See promulgate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promogulate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promulgater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promulgation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promulgator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promulgatory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "repromulgate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unpromulgated"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂melǵ-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "promulgaten",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English promulgaten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "promulgaten"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English promulgaten",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "prōmulgātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prōmulgātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "verb",
"pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "adjective",
"pos1": "adjective-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "promulge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of promulge",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English promulgaten, from Latin prōmulgātus, perfect passive participle of prōmulgō (“to make known, publish”), either from provulgō (“to make known, publish”), from pro (“forth”) + vulgō (“to publish”), or from mulgeō (“to bring forth”, literally “to milk”); see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of promulge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "promulgates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "promulgate (third-person singular simple present promulgates, present participle promulgating, simple past and past participle promulgated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "promulge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "withhold"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
88
]
],
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "’Tis yet to know, / Which when I know, that boaſting is an Honour, / I ſhall promulgate. I fetch by life and being, / From Men of Royall Seige.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"ref": "1784 November 6, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in Poems, page 303:",
"text": "Prieſts have invented, and the world admir’d / What knaviſh prieſts promulgate as inſpir’d ; / ’Till reaſon, now no longer overaw’d, / Reſumes her pow’rs, and ſpurns the clumſy fraud ; / And, common-ſenſe diffuſing real day, / The meteor of the goſpel dies away !",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make known or make public."
],
"id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-VVyYsvvh",
"links": [
[
"make known",
"make known"
],
[
"public",
"public"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make known or make public."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "declare"
},
{
"word": "proclaim"
},
{
"word": "publish"
},
{
"word": "see also Thesaurus:announce"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hraparakel",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "հրապարակել"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "objavjavam",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "обявявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uvést"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uvádět"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zveřejnit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zveřejňovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uveřejnit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uveřejňovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozšiřovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozšířit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "julistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulguer"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "verkünden"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "bekanntmachen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "scaip"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "proclamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgher"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "promulgować"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulga"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "опублико́вывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "promulgírati"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"perfective"
],
"word": "obnárodovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "förkunna"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "kungöra"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "opryljudnyty",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "оприлюднити"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "công bố"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 5 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "ban bố"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "abrogate"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 73 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 54 16 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 58 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 59 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 55 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 56 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 50 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 56 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 50 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 56 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 56 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 60 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 53 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 60 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 48 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 54 21 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 56 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 60 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 58 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 56 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 56 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
118
]
],
"ref": "1881 June 7, William Stubbs, “The Reign of Henry VIII”, in Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1887, page 293:",
"text": "[…] the Statute of Uses was delayed until 1536 and the Statute of Wills until 1540, but both statutes were promulgated in 1532, and formed part of a policy which we may compare, not favourably, with the of Edward I[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put into effect as a regulation."
],
"id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-wtEb3Y1w",
"links": [
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To put into effect as a regulation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carry out"
},
{
"word": "execute"
},
{
"word": "implement"
},
{
"word": "put into effect"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "publikuvam",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "публикувам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavést"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zavádět"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "uitvaardigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "saattaa voimaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "hyväksyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulguer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "erlassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "опублико́вывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikovátʹ",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опубликова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "promulgírati"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "utfärda"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgera"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "ban hành"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97 1 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "ban bố"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To advocate on behalf of (something or someone, especially of an idea); to spread knowledge of and make more widely known."
],
"id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-Ss-mnyqx",
"links": [
[
"advocate",
"advocate"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nonstandard) To advocate on behalf of (something or someone, especially of an idea); to spread knowledge of and make more widely known."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "propagate"
},
{
"word": "promote"
},
{
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "1526–1838",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "promulgate"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of promulgate"
],
"id": "en-promulgate-en-verb-A1Btada3",
"links": [
[
"promulgate",
"promulgate#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) past participle of promulgate"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"obsolete",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-promulgate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg/En-us-promulgate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "promulgate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂melǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "promogulate"
},
{
"word": "promulgater"
},
{
"word": "promulgation"
},
{
"word": "promulgator"
},
{
"word": "promulgatory"
},
{
"word": "repromulgate"
},
{
"word": "unpromulgated"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*h₂melǵ-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "promulgaten",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English promulgaten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "promulgaten"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English promulgaten",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "prōmulgātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prōmulgātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "verb",
"pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "adjective",
"pos1": "adjective-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "promulge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of promulge",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English promulgaten, from Latin prōmulgātus, perfect passive participle of prōmulgō (“to make known, publish”), either from provulgō (“to make known, publish”), from pro (“forth”) + vulgō (“to publish”), or from mulgeō (“to bring forth”, literally “to milk”); see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of promulge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "promulgates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "promulgated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "promulgate (third-person singular simple present promulgates, present participle promulgating, simple past and past participle promulgated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "promulge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "withhold"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
88
]
],
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "’Tis yet to know, / Which when I know, that boaſting is an Honour, / I ſhall promulgate. I fetch by life and being, / From Men of Royall Seige.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"ref": "1784 November 6, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in Poems, page 303:",
"text": "Prieſts have invented, and the world admir’d / What knaviſh prieſts promulgate as inſpir’d ; / ’Till reaſon, now no longer overaw’d, / Reſumes her pow’rs, and ſpurns the clumſy fraud ; / And, common-ſenſe diffuſing real day, / The meteor of the goſpel dies away !",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make known or make public."
],
"links": [
[
"make known",
"make known"
],
[
"public",
"public"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make known or make public."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "declare"
},
{
"word": "proclaim"
},
{
"word": "publish"
},
{
"word": "see also Thesaurus:announce"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "abrogate"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
118
]
],
"ref": "1881 June 7, William Stubbs, “The Reign of Henry VIII”, in Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1887, page 293:",
"text": "[…] the Statute of Uses was delayed until 1536 and the Statute of Wills until 1540, but both statutes were promulgated in 1532, and formed part of a policy which we may compare, not favourably, with the of Edward I[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put into effect as a regulation."
],
"links": [
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To put into effect as a regulation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carry out"
},
{
"word": "execute"
},
{
"word": "implement"
},
{
"word": "put into effect"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English nonstandard terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To advocate on behalf of (something or someone, especially of an idea); to spread knowledge of and make more widely known."
],
"links": [
[
"advocate",
"advocate"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nonstandard) To advocate on behalf of (something or someone, especially of an idea); to spread knowledge of and make more widely known."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "propagate"
},
{
"word": "promote"
},
{
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "1526–1838",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "promulgate"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of promulgate"
],
"links": [
[
"promulgate",
"promulgate#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) past participle of promulgate"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"obsolete",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-promulgate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg/En-us-promulgate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/En-us-promulgate.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hraparakel",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "հրապարակել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "objavjavam",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "обявявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uvést"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uvádět"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zveřejnit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zveřejňovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uveřejnit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uveřejňovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozšiřovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozšířit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "julistaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulguer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "verkünden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "bekanntmachen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "scaip"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "proclamare"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgher"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "promulgować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "опублико́вывать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "promulgírati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"perfective"
],
"word": "obnárodovati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "förkunna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "kungöra"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "opryljudnyty",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "оприлюднити"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "công bố"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make known/public",
"word": "ban bố"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "publikuvam",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "публикувам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavést"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zavádět"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "uitvaardigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "saattaa voimaan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "hyväksyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulguer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "erlassen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikóvyvatʹ",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "опублико́вывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "opublikovátʹ",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опубликова́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "promulgírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "utfärda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "promulgera"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "ban hành"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to put into effect as a regulation",
"word": "ban bố"
}
],
"word": "promulgate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for promulgate meaning in English (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.