See macula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hemimacula"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lagenar macula"
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{
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"2": "macchia",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia and macule.",
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"form": "maculas",
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"An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
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"yellow"
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"(anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
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{
"_dis1": "68 5 10 3 15",
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 5 10 3 15",
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
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"anatomy",
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{
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"code": "ca",
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "màcula"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huángbān",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黃斑 /黄斑"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žlutá skvrna"
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"feminine"
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"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "keltatäplä"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
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{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gelber Fleck"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Makula"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "el",
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"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ochrí kilída",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ωχρή κηλίδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "io",
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"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "it",
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"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
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{
"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"alt": "おうはん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ōhan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黄斑"
},
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"_dis1": "61 12 10 3 15",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lakke-ye zard",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "لکهٔ زرد"
},
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"word": "жёлтое пятно́"
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"A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
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[
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],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-7NTf1zr8",
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[
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[
"sun",
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],
[
"luminous",
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[
"orb",
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],
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{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
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"roman": "petno",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "27 0 44 30 0",
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"note": "in the sun",
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{
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"sense": "large blot or splotch",
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},
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"tags": [
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{
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{
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"word": "skaza"
},
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]
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"_dis": "27 16 18 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 17 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 16 18 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 15 17 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 16 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 5 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 16 16 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 16 18 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 18 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 11 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 16 15 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 16 18 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 16 17 10 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon."
],
"id": "en-macula-en-noun-He-5hWGg",
"links": [
[
"planetary",
"planetary"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 3 29 1 62",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 29 1 62",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 29 1 62",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "alue (depending on relative size)",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 29 1 62",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plama"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmækjʊlə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-macula.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hemimacula"
},
{
"word": "lagenar macula"
},
{
"word": "macular"
},
{
"word": "maculopathy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "macula",
"4": "",
"5": "spot on the skin or in the eye"
},
"expansion": "Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "macula",
"4": "",
"5": "spot, stain"
},
"expansion": "Latin macula (“spot, stain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macchia",
"3": "macule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of macchia and macule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia and macule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "maculae"
},
"expansion": "macula (plural maculas or maculae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"sense": "oval yellow spot near the center of the retina",
"word": "macular"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"oval",
"oval"
],
[
"yellow",
"yellow"
],
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"retina",
"retina"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"histologically",
"histologically"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"ganglion",
"ganglion"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"inner ear",
"inner ear"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
],
[
"endolymph",
"endolymph"
],
[
"otolith",
"otolith"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb."
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"luminous",
"luminous"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rather large spot or blotch of color."
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"blotch",
"blotch"
],
[
"color",
"color"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon."
],
"links": [
[
"planetary",
"planetary"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmækjʊlə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-macula.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-macula.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "màcula"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "huángbān",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黃斑 /黄斑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žlutá skvrna"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gele vlek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "keltatäplä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula lutea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gelber Fleck"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Makula"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ochrí kilída",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ωχρή κηλίδα"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"alt": "おうはん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ōhan",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "黄斑"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lakke-ye zard",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"word": "لکهٔ زرد"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plamka żółta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "žóltoje pjatnó",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жёлтое пятно́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "mákula",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́кула"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gul fläck"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "in the sun",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "spot",
"word": "makulo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plamka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mácula"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "spot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läiskä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"word": "läikkä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macula"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plama"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skaza"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "large blot or splotch",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancha"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "pilkku"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"word": "täplä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "alue (depending on relative size)",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plama"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for macula meaning in English (9.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.