"macula" meaning in Latin

See macula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈma.ku.la/ [Classical], [ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä] [Classical], /ˈma.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈmäːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), /ˈma.ku.laː/ [Classical], [ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː] [Classical], /ˈma.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈmäːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (possibly meaning “wiping”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*smatlom}} Proto-Italic *smatlom, {{inh|la|ine-pro||*smh₂-tló-m}} Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m, {{cog|grc|σμάω||I wipe clean, cleanse}} Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”) Head templates: {{la-noun|macula<1>}} macula f (genitive maculae); first declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|macula<1>}} Forms: maculae [genitive], macula [nominative, singular], maculae [nominative, plural], maculae [genitive, singular], maculārum [genitive, plural], maculae [dative, singular], maculīs [dative, plural], maculam [accusative, singular], maculās [accusative, plural], maculā [ablative, singular], maculīs [ablative, plural], macula [singular, vocative], maculae [plural, vocative]
  1. in a bad sense
    (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
    Tags: declension-1, feminine, literally, usually
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-ej-n7keY Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  2. in a bad sense
    (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
    (literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish
    (on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)
    Tags: declension-1, feminine, literally, usually
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-D9HnSxha Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 4 32 5 4 8 9 9 19 10 Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  3. in a bad sense
    (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
    (literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish
    (on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement
    Tags: declension-1, feminine, literally, usually
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-lGWUMEqg Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  4. in a bad sense
    (figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character
    Tags: declension-1, feminine, figuratively
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-w1n1XQW6 Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  5. in a bad sense
    (transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight
    Tags: declension-1, feminine
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-9MqpWPaK Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  6. in a neutral sense
    any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar
    on the skin or coat of an animal
    Tags: declension-1, feminine
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-9tebswKX Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  7. in a neutral sense
    any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar
    on the leaves of a plant
    Tags: declension-1, feminine
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-YWApwY8p Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  8. in a neutral sense
    (transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web
    (Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour
    Tags: Medieval-Latin, declension-1, feminine, in particular
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-I9N3xF1v Categories (other): Medieval Latin, Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
  9. in a neutral sense
    (transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web
    (Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain
    Tags: Medieval-Latin, declension-1, feminine
    Sense id: en-macula-la-noun-Ue59Qpew Categories (other): Medieval Latin, Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: macla [Medieval-Latin] Derived forms: Macula (alt: cognomen), maculō, maculōsus, maculātūra

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for macula meaning in Latin (18.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "cognomen",
      "word": "Macula"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "maculō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "maculōsus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "maculātūra"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*macla"
          },
          "expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "macchia",
            "3": "machja"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "macchia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: macchia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "maquis",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: maquis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Macchie",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Macchie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "macchia"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: macchia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "macchia"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Padanian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "magle"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: magle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: magle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "màcia",
            "3": "màgia"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*exmacla",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "smacia"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: smacia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "smagia"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: smagia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
          },
          "expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "màccia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "macia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "maille"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "malha"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: malha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "maglia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: maglia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "magghia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ibero-romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "macla",
            "slb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "malla",
            "t": "stain"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "malha"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*mancla"
          },
          "expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mangla",
            "nolb": "1",
            "slb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mangra",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "màcula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "machule",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: machule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mágoa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: mágoa",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "semi-learned"
          },
          "expansion": "(semi-learned)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: mágoa (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "macule",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: macule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "macule"
          },
          "expansion": "French: macule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: macule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "macule",
            "3": "mackle",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "mocoll",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "mogall"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: mogall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: mogall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "makel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old High German: makel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Makel"
          },
          "expansion": "German: Makel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: Makel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mácula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mágoa"
          },
          "expansion": "mágoa",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "semi-learned"
          },
          "expansion": "(semi-learned)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "макула",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "màcula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mácula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "machuľa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*smatlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*smh₂-tló-m"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σμάω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (possibly meaning “wiping”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "macula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "macula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-ej-n7keY",
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 32 5 4 8 9 9 19 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-D9HnSxha",
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ],
        [
          "stain",
          "stain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literally and in particular; on the skin; on the skin",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-lGWUMEqg",
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ],
        [
          "stain",
          "stain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literally and in particular; on a garment; on a garment",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-w1n1XQW6",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-9MqpWPaK",
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
        "on the skin or coat of an animal"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-9tebswKX",
      "links": [
        [
          "variegation",
          "variegation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
        "on the leaves of a plant"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-YWApwY8p",
      "links": [
        [
          "variegation",
          "variegation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Medieval Latin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-I9N3xF1v",
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "in particular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Medieval Latin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "a link in a chain"
      ],
      "id": "en-macula-la-noun-Ue59Qpew",
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "macla"
    }
  ],
  "word": "macula"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "cognomen",
      "word": "Macula"
    },
    {
      "word": "maculō"
    },
    {
      "word": "maculōsus"
    },
    {
      "word": "maculātūra"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*macla"
          },
          "expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "macchia",
            "3": "machja"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "macchia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: macchia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "maquis",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: maquis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Macchie",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Macchie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "macchia"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: macchia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "macchia"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Padanian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "magle"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: magle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: magle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "màcia",
            "3": "màgia"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "macia"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*exmacla",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "smacia"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: smacia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "smagia"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: smagia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
          },
          "expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "màccia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "macia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "maille"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "malha"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: malha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "maglia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: maglia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "magghia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ibero-romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "macla",
            "slb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "malla",
            "t": "stain"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "malla"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: malla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: malla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "malha"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: malha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "*mancla"
          },
          "expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: mancha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mancha"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mangla",
            "nolb": "1",
            "slb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mangra",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "màcula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "machule",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: machule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mágoa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: mágoa",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "semi-learned"
          },
          "expansion": "(semi-learned)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: mágoa (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "macula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "macule",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: macule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "macule"
          },
          "expansion": "French: macule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: macule"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "macule",
            "3": "mackle",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "mocoll",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "mogall"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: mogall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: mogall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "makel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old High German: makel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Makel"
          },
          "expansion": "German: Makel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: Makel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mácula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "mágoa"
          },
          "expansion": "mágoa",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "semi-learned"
          },
          "expansion": "(semi-learned)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "макула",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "màcula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "mácula",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "machuľa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*smatlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*smh₂-tló-m"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σμάω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (possibly meaning “wiping”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "macula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "macula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ],
        [
          "stain",
          "stain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literally and in particular; on the skin; on the skin",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ],
        [
          "speck",
          "speck"
        ],
        [
          "stain",
          "stain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literally and in particular; on a garment; on a garment",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
        "(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
        "(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "literally",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with transferred senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
      ],
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a bad sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
        "on the skin or coat of an animal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "variegation",
          "variegation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
        "on the leaves of a plant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "variegation",
          "variegation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with transferred senses",
        "Medieval Latin"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
      ],
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-1",
        "feminine",
        "in particular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with transferred senses",
        "Medieval Latin"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "a link in a chain"
      ],
      "qualifier": "transferred sense",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "in a neutral sense",
        "(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
        "(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "macula",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "form": "maculā",
      "ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "macla"
    }
  ],
  "word": "macula"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.