See grapheme on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grapheme-color"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γράφω",
"4": "",
"5": "write"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “write”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-gram"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -gram",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “write”) + -eme. Doublet of -gram.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graphemes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grapheme (plural graphemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gra‧pheme‧graph‧eme"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 40 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 45 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 32 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 33 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 34 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Balinese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 33 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 33 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 33 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 31 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 35 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 33 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 33 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 32 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 36 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 33 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 31 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 33 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 36 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 34 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 33 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 34 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 33 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 35 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 34 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "en:Writing",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "For instance, it is convenient to refer to a single Chinese character as being a grapheme in some contexts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fundamental unit of a writing system, corresponding to (for example) letters in the English alphabet or jamo in Korean hangul."
],
"id": "en-grapheme-en-noun-aUasu5zu",
"links": [
[
"writing system",
"writing system"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"jamo",
"jamo"
],
[
"hangul",
"hangul"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gruytʻ",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "գրույթ"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ban",
"lang": "Balinese",
"roman": "aksarabaga",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "ᬳᬓ᭄ᬲᬭᬩᬕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrafjéma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "graféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìsù",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字素"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìwèi",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字位"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafém"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grafeem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafeemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "graphème"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "grapema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "გრაფემა"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Graphem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gráfima",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γράφημα"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גְּרָפֶמָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "graféma"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"alt": "しょきそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shokiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "書記素"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"alt": "じそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字素"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"alt": "もじそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mojiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "文字素"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"alt": "ずけいそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zukeiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "図形素"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "grafema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "графема"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jaso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "자소"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munjaso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "문자소"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seogiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "서기소"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grafema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графема"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "graféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра̀фе̄м"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gràfēm"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafima"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graféma"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùai-àk-kà-rà",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "หน่วยอักขระ"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hraféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 33 7",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "tự vị"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 40 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 45 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Richard Gillam, chapter 4, in Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 118:",
"text": "Even so, it's important for Unicode-friendly applications to deal with text in their user interfaces as a series of graphemes and not as a series of Unicode code points […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system."
],
"id": "en-grapheme-en-noun-Yroa2uyr",
"links": [
[
"Unicode",
"Unicode"
],
[
"code point",
"code point"
],
[
"writing system",
"writing system"
]
],
"qualifier": "Unicode",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Unicode) A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grapheme cluster"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 40 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 45 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1987, David Caplan, Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 234:",
"text": "The term for a letter or combination of letters which represents a particular sound is a “grapheme”. Languages like Italian and Serbo-Croatian have very simple “grapheme–phoneme conversion” rules.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Flavia Belpoliti, Encarna Bermejo, Spanish Heritage Learners' Emerging Literacy: Empirical Research and Classroom Practice, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "In terms of specific graphemes, Table 2.5 identifies the most frequent inconsistent phoneme-to-grapheme patterns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In alphabetic writing, the shortest group of letters composing a phoneme."
],
"id": "en-grapheme-en-noun-5H5-COCz",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"phoneme",
"phoneme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) In alphabetic writing, the shortest group of letters composing a phoneme."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæ.fiːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæ.fim/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "grapheme"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Urdu translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Balinese translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Writing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grapheme-color"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γράφω",
"4": "",
"5": "write"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “write”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-gram"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -gram",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “write”) + -eme. Doublet of -gram.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graphemes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grapheme (plural graphemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gra‧pheme‧graph‧eme"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "For instance, it is convenient to refer to a single Chinese character as being a grapheme in some contexts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fundamental unit of a writing system, corresponding to (for example) letters in the English alphabet or jamo in Korean hangul."
],
"links": [
[
"writing system",
"writing system"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"jamo",
"jamo"
],
[
"hangul",
"hangul"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Richard Gillam, chapter 4, in Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 118:",
"text": "Even so, it's important for Unicode-friendly applications to deal with text in their user interfaces as a series of graphemes and not as a series of Unicode code points […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system."
],
"links": [
[
"Unicode",
"Unicode"
],
[
"code point",
"code point"
],
[
"writing system",
"writing system"
]
],
"qualifier": "Unicode",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Unicode) A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grapheme cluster"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1987, David Caplan, Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 234:",
"text": "The term for a letter or combination of letters which represents a particular sound is a “grapheme”. Languages like Italian and Serbo-Croatian have very simple “grapheme–phoneme conversion” rules.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Flavia Belpoliti, Encarna Bermejo, Spanish Heritage Learners' Emerging Literacy: Empirical Research and Classroom Practice, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "In terms of specific graphemes, Table 2.5 identifies the most frequent inconsistent phoneme-to-grapheme patterns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In alphabetic writing, the shortest group of letters composing a phoneme."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"phoneme",
"phoneme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) In alphabetic writing, the shortest group of letters composing a phoneme."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæ.fiːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-grapheme.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæ.fim/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gruytʻ",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "գրույթ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"code": "ban",
"lang": "Balinese",
"roman": "aksarabaga",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "ᬳᬓ᭄ᬲᬭᬩᬕ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrafjéma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "graféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìsù",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìwèi",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字位"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafém"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grafeem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafemo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafeemi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "graphème"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "grapema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "გრაფემა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Graphem"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gráfima",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γράφημα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גְּרָפֶמָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "graféma"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"alt": "しょきそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shokiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "書記素"
},
{
"alt": "じそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "字素"
},
{
"alt": "もじそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mojiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "文字素"
},
{
"alt": "ずけいそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zukeiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "図形素"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "grafema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "графема"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jaso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "자소"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munjaso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "문자소"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seogiso",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "서기소"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grafema",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графема"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "graféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра̀фе̄м"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gràfēm"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafima"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graféma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grafema"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "grafem"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùai-àk-kà-rà",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "หน่วยอักขระ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hraféma",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "графе́ма"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "fundamental unit of a writing system",
"word": "tự vị"
}
],
"word": "grapheme"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grapheme meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.