See lexeme on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexemehood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexemic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lexis"
},
"expansion": "Latin lexis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέξις",
"4": "",
"5": "word"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis, “word”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eme"
},
"expansion": "-eme",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lexis, from Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis, “word”) + -eme, a suffix indicating a fundamental unit in some aspect of linguistic structure, on the model of phoneme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lexemes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lexeme (plural lexemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexicon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexome"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lexical unit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chereme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chroneme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "grapheme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypheme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lingueme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "listeme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "morpheme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "phoneme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "principal part"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "solideme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "term"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toneme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "word"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 17 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 21 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -eme",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 17 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 17 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 20 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 18 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 22 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 18 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 22 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 23 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 19 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 22 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 20 20 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 22 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 20 23 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "39 18 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 20 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "39 21 21 19",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "40 18 23 19",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "40 18 23 19",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "38 18 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 20 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "37 21 24 18",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 20 17",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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{
"_dis": "40 19 23 18",
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{
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{
"_dis": "38 19 21 22",
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{
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"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "40 19 21 20",
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{
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{
"_dis": "45 18 21 17",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Semantics",
"orig": "en:Semantics",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 118:",
"text": "A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning, which exists regardless of any inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. Thus, fibrillate, rain cats and dogs, and come in are all lexemes, as are elephant, jog, cholesterol, happiness, put up with, face the music, and hundreds of thousands of other meaningful items in English.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 September 25, Rochelle Lieber, Pavol Stekauer, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology, page 347:",
"text": "In a typical lexicalist approach (e.g. Koontz-Garboden 2006), the unmarked lexeme is taken as lexically listed, even if its meaning (as it often does) includes templatic entailments, and the derivational morphology is taken to operate on the underived form to yield the derived form. This is the case not only morphologically, but also semantically.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"The abstract minimum unit of language or meaning that underlies such a set."
],
"id": "en-lexeme-en-noun-en:lexical_item_corresponding_to_set_of_inflected_forms_of_a_lemma",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"lexical",
"lexical"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"multi-word expression",
"multi-word expression"
],
[
"semantically",
"semantics"
],
[
"inflection",
"inflection"
],
[
"basic form",
"basic form"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
],
[
"unit of language",
"unit of language"
],
[
"underlie",
"underlie"
]
],
"qualifier": "strictly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"(strictly) The abstract minimum unit of language or meaning that underlies such a set."
],
"senseid": [
"en:lexical item corresponding to set of inflected forms of a lemma",
"en:semanteme"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lexical item"
},
{
"word": "semanteme"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"The set itself; a lexemic family."
],
"id": "en-lexeme-en-noun-en:lexical_item_corresponding_to_set_of_inflected_forms_of_a_lemma1",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"lexical",
"lexical"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"multi-word expression",
"multi-word expression"
],
[
"semantically",
"semantics"
],
[
"inflection",
"inflection"
],
[
"basic form",
"basic form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"(loosely, metonymically) The set itself; a lexemic family."
],
"senseid": [
"en:lexical item corresponding to set of inflected forms of a lemma",
"en:lexemic family"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"metonymically"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
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"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
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],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "For the second sense, where “word” means “item that should have its own dictionary entry,” lexicographers sometimes use the term “lemma,” but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the term lexeme is now standard, and I’ll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the term word-form. ¶ And as a typographical convention, from now on I’ll always put lexeme names in bold italics with a capital letter. So I’ll say there is a lexeme called Pamper [emphasis in original]. It’s the name of a small collection of word-forms with particular spellings – four of them: pamper, pampered, pampering, and pampers. I will always put word-forms (and all the phrases and clauses I mention as examples) in italics.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"The wordform chosen to represent such a set or family."
],
"id": "en-lexeme-en-noun-en:lexical_item_corresponding_to_set_of_inflected_forms_of_a_lemma1",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"lexical",
"lexical"
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"set",
"set"
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[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"multi-word expression",
"multi-word expression"
],
[
"semantically",
"semantics"
],
[
"inflection",
"inflection"
],
[
"basic form",
"basic form"
],
[
"wordform",
"wordform"
],
[
"represent",
"represent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"(loosely, metonymically) The wordform chosen to represent such a set or family."
],
"senseid": [
"en:lexical item corresponding to set of inflected forms of a lemma",
"en:lemma as representative of a lexemic family"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "base form"
},
{
"word": "basic form"
},
{
"word": "canonical form"
},
{
"word": "citation form"
},
{
"word": "dictionary form"
},
{
"word": "headword"
},
{
"word": "lemma"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"metonymically"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An individual instance of a continuous character sequence without spaces, used in lexical analysis (see token)."
],
"id": "en-lexeme-en-noun-tuYCjOJ4",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
],
[
"lexical analysis",
"lexical analysis"
],
[
"token",
"token"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) An individual instance of a continuous character sequence without spaces, used in lexical analysis (see token)."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 6 83",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "císù",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "詞素 /词素"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 6 83",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "simbolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 6 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "lekseemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 6 83",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "les"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 6 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕkˈsēmˌ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛkˌsiːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lexeme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-lexeme.ogg/En-us-lexeme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-lexeme.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liksīm",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لِكْسِيم"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mufrada",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُفْرَدَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙuytʻ",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "բառույթ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljeksjéma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексэ́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíwèi",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞位 /词位"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíhuì dānwèi",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞彙單位 /词汇单位"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cí",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞 /词"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "císù",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞素 /词素"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexém"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexeem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lekseem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lekseemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexème"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "leksema",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "ლექსემა"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lexem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "léxima",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέξημα"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śabdim",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "शब्दिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "les"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "flettiorð"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lexemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lessema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"alt": "ごいそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "goiso",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "語彙素"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vaccaʼnaʼtaa",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "វចនតា"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eohwiso",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "어휘소"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leksema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "leksema",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексема"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kōśimaṁ",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"jargon"
],
"word": "കോശിമം"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "takvâže",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "تکواژه"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "semantema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лексем"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 23 29 13",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "từ vị"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lexeme"
],
"word": "lexeme"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n-p"
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"expansion": "lexeme n pl",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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}
],
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{
"word": "lexem"
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"plural of lexem"
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"id": "en-lexeme-ro-noun-stHTTax6",
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[
"lexem",
"lexem#Romanian"
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],
"tags": [
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"neuter",
"plural"
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{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
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"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms suffixed with -eme",
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"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Semantics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lexemehood"
},
{
"word": "lexemic"
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lexis"
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"expansion": "Latin lexis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέξις",
"4": "",
"5": "word"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eme"
},
"expansion": "-eme",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lexis, from Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis, “word”) + -eme, a suffix indicating a fundamental unit in some aspect of linguistic structure, on the model of phoneme.",
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{
"form": "lexemes",
"tags": [
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}
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lexeme (plural lexemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"word": "lexicon"
},
{
"word": "lexis"
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{
"word": "lexome"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"word": "lexical"
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{
"word": "lexical unit"
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{
"word": "chereme"
},
{
"word": "chroneme"
},
{
"word": "grapheme"
},
{
"word": "hypheme"
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{
"word": "lingueme"
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{
"word": "listeme"
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{
"word": "morpheme"
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{
"word": "phoneme"
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{
"word": "principal part"
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{
"word": "solideme"
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{
"word": "term"
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{
"word": "toneme"
},
{
"word": "word"
}
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
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{
"ref": "2003, David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 118:",
"text": "A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning, which exists regardless of any inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. Thus, fibrillate, rain cats and dogs, and come in are all lexemes, as are elephant, jog, cholesterol, happiness, put up with, face the music, and hundreds of thousands of other meaningful items in English.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 September 25, Rochelle Lieber, Pavol Stekauer, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology, page 347:",
"text": "In a typical lexicalist approach (e.g. Koontz-Garboden 2006), the unmarked lexeme is taken as lexically listed, even if its meaning (as it often does) includes templatic entailments, and the derivational morphology is taken to operate on the underived form to yield the derived form. This is the case not only morphologically, but also semantically.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"The abstract minimum unit of language or meaning that underlies such a set."
],
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"(strictly) The abstract minimum unit of language or meaning that underlies such a set."
],
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"word": "lexical item"
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{
"word": "semanteme"
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
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"glosses": [
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"The set itself; a lexemic family."
],
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[
"linguistics",
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"(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"(loosely, metonymically) The set itself; a lexemic family."
],
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"ref": "2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "For the second sense, where “word” means “item that should have its own dictionary entry,” lexicographers sometimes use the term “lemma,” but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the term lexeme is now standard, and I’ll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the term word-form. ¶ And as a typographical convention, from now on I’ll always put lexeme names in bold italics with a capital letter. So I’ll say there is a lexeme called Pamper [emphasis in original]. It’s the name of a small collection of word-forms with particular spellings – four of them: pamper, pampered, pampering, and pampers. I will always put word-forms (and all the phrases and clauses I mention as examples) in italics.",
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"(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.",
"(loosely, metonymically) The wordform chosen to represent such a set or family."
],
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"en:lemma as representative of a lexemic family"
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "base form"
},
{
"word": "basic form"
},
{
"word": "canonical form"
},
{
"word": "citation form"
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{
"word": "dictionary form"
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{
"word": "headword"
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{
"word": "lemma"
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],
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"topics": [
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{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"An individual instance of a continuous character sequence without spaces, used in lexical analysis (see token)."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
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"character"
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"(computing) An individual instance of a continuous character sequence without spaces, used in lexical analysis (see token)."
],
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"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕkˈsēmˌ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛkˌsiːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lexeme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-lexeme.ogg/En-us-lexeme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-lexeme.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liksīm",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لِكْسِيم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mufrada",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُفْرَدَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙuytʻ",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "բառույթ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljeksjéma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексэ́ма"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíwèi",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞位 /词位"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíhuì dānwèi",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞彙單位 /词汇单位"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cí",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞 /词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "císù",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "詞素 /词素"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexém"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexeem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksemo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lekseem"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lekseemi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexème"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "leksema",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "ლექსემა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lexem"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "léxima",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέξημα"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śabdim",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "शब्दिम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "les"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "flettiorð"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "lexemo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lessema"
},
{
"alt": "ごいそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "goiso",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "語彙素"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vaccaʼnaʼtaa",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "វចនតា"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eohwiso",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "어휘소"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leksema"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "leksema",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексема"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kōśimaṁ",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"jargon"
],
"word": "കോശിമം"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "takvâže",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "تکواژه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "semantema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лексем"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leksem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lexema"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lexem"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma",
"word": "từ vị"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "císù",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "詞素 /词素"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "simbolo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"word": "lekseemi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "les"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lekséma",
"sense": "computing: continuous character sequence without spaces",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лексе́ма"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lexeme"
],
"word": "lexeme"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n-p"
},
"expansion": "lexeme n pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lexem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of lexem"
],
"links": [
[
"lexem",
"lexem#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "lexeme"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lexeme meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.