"promulgate" meaning in All languages combined

See promulgate on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/ [UK], /ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/ [US] Audio: en-us-promulgate.ogg [US] Forms: promulgates [present, singular, third-person], promulgating [participle, present], promulgated [participle, past], promulgated [past]
Etymology: From Middle English promulgaten, from Latin prōmulgātus, past participle of prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”), either from provulgō (“I make known, publish”), from pro (“forth”) + vulgō (“I publish”), or from mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”). Compare promulge. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*pro-||*h₂melǵ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|promulgaten}} Middle English promulgaten, {{der|en|la|prōmulgātus}} Latin prōmulgātus, {{m|la|prōmulgō|t=I make known, publish}} prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”), {{m|la|provulgō|t=I make known, publish}} provulgō (“I make known, publish”), {{m|la|pro|t=forth}} pro (“forth”), {{m|la|vulgō|t=I publish}} vulgō (“I publish”), {{m|la|mulgeō|lit=I milk|t=I bring forth}} mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”), {{m|en|promulge}} promulge Head templates: {{en-verb}} promulgate (third-person singular simple present promulgates, present participle promulgating, simple past and past participle promulgated)
  1. (transitive) To make known or public. Tags: transitive Synonyms: declare, proclaim, publish Translations (to make known public): հրապարակել (hraparakel) (Armenian), обявявам (objavjavam) (Bulgarian), promulgar (Catalan), uvést [perfective] (Czech), uvádět [imperfective] (Czech), zveřejnit [perfective] (Czech), zveřejňovat [imperfective] (Czech), uveřejnit [perfective] (Czech), uveřejňovat [imperfective] (Czech), šířit [imperfective] (Czech), rozšiřovat [imperfective] (Czech), rozšířit [perfective] (Czech), julistaa (Finnish), levittää (Finnish), promulguer (French), verkünden (German), bekanntmachen (German), promulgare (Italian), proclamare (Italian), promulgher (Ladin), promulgo (Latin), promulgować [imperfective] (Polish), promulgar (Portuguese), promulga (Romanian), опублико́вывать (opublikóvyvatʹ) (Russian), promulgírati [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), obnárodovati [Roman, perfective] (Serbo-Croatian), promulgar (Spanish), förkunna (Swedish), kungöra (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-promulgate-en-verb-RuxU-q6L Disambiguation of 'to make known public': 97 3
  2. (transitive) To put into effect as a regulation. Tags: transitive Synonyms: carry out, execute, implement, put into effect Translations (to put into effect as a regulation): публикувам (publikuvam) (Bulgarian), promulgar (Catalan), zavést [perfective] (Czech), zavádět [imperfective] (Czech), uitvaardigen (Dutch), saattaa voimaan (Finnish), hyväksyttää (Finnish), promulguer (French), erlassen (German), promulgare (Italian), опублико́вывать (opublikóvyvatʹ) (Russian), promulgírati [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), promulgar (Spanish), utfärda (Swedish), promulgera (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-promulgate-en-verb-wtEb3Y1w Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 80 Disambiguation of 'to put into effect as a regulation': 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: promogulate, promulgater, promulgation, promulgator, promulgatory Related terms: promulge

Verb [Ido]

IPA: /promulˈɡate/
Head templates: {{io-part|adv}} promulgate
  1. adverbial present passive participle of promulgar Tags: adverbial, form-of, participle, passive, present Form of: promulgar
    Sense id: en-promulgate-io-verb-Xk41oMD0

Verb [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|verb form}} promulgate
  1. inflection of promulgare:
    second-person plural present indicative
    Tags: form-of, indicative, plural, present, second-person
    Sense id: en-promulgate-it-verb-DSxMiGTh Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 83 12 4
  2. inflection of promulgare:
    second-person plural imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative, plural, second-person
    Sense id: en-promulgate-it-verb-~mbwJIY1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|past participle form|g=f-p}} promulgate f pl
  1. feminine plural of promulgato Tags: feminine, form-of, participle, plural Form of: promulgato
    Sense id: en-promulgate-it-verb-snMS-fe~
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Latin]

IPA: /proː.mulˈɡaː.te/ [Classical], [proːmʊɫ̪ˈɡäːt̪ɛ] [Classical], /pro.mulˈɡa.te/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [promulˈɡäːt̪e] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) Forms: prōmulgāte [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|verb form|head=prōmulgāte}} prōmulgāte
  1. second-person plural present active imperative of prōmulgō Tags: active, form-of, imperative, plural, present, second-person Form of: prōmulgō
    Sense id: en-promulgate-la-verb-zS3vY5gY Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header

Verb [Spanish]

Head templates: {{head|es|verb form}} promulgate
  1. second-person singular voseo imperative of promulgar combined with te Tags: form-of, imperative, object-second-person, object-singular, second-person, singular, with-voseo Form of: promulgar
    Sense id: en-promulgate-es-verb-WgevIgX3 Categories (other): Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for promulgate meaning in All languages combined (13.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promogulate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promulgater"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promulgation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promulgator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promulgatory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "*h₂melǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "promulgaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English promulgaten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "prōmulgātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin prōmulgātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōmulgō",
        "t": "I make known, publish"
      },
      "expansion": "prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "provulgō",
        "t": "I make known, publish"
      },
      "expansion": "provulgō (“I make known, publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro",
        "t": "forth"
      },
      "expansion": "pro (“forth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vulgō",
        "t": "I publish"
      },
      "expansion": "vulgō (“I publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mulgeō",
        "lit": "I milk",
        "t": "I bring forth"
      },
      "expansion": "mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "promulge"
      },
      "expansion": "promulge",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English promulgaten, from Latin prōmulgātus, past participle of prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”), either from provulgō (“I make known, publish”), from pro (“forth”) + vulgō (“I publish”), or from mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”). Compare promulge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "promulgates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "promulgate (third-person singular simple present promulgates, present participle promulgating, simple past and past participle promulgated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "promulge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "withhold"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1784 November 6, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in Poems, page 303",
          "text": "Prieſts have invented, and the world admir’d / What knaviſh prieſts promulgate as inſpir’d ; / ’Till reaſon, now no longer overaw’d, / Reſumes her pow’rs, and ſpurns the clumſy fraud ; / And, common-ſenſe diffuſing real day, / The meteor of the goſpel dies away !",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make known or public."
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-RuxU-q6L",
      "links": [
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ],
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make known or public."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "declare"
        },
        {
          "word": "proclaim"
        },
        {
          "word": "publish"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hraparakel",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "հրապարակել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "objavjavam",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "обявявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "uvést"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "uvádět"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zveřejnit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "zveřejňovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "uveřejnit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "uveřejňovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "šířit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "rozšiřovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "rozšířit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "julistaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "levittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulguer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "verkünden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "bekanntmachen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "proclamare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "lld",
          "lang": "Ladin",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgher"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "promulgować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "опублико́вывать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "promulgírati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "obnárodovati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "promulgar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "förkunna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to make known public",
          "word": "kungöra"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "abrogate"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1881 June 7, William Stubbs, “The Reign of Henry VIII”, in Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1887, page 293",
          "text": "[…] the Statute of Uses was delayed until 1536 and the Statute of Wills until 1540, but both statutes were promulgated in 1532, and formed part of a policy which we may compare, not favourably, with the of Edward I[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put into effect as a regulation."
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-wtEb3Y1w",
      "links": [
        [
          "effect",
          "effect"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To put into effect as a regulation."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carry out"
        },
        {
          "word": "execute"
        },
        {
          "word": "implement"
        },
        {
          "word": "put into effect"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "publikuvam",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "публикувам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "promulgar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zavést"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "zavádět"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "uitvaardigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "saattaa voimaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "hyväksyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "promulguer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "erlassen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "promulgare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "опублико́вывать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "promulgírati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "promulgar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "utfärda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
          "word": "promulgera"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-promulgate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg/En-us-promulgate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adv"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "io-part"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "adverbial present passive participle of promulgar"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-io-verb-Xk41oMD0",
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgar",
          "promulgar#Ido"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/promulˈɡate/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "83 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of promulgare:",
        "second-person plural present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-it-verb-DSxMiGTh",
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgare",
          "promulgare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of promulgare:",
        "second-person plural imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-it-verb-~mbwJIY1",
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgare",
          "promulgare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "past participle form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgato"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of promulgato"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-it-verb-snMS-fe~",
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgato",
          "promulgato#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "prōmulgāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "prōmulgāte"
      },
      "expansion": "prōmulgāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prōmulgō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person plural present active imperative of prōmulgō"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-la-verb-zS3vY5gY",
      "links": [
        [
          "prōmulgō",
          "promulgo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/proː.mulˈɡaː.te/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[proːmʊɫ̪ˈɡäːt̪ɛ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pro.mulˈɡa.te/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[promulˈɡäːt̪e]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular voseo imperative of promulgar combined with te"
      ],
      "id": "en-promulgate-es-verb-WgevIgX3",
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgar",
          "promulgar#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "te",
          "te#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "with-voseo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂melǵ-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "promogulate"
    },
    {
      "word": "promulgater"
    },
    {
      "word": "promulgation"
    },
    {
      "word": "promulgator"
    },
    {
      "word": "promulgatory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "*h₂melǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "promulgaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English promulgaten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "prōmulgātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin prōmulgātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōmulgō",
        "t": "I make known, publish"
      },
      "expansion": "prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "provulgō",
        "t": "I make known, publish"
      },
      "expansion": "provulgō (“I make known, publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro",
        "t": "forth"
      },
      "expansion": "pro (“forth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vulgō",
        "t": "I publish"
      },
      "expansion": "vulgō (“I publish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mulgeō",
        "lit": "I milk",
        "t": "I bring forth"
      },
      "expansion": "mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "promulge"
      },
      "expansion": "promulge",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English promulgaten, from Latin prōmulgātus, past participle of prōmulgō (“I make known, publish”), either from provulgō (“I make known, publish”), from pro (“forth”) + vulgō (“I publish”), or from mulgeō (“I bring forth”, literally “I milk”). Compare promulge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "promulgates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "promulgated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "promulgate (third-person singular simple present promulgates, present participle promulgating, simple past and past participle promulgated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "promulge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "withhold"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1784 November 6, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in Poems, page 303",
          "text": "Prieſts have invented, and the world admir’d / What knaviſh prieſts promulgate as inſpir’d ; / ’Till reaſon, now no longer overaw’d, / Reſumes her pow’rs, and ſpurns the clumſy fraud ; / And, common-ſenſe diffuſing real day, / The meteor of the goſpel dies away !",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make known or public."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ],
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make known or public."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "declare"
        },
        {
          "word": "proclaim"
        },
        {
          "word": "publish"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "abrogate"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1881 June 7, William Stubbs, “The Reign of Henry VIII”, in Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1887, page 293",
          "text": "[…] the Statute of Uses was delayed until 1536 and the Statute of Wills until 1540, but both statutes were promulgated in 1532, and formed part of a policy which we may compare, not favourably, with the of Edward I[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put into effect as a regulation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "effect",
          "effect"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To put into effect as a regulation."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carry out"
        },
        {
          "word": "execute"
        },
        {
          "word": "implement"
        },
        {
          "word": "put into effect"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-promulgate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg/En-us-promulgate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hraparakel",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "հրապարակել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "objavjavam",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "обявявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uvést"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uvádět"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zveřejnit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zveřejňovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uveřejnit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uveřejňovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "šířit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "rozšiřovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "rozšířit"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "julistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "levittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulguer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "verkünden"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "bekanntmachen"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "proclamare"
    },
    {
      "code": "lld",
      "lang": "Ladin",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgher"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "promulgować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulga"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "опублико́вывать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "promulgírati"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "obnárodovati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "promulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "förkunna"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to make known public",
      "word": "kungöra"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "publikuvam",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "публикувам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "promulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zavést"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zavádět"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "uitvaardigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "saattaa voimaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "hyväksyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "promulguer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "erlassen"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "promulgare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "опублико́вывать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "promulgírati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "promulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "utfärda"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
      "word": "promulgera"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adv"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "io-part"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ido adverbial participles",
        "Ido non-lemma forms",
        "Ido terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "adverbial present passive participle of promulgar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgar",
          "promulgar#Ido"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/promulˈɡate/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian past participle forms",
    "Italian verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of promulgare:",
        "second-person plural present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgare",
          "promulgare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of promulgare:",
        "second-person plural imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgare",
          "promulgare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian past participle forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "past participle form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgato"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of promulgato"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgato",
          "promulgato#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "prōmulgāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "prōmulgāte"
      },
      "expansion": "prōmulgāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 4-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin non-lemma forms",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latin verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prōmulgō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person plural present active imperative of prōmulgō"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prōmulgō",
          "promulgo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/proː.mulˈɡaː.te/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[proːmʊɫ̪ˈɡäːt̪ɛ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pro.mulˈɡa.te/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[promulˈɡäːt̪e]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "promulgate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish non-lemma forms",
        "Spanish verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "promulgar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular voseo imperative of promulgar combined with te"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promulgar",
          "promulgar#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "te",
          "te#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "with-voseo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "promulgate"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.