See macula on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lagenar macula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "enm",
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"4": "",
"5": "spot on the skin or in the eye"
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"name": "der"
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"2": "macchia",
"3": "macule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of macchia and macule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia and macule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
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"plural"
]
}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-fjXYdWnt",
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"oval",
"oval"
],
[
"yellow",
"yellow"
],
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"retina",
"retina"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"histologically",
"histologically"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"ganglion",
"ganglion"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "63 6 11 4 17",
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 11 4 17",
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macular"
}
],
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"anatomy",
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "màcula"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huángbān",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黃斑 /黄斑"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žlutá skvrna"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gele vlek"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "keltatäplä"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gelber Fleck"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochrí kilída",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ωχρή κηλίδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"alt": "おうはん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōhan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黄斑"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lakke-ye zard",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "لکهٔ زرد"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóltoje pjatnó",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жёлтое пятно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 11 11 4 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mákula",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́кула"
}
]
},
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"A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"otolith"
]
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"(anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
],
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"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
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]
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],
"glosses": [
"A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb."
],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-7NTf1zr8",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"luminous",
"luminous"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in the sun",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "io",
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"sense": "spot",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rather large spot or blotch of color."
],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-XzorPG5p",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"blotch",
"blotch"
],
[
"color",
"color"
]
],
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{
"_dis1": "23 21 10 29 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 21 10 29 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läiskä"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 21 10 29 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läikkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 21 10 29 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 21 10 29 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
}
]
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"glosses": [
"In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon."
],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-He-5hWGg",
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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"dark"
],
[
"surface",
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[
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"planet"
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[
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]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 4 27 1 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 27 1 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 27 1 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "alue (depending on relative size)",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmækjʊlə/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-macula.wav",
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],
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"Macula of retina"
],
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}
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
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"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-macula-ca-verb-hNKMUtUC",
"links": [
[
"macular",
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],
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-macula-ca-verb-s3AGGWtz",
"links": [
[
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"macular#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 5 2 4 1 8 11 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 7 6 9 1 9 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "maculer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of maculer"
],
"id": "en-macula-fr-verb-DZKVd~ZL",
"links": [
[
"maculer",
"maculer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-macula.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin macula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "macchia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin macula, whence also the inherited doublet macchia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "macule",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "macula f (plural macule)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mà‧cu‧la"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maculopatia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "it:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "it:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "it:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"macula"
],
"id": "en-macula-it-noun-2UTdTWo8",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"macula",
"macula#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, astronomy, geology) macula"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"astronomy",
"geography",
"geology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 58 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stain, blot"
],
"id": "en-macula-it-noun-v7uTS-1f",
"links": [
[
"stain",
"stain"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 89 5",
"sense": "stain, blot",
"word": "macchia"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "it:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Medicine",
"Health",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Body",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"macule blotch"
],
"id": "en-macula-it-noun-DTw9inqU",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"macule",
"macule#Italian"
],
[
"blotch",
"blotch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) macule blotch"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-akula"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "macola"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "cognomen",
"word": "Macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculātūra"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*macla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "macchia",
"3": "machja"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macchia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maquis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: maquis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Macchie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Macchie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "magle"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: magle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: magle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "màcia",
"3": "màgia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*exmacla",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "smacia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: smacia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "smagia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: smagia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
},
"expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "màccia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "macia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "maille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: malha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: maglia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "macla",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "malla",
"t": "stain"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: malla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*mancla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mangla",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mangra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "machule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: machule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mácula",
"3": "mágoa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "macule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "macule"
},
"expansion": "French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macule",
"3": "mackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mocoll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "mogall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: mogall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: mogall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "makel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: makel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Makel"
},
"expansion": "German: Makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Makel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "макула",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "machuľa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*smatlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*smh₂-tló-m",
"t": "wiping (perhaps)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμάω",
"3": "",
"4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”), from a root *smeh₂- (“to wipe”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-ej-n7keY",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-D9HnSxha",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on the skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-lGWUMEqg",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on a garment",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-w1n1XQW6",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-9MqpWPaK",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the skin or coat of an animal"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-9tebswKX",
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the leaves of a plant"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-YWApwY8p",
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-I9N3xF1v",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 13 5 5 11 11 3 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a link in a chain"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-Ue59Qpew",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "macla"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macula"
},
"expansion": "English: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: macula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin macula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mayle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mayle",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin macula. Doublet of mayle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "maculas"
},
"expansion": "macula (plural maculas)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [
"Perception",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "enm:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lesion on the eye or skin."
],
"id": "en-macula-enm-noun-u3cLf4DU",
"links": [
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English, rare) A lesion on the eye or skin."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "macule"
}
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmakiu̯la/"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 5 2 5 0 9 8 2 4 1 0 3 3 0 0 2 2 0 7 5 11 1 7 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-macula-pt-verb-hNKMUtUC",
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-macula-pt-verb-s3AGGWtz",
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculare"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin maculare",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maculer"
},
"expansion": "French maculer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin maculare or French maculer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a macula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "maculând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "maculat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
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{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "nu macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "nu maculați",
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"negative",
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{
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"2": "maculat"
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"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to mark, to spoil"
],
"id": "en-macula-ro-verb-aabEdGFL",
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ma.kuˈla/"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
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"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 5 2 5 0 9 8 2 4 1 0 3 3 0 0 2 2 0 7 5 11 1 7 11 1",
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{
"_dis": "81 19",
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"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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{
"word": "macular"
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],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-macula-es-verb-hNKMUtUC",
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Spanish"
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],
"tags": [
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"singular",
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{
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{
"word": "macular"
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],
"id": "en-macula-es-verb-s3AGGWtz",
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Spanish"
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],
"tags": [
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"word": "macula"
}
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"expansion": "macula",
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{
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{
"word": "macular"
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"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
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"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Catalan"
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"word": "macular"
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"word": "macula"
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"Pages with entries",
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"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lagenar macula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "macula",
"4": "",
"5": "spot on the skin or in the eye"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula",
"4": "",
"5": "spot, stain"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "macchia",
"3": "macule"
},
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"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia and macule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "maculae"
},
"expansion": "macula (plural maculas or maculae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macular"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
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[
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"oval"
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[
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"yellow"
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[
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"spot"
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[
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"retina"
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[
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"human"
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[
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"eye"
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[
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"histologically"
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[
"layer",
"layer"
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[
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"ganglion"
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[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"inner ear",
"inner ear"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
],
[
"endolymph",
"endolymph"
],
[
"otolith",
"otolith"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb."
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"luminous",
"luminous"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rather large spot or blotch of color."
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"blotch",
"blotch"
],
[
"color",
"color"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon."
],
"links": [
[
"planetary",
"planetary"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmækjʊlə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-macula.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "màcula"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huángbān",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黃斑 /黄斑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žlutá skvrna"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gele vlek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "keltatäplä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gelber Fleck"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochrí kilída",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ωχρή κηλίδα"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"alt": "おうはん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōhan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黄斑"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lakke-ye zard",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "لکهٔ زرد"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóltoje pjatnó",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жёлтое пятно́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mákula",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́кула"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in the sun",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läiskä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läikkä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "alue (depending on relative size)",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Macula of retina"
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
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"expansion": "macula",
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "maculer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of maculer"
],
"links": [
[
"maculer",
"maculer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-macula.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-macula.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian doublets",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/akula",
"Rhymes:Italian/akula/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin macula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "macchia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin macula, whence also the inherited doublet macchia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "macule",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "macula f (plural macule)",
"name": "it-noun"
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],
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],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "maculopatia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Anatomy",
"it:Astronomy",
"it:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"macula"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"macula",
"macula#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, astronomy, geology) macula"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"astronomy",
"geography",
"geology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stain, blot"
],
"links": [
[
"stain",
"stain"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"it:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"macule blotch"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"macule",
"macule#Italian"
],
[
"blotch",
"blotch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) macule blotch"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-akula"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stain, blot",
"word": "macchia"
},
{
"word": "macola"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "cognomen",
"word": "Macula"
},
{
"word": "maculō"
},
{
"word": "maculōsus"
},
{
"word": "maculātūra"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*macla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "macchia",
"3": "machja"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macchia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maquis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: maquis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Macchie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Macchie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "magle"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: magle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: magle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "màcia",
"3": "màgia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*exmacla",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "smacia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: smacia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "smagia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: smagia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
},
"expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "màccia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "macia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "maille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: malha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: maglia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "macla",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "malla",
"t": "stain"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: malla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*mancla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mangla",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mangra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "machule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: machule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mácula",
"3": "mágoa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "macule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "macule"
},
"expansion": "French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macule",
"3": "mackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mocoll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "mogall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: mogall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: mogall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "makel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: makel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Makel"
},
"expansion": "German: Makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Makel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "макула",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "machuľa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*smatlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*smh₂-tló-m",
"t": "wiping (perhaps)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμάω",
"3": "",
"4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”), from a root *smeh₂- (“to wipe”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on the skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on a garment",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the skin or coat of an animal"
],
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the leaves of a plant"
],
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a link in a chain"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "macla"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macula"
},
"expansion": "English: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: macula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin macula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mayle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mayle",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin macula. Doublet of mayle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "maculas"
},
"expansion": "macula (plural maculas)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Eye"
],
"glosses": [
"A lesion on the eye or skin."
],
"links": [
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English, rare) A lesion on the eye or skin."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmakiu̯la/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "macule"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculare"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin maculare",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maculer"
},
"expansion": "French maculer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin maculare or French maculer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a macula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "maculând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "maculat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să maculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "maculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu macula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu maculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "maculează",
"2": "maculat"
},
"expansion": "a macula (third-person singular present maculează, past participle maculat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation"
],
"glosses": [
"to mark, to spoil"
],
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ma.kuˈla/"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "macula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "macular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of macular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"macular",
"macular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for macula meaning in All languages combined (36.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.