers, otters, elk, and rein deer: the latter is leſs than a stag.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 March, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98",
"text": "Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies."
],
"links": [
[
"Arctic",
"Arctic"
],
[
"subarctic",
"subarctic"
],
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"Rangifer tarandus",
"Rangifer tarandus#Translingual"
],
[
"subspecies",
"subspecies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies."
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"Any species, subspecies, ecotype, or other scientific grouping of such animals."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"ecotype",
"ecotype"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural: reindeers, biology) Any species, subspecies, ecotype, or other scientific grouping of such animals."
],
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪndɪə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-reindeer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg/En-us-reindeer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "aht",
"lang": "Ahtna",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "udzih"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tunakkay",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "トゥナッカィ"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "renë"
},
{
"code": "ale",
"lang": "Aleut",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "itx̂aygix̂"
},
{
"code": "alr",
"lang": "Alutor",
"roman": "quraŋa",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄураӈа"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rana",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَنَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hyusisayin eġǰeru",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "հյուսիսային եղջերու"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renu"
},
{
"code": "atj",
"lang": "Atikamekw",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "atikw"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "şimal maralı"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "elur-orein"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭnóčny aljénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паўно́чны але́нь"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karv-erc'h"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kirvi-erc'h"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "séveren elén",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "се́верен еле́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karíbu",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кари́бу"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsuyvtlv awi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᏫ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xùnlù",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "驯鹿"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "qoraṇy",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄораӈы"
},
{
"code": "cr",
"lang": "Cree",
"roman": "atihkw",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᐊᑎᐦᒄ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sob"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rensdyr"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rendier"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "pučo",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "пучо"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rangifero"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "põhjapõder"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "orȧn",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ора̇н"
},
{
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "orȧn",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ора̇н"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "oron",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "орон"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "oron",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "орон"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reindýr"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reindjór"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdjór"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "peura"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renne"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "caribou"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reno"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "črdiloetis iremi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ჩრდილოეთის ირემი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rentier"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tárandos",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάρανδος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tárandos",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάρανδος"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuttu"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "renḍiyar",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "रेनडियर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rénszarvas"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hreindýr"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rentiro"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America"
],
"word": "karibuo"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "pohjan oleni"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ren"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "tokto",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᑐᒃᑐ"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuttu"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réinfhia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "renna"
},
{
"code": "itl",
"lang": "Itelmen",
"roman": "qora",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ӄора"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tonakai",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "トナカイ"
},
{
"alt": "となかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tonakai",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"alt": "じゅんろく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "junroku",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "馴鹿"
},
{
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"roman": "selʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "сель"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sullok",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "순록"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarandrus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarandus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ziemeļbriedis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šiaurinis elnias"
},
{
"code": "taa",
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "bedzeyh"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rendéier"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "irvas",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ирвас"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "rusa kutub"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "oron buhū",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ᠣᡵᠣᠨ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "renetia"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "caa buga",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "цаа буга"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "buga",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буга"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "orōn",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро̄н"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "hakʼaz bįįh"
},
{
"code": "neg",
"lang": "Negidal",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ойон"
},
{
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "ile",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "илэ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdyr"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rein"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "reinsdyr"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rein"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "adik"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrān"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hreinn"
},
{
"code": "oac",
"lang": "Oroch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ɔrɔn"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "ɔrɔn"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gavazn-e šomâli",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "گوزن شمالی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "renifer"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"neuter"
],
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rena"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífero"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sévernyj olénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "се́верный оле́нь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karíbu",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кари́бу"
},
{
"code": "smn",
"lang": "Inari",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "puásui"
},
{
"code": "smn",
"lang": "Inari",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kodde"
},
{
"code": "smj",
"lang": "Lule",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "boatsoj"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "boazu"
},
{
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "puäʒʒ"
},
{
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kââʹreǩ"
},
{
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "kåʹdd"
},
{
"code": "sma",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "bovtje"
},
{
"code": "sma",
"lang": "Sami jezik",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "bovtse"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiadh Lochlannach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiadh-sneachda"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "и̏рва̄с"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "со̏б"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "северни јелен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сјеверни јелен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ȉrvās"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sȍb"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "severni jelen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sjeverni jelen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sob"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "severni jelen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reno"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rangífero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "caribú"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulungu aktiki"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mbawala aktiki"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ren"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rendjur"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "reno"
},
{
"code": "tcb",
"lang": "Tanacross",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "wudzih"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gwaang rayn-dia",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "กวางเรนเดียร์"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rayn-dia",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "เรนเดียร์"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "Ren geyiği"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ivi",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "иви"
},
{
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оло"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivníčnyj olénʹ",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "півні́чний оле́нь"
},
{
"code": "ulc",
"lang": "Ulch",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "оро"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"word": "tuần lộc"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rangifer tarandus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carw Llychlyn"
}
],
"word": "reindeer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (subspecies)",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪndɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/eɪndɪə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Reindeers"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reyndere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reyndere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reynder"
},
"expansion": "reynder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rayne-dere"
},
"expansion": "rayne-dere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreindýri",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hreinn",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "hreinn (“reindeer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "dýr",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "dýr (“animal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rendier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rendier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Renntier",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "German Renntier (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rendjur",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rensdyr",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān (“reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reyndere, reynder, rayne-dere, from Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”), from hreinn (“reindeer”) + dýr (“animal”). Compare Dutch rendier (“reindeer”), German Renntier (“reindeer”), Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”), Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”). Related also to displaced Old English hrān (“reindeer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reindeers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "reindeered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "reindeer (third-person singular simple present reindeers, present participle reindeering, simple past and past participle reindeered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rein‧deer"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To herd or farm reindeer"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪndɪə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-reindeer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg/En-us-reindeer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-reindeer.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "reindeer"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Kildin: пуаз (puaz)",
"path": [
"reindeer"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "reindeer",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.