See macula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "cognomen",
"word": "Macula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maculātūra"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*macla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "macchia",
"3": "machja"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macchia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maquis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: maquis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Macchie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Macchie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "magle"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: magle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: magle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "màcia",
"3": "màgia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*exmacla",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "smacia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: smacia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "smagia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: smagia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
},
"expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "màccia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "macia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "maille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: malha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: maglia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "macla",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "malla",
"t": "stain"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: malla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*mancla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mangla",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mangra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "machule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: machule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mácula",
"3": "mágoa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "macule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "macule"
},
"expansion": "French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macule",
"3": "mackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mocoll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "mogall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: mogall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: mogall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "makel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: makel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Makel"
},
"expansion": "German: Makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Makel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "макула",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "machuľa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*smatlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*smh₂-tló-m",
"t": "wiping (perhaps)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμάω",
"3": "",
"4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”), from a root *smeh₂- (“to wipe”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-ej-n7keY",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-D9HnSxha",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on the skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-lGWUMEqg",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on a garment",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-w1n1XQW6",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-9MqpWPaK",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the skin or coat of an animal"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-9tebswKX",
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the leaves of a plant"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-YWApwY8p",
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 10 4 4 8 8 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-I9N3xF1v",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 10 4 4 8 8 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a link in a chain"
],
"id": "en-macula-la-noun-Ue59Qpew",
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "macla"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "cognomen",
"word": "Macula"
},
{
"word": "maculō"
},
{
"word": "maculōsus"
},
{
"word": "maculātūra"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*macla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *macla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *macla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "macchia",
"3": "machja"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: macchia, machja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: macchia, machja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macchia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maquis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: maquis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: maquis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Macchie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Macchie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Macchie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: macchia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "macchia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: macchia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: macchia (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "magle"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: magle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: magle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "màcia",
"3": "màgia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: màcia, màgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: màcia, màgia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "macia"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: macia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*exmacla",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "From ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exmacla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "smacia"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: smacia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: smacia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "smagia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: smagia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: smagia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Probably through another Padanian language"
},
"expansion": "(Probably through another Padanian language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Unclear borrowings (Probably through another Padanian language):"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "màccia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: màccia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: màccia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "macia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: macia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: macia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "maille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: maille\nFrench: maille\n→ Middle English: mayle, mail, maile, maille, male, mayl, mayll, maylle, meile\nEnglish: mail\nScots: mail\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“mesh”)\nGalician: malla\nPortuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: malla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: malha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: maglia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: maglia"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: magghia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: magghia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "macla",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: macla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "malla",
"t": "stain"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: malla (“stain”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "malla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: malla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: malla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*mancla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *mancla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: mancha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: mancha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mancha"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mancha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mangla",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ mangla (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mancha → mangla (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mangra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mangra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mangra"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "machule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: machule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: machule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mácula",
"3": "mágoa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: mácula, mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: macula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "macula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: macula, macule\nEnglish: macula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "macule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "macule"
},
"expansion": "French: macule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: macule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macule",
"3": "mackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: macule, mackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: macule, mackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mocoll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: mocoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: mocoll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "mogall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: mogall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: mogall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "makel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: makel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Makel"
},
"expansion": "German: Makel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Makel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: mácula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "semi-learned"
},
"expansion": "(semi-learned)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "макула",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: макула (makula)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: макула (makula)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "màcula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: màcula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: màcula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mácula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: mácula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: mácula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "machuľa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: machuľa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: machuľa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*smatlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *smatlom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*smh₂-tló-m",
"t": "wiping (perhaps)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμάω",
"3": "",
"4": "I wipe clean, cleanse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (perhaps)”), from a root *smeh₂- (“to wipe”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "maculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"expansion": "macula f (genitive maculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "macula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on the skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"speck",
"speck"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
],
"qualifier": "on a garment",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain",
"(literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish",
"(on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a bad sense",
"(transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the skin or coat of an animal"
],
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar",
"on the leaves of a plant"
],
"links": [
[
"variegation",
"variegation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in particular"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"a link in a chain"
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"in a neutral sense",
"(transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web",
"(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "macula",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.laː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "/ˈma.ku.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "maculā",
"ipa": "[ˈmäːkulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "macla"
}
],
"word": "macula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for macula meaning in Latin (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.