"jackal" meaning in All languages combined

See jackal on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈd͡ʒækəl/ Audio: en-us-jackal.ogg [US] Forms: jackals [plural]
Rhymes: -ækəl Etymology: From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|chacal}} French chacal, {{m|fr|chacale}} chacale, {{m|fr|checale}} checale, {{m|fr|schakal}} schakal, {{m|fr|ciacale}} ciacale, {{der|en|tr|çakal}} Turkish çakal, {{der|en|fa|شغال|tr=šağâl}} Persian شغال (šağâl), {{der|en|sa|शृगाल|t=jackal}} Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} jackal (plural jackals)
  1. Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf. Categories (topical): People Hypernyms (any of certain wild canids of genus Canis): canid, dog Hyponyms (any of certain wild canids of genus Canis): golden jackal (taxonomic: Canis aureus), black-backed jackal (alt: Cape jackal, East African jackal) (taxonomic: Canis mesomelas), side-striped jackal (taxonomic: Canis adustus) Related terms (canids): canid Translations (wild canine): абга (abga) (Abkhaz), wákri (Afar), jakkals (Afrikaans), çakall [masculine] (Albanian), θώς (thṓs) [feminine, masculine] (Ancient Greek), λυκοπάνθηρ (lukopánthēr) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), اِبْن آوَى (ibn ʔāwā) [masculine] (Arabic), ܝܪܘܪܐ (yārōrā) [Classical-Syriac, feminine] (Aramaic), ܫܓܠ (šəḡal) [Classical-Syriac, masculine] (Aramaic), יָרוֹרָא (yārōrā) [feminine] (Aramaic), շնագայլ (šnagayl) (Armenian), শিয়াল (xial) (Assamese), sial (Atong (India)), çaqqal (Azerbaijani), txakal (Basque), шака́л (šakál) [masculine] (Belarusian), শৃগাল (srigal) (Bengali), শিয়াল (śiẏal) (Bengali), aourgi [masculine] (Breton), чака́л (čakál) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ခွေးအ (hkwe:a.) (Burmese), ခှေး (Burmese), xacal [masculine] (Catalan), ⵓⵛⵛⵏ (uccn) [masculine] (Central Atlas Tamazight), ⵜⵓⵛⵛⵏⵜ (tuccnt) [feminine] (Central Atlas Tamazight), چەقەڵ (çeqell) (Central Kurdish), чагӏалкх (čağalq) (Chechen), nkhandwe (Chichewa), 胡狼 (húláng) (Chinese Mandarin), 狐狼 (húláng) (Chinese Mandarin), 豺狼 (cháiláng) (Chinese Mandarin), ⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ (boiši) (Coptic), çaqal (Crimean Tatar), šakal [masculine] (Czech), sjakal [common-gender] (Danish), spe (Demotic), jakhals [masculine] (Dutch), z:A-b-E17 (zꜣb) [masculine] (Egyptian), wn:n-S-E17 (wnš) [masculine] (Egyptian), ŝakalo (Esperanto), šaakal (Estonian), sjakalur [masculine] (Faroese), sakaali (Finnish), chacal [masculine] (French), chacal [masculine] (Galician), ტურა (ṭura) (Georgian), Schakal [masculine] (German), Schakalin [feminine] (German), τσακάλι (tsakáli) [neuter] (Greek), શિયાળ (śiyāḷ) [masculine] (Gujarati), dilā (Hausa), iākala (Hawaiian), ʻīlio hae (Hawaiian), תַּן (tan) [masculine] (Hebrew), אִי (i) [masculine] [biblical, religion, lifestyle] (Hebrew), सियार (siyār) [masculine] (Hindi), sakál (Hungarian), sjakali [masculine] (Icelandic), shakalo (Ido), jakal (Indonesian), seacál [masculine] (Irish), sciacallo [masculine] (Italian), sciacalla [feminine] (Italian), ジャッカル (jakkaru) (Japanese), asu alas (Javanese), ⵓⵞⴻⵏ (učen) (Kabyle), شال (śāl) [masculine] (Kashmiri), شٲج (śạ̄j) [feminine] (Kashmiri), шағал (şağal) (Kazakh), шақал (şaqal) (Kazakh), қорқау қасқыр (qorqau qasqyr) (Kazakh), សិគាល (sekiəl) (Khmer), 자칼 (jakal) (Korean), 재칼 (jaekal) (Korean), көркоо (körkoo) (Kyrgyz), чөө (cöö) (Kyrgyz), чакъал (čaq:al) (Lak), ຫມາຈອກ (mā chǭk) (english: fox, jackal, wild dog) (Lao), ຫມາຈິກຈອກ (mā chik chǭk) (Lao), canis aureus [masculine] (Latin), thōs (Latin), ciacalis [feminine, masculine] (Latin), šakālis [masculine] (Latvian), მკჲაფუ (mǩyapu) (Laz), чакъал (čaq̄al) (Lezgi), šakalas [masculine] (Lithuanian), чакал (čakal) [masculine] (Macedonian), шакал (šakal) [masculine] (Macedonian), جاکل [Jawi] (Malay), jakal [Rumi] (Malay), coo conveyrt [masculine] (Manx), цөөвөр чоно (cöövör čono) (Mongolian), çeqel (Northern Kurdish), sjakal [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), sjakal [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), chacal [masculine] (Occitan), թեպեկ (tʿepek) (Old Armenian), jeedala (Oromo), waangoo (Oromo), شغال (šoğâl) (Persian), szakal [masculine] (Polish), θώπεκας (thópekas) [masculine] (Pontic Greek), chacal [masculine] (Portuguese), ਗਿੱਦੜ (giddaṛ) [Gurmukhi, masculine] (Punjabi), گِدَّڑ (giddaṛ) [Shahmukhi, masculine] (Punjabi), 𐴇𐴞𐴥𐴘𐴝𐴓 (híiyal) (Rohingya), híiyal (Rohingya), șacal [masculine] (Romanian), шака́л (šakál) [masculine] (Russian), सृगाल (sṛgāla) [masculine] (Sanskrit), ша̏кал [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), šȁkal [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), šakal [masculine] (Slovak), šakal [masculine] (Slovene), chacal [masculine] (Spanish), mbweha [class-10, class-9] (Swahili), schakal [common-gender] (Swedish), sjakal [common-gender] (Swedish), ꠢꠤꠀꠟ (hial) (Sylheti), tsakal (Tagalog), шағол (šaġol) (Tajik), uššen [masculine] (Tarifit), turki (Tedaga), నక్క (nakka) (Telugu), แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal) (Thai), འཕར་བ ('phar ba) (Tibetan), niśācare (Tocharian B), çakal (Turkish), şagal (Turkmen), б'агьашә (ḅagʲaŝʷ) (Ubykh), шака́л (šakál) [masculine] (Ukrainian), گِیدَڑ (gīdaṛ) [masculine] (Urdu), سیار (siyār) [masculine] (Urdu), چىلبۆرە (chilböre) (Uyghur), shaqal (Uzbek), chiyaboʻri (Uzbek), chó rừng (Vietnamese), jakal (Volapük), siacal [masculine] (Welsh), till gi (Wolof), שאַקאַל (shakal) [masculine] (Yiddish), impungushe [class-10, class-9] (Zulu)
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-noun-qRGLDtHr Disambiguation of People: 12 30 29 11 14 4 Categories (other): English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 35 16 12 26 4 7 Disambiguation of 'any of certain wild canids of genus Canis': 89 3 2 5 1 Disambiguation of 'any of certain wild canids of genus Canis': 89 3 2 5 1 Disambiguation of 'canids': 58 9 8 24 1 Disambiguation of 'wild canine': 47 19 11 21 3
  2. A person who performs menial/routine tasks, a dogsbody. Categories (topical): People Translations (person who performs menial/routine tasks): შავი სამუშაოს შემსრულებელი (šavi samušaos šemsrulebeli) (Georgian), аргат (argat) [masculine] (Macedonian)
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-noun-6ixpM3KS Disambiguation of People: 12 30 29 11 14 4 Disambiguation of 'person who performs menial/routine tasks': 2 57 29 3 9
  3. (derogatory) A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator. Tags: derogatory Categories (topical): People Translations (person who behaves in an opportunistic way): çakall [masculine] (Albanian), çakalle [feminine] (Albanian), liero (Finnish), τσακάλι (tsakáli) [neuter] (Greek), sciacallo [masculine] (Italian), шака́л (šakál) [masculine] (Russian), çakal (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-noun-3poT2aOe Disambiguation of People: 12 30 29 11 14 4 Disambiguation of 'person who behaves in an opportunistic way': 1 22 68 2 6
  4. (slang, rare) A jack (the playing card). Tags: rare, slang Categories (topical): People Translations (slang for the playing card jack): boer [masculine] (Dutch), fante [masculine] (Italian)
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-noun-sHRyMO90 Disambiguation of People: 12 30 29 11 14 4 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 18 16 36 4 5 Disambiguation of 'slang for the playing card jack': 4 5 4 85 1
  5. (rugby union) A player who steals the ball at the tackle. Categories (topical): Rugby union, People
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-noun-OS05O2OR Disambiguation of People: 12 30 29 11 14 4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: jackall [obsolete] Derived forms: American jackal (english: coyote), jackal buzzard, red jackal, Simien jackal (english: Ethiopian wolf), son of a jackal Related terms: coyote, dog, fox, wolf

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈd͡ʒækəl/ Audio: en-us-jackal.ogg [US] Forms: jackals [present, singular, third-person], jackalling [participle, present], jackalled [participle, past], jackalled [past]
Rhymes: -ækəl Etymology: From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|chacal}} French chacal, {{m|fr|chacale}} chacale, {{m|fr|checale}} checale, {{m|fr|schakal}} schakal, {{m|fr|ciacale}} ciacale, {{der|en|tr|çakal}} Turkish çakal, {{der|en|fa|شغال|tr=šağâl}} Persian شغال (šağâl), {{der|en|sa|शृगाल|t=jackal}} Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”) Head templates: {{en-verb|++}} jackal (third-person singular simple present jackals, present participle jackalling, simple past and past participle jackalled)
  1. To perform menial or routine tasks
    Sense id: en-jackal-en-verb-Ff0~-V7S

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for jackal meaning in All languages combined (30.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "coyote",
      "word": "American jackal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "jackal buzzard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "red jackal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Ethiopian wolf",
      "word": "Simien jackal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "son of a jackal"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ジャッカル",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "jakkaru"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ジャッカル (jakkaru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ジャッカル (jakkaru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "자칼",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 자칼 (jakal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 자칼 (jakal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "jakal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: jakal\nIndonesian: jakal",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: jakal\nIndonesian: jakal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "แจ็กคัล",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chacal"
      },
      "expansion": "French chacal",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chacale"
      },
      "expansion": "chacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "checale"
      },
      "expansion": "checale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "schakal"
      },
      "expansion": "schakal",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ciacale"
      },
      "expansion": "ciacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "çakal"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish çakal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شغال",
        "tr": "šağâl"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شغال (šağâl)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शृगाल",
        "t": "jackal"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jackals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jackal (plural jackals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "coyote"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fox"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wolf"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 16 12 26 4 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 29 11 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1987, Brenda E. F. Beck, Peter J. Claus, Praphulladatta Goswami, Jawaharlal Handoo, editors, Folktales of India, page 289",
          "text": "In passing, it also mentions how the jackal and the tiger acquired their reddish spots. All of the animals referred to, except the deer, have tricksterlike personalities, both in this tale and in other story contexts. But the jackal is the most renowned of all for roguishness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Fred H. Harrington, The Ethiopian Wolf, page 6",
          "text": "Until recently, scientists thought Ethiopian wolves were a type of jackal. They gave Ethiopian wolves names like Semien jackal, Simenian jackal, or Ethiopian jackal.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, McComas Taylor, The Fall of the Indigo Jackal: The Discourse of Division and Pūrnabhadra's Pañcatantra, page 52",
          "text": "As we will see, the jackal is usually associated in the Indic context with death and impurity, and would therefore sit squarely at the bottom of Dumont's social hierarchy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "89 3 2 5 1",
          "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
          "word": "canid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 3 2 5 1",
          "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
          "word": "dog"
        }
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "89 3 2 5 1",
          "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
          "taxonomic": "Canis aureus",
          "word": "golden jackal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 3 2 5 1",
          "alt": "Cape jackal, East African jackal",
          "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
          "taxonomic": "Canis mesomelas",
          "word": "black-backed jackal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 3 2 5 1",
          "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
          "taxonomic": "Canis adustus",
          "word": "side-striped jackal"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-noun-qRGLDtHr",
      "links": [
        [
          "canid",
          "canid"
        ],
        [
          "Lupulella",
          "Lupulella#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Canis",
          "Canis"
        ],
        [
          "Old World",
          "Old World"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "58 9 8 24 1",
          "sense": "canids",
          "word": "canid"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ab",
          "lang": "Abkhaz",
          "roman": "abga",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "абга"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "aa",
          "lang": "Afar",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "wákri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "jakkals"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "çakall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ibn ʔāwā",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "اِبْن آوَى"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "syc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "roman": "yārōrā",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Syriac",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ܝܪܘܪܐ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "syc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "roman": "šəḡal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Syriac",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ܫܓܠ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "arc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Jewish Aramaic"
          ],
          "roman": "yārōrā",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "יָרוֹרָא"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "šnagayl",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "շնագայլ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "xcl",
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "roman": "tʿepek",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "թեպեկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "as",
          "lang": "Assamese",
          "roman": "xial",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "শিয়াল"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "aot",
          "lang": "Atong (India)",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "sial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "çaqqal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "txakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "šakál",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шака́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "srigal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "শৃগাল"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śiẏal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "শিয়াল"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tzm",
          "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
          "roman": "uccn",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ⵓⵛⵛⵏ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tzm",
          "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
          "roman": "tuccnt",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ⵜⵓⵛⵛⵏⵜ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aourgi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "čakál",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "чака́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "hkwe:a.",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ခွေးအ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ခှေး"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "xacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ce",
          "lang": "Chechen",
          "roman": "čağalq",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "чагӏалкх"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ny",
          "lang": "Chichewa",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "nkhandwe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "húláng",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "胡狼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "húláng",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "狐狼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "cháiláng",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "豺狼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cop",
          "lang": "Coptic",
          "roman": "boiši",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "çaqal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "sjakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "egx-dem",
          "lang": "Demotic",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "spe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jakhals"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "zꜣb",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "z:A-b-E17"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "wnš",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wn:n-S-E17"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ŝakalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "šaakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sjakalur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "sakaali"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṭura",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ტურა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Schakalin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "tsakáli",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "τσακάλι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "thṓs",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "θώς"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "lukopánthēr",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "λυκοπάνθηρ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "gu",
          "lang": "Gujarati",
          "roman": "śiyāḷ",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "શિયાળ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ha",
          "lang": "Hausa",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "dilā"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "iākala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ʻīlio hae"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tan",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "תַּן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "i",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "topics": [
            "biblical",
            "religion",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "אִי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "siyār",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "सियार"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "sakál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sjakali"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "shakalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "jakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "seacál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sciacallo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sciacalla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jakkaru",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ジャッカル"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "jv",
          "lang": "Javanese",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "asu alas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "kab",
          "lang": "Kabyle",
          "roman": "učen",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ⵓⵞⴻⵏ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ks",
          "lang": "Kashmiri",
          "roman": "śāl",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "شال"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ks",
          "lang": "Kashmiri",
          "roman": "śạ̄j",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "شٲج"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "şağal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "шағал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "şaqal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "шақал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "qorqau qasqyr",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "қорқау қасқыр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "sekiəl",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "សិគាល"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jakal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "자칼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jaekal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "재칼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ckb",
          "lang": "Central Kurdish",
          "roman": "çeqell",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "چەقەڵ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "çeqel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "körkoo",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "көркоо"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "cöö",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "чөө"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lbe",
          "lang": "Lak",
          "roman": "čaq:al",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "чакъал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lo",
          "english": "fox, jackal, wild dog",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "mā chǭk",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ຫມາຈອກ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "mā chik chǭk",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ຫມາຈິກຈອກ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "canis aureus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "thōs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ciacalis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šakālis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lzz",
          "lang": "Laz",
          "roman": "mǩyapu",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "მკჲაფუ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lez",
          "lang": "Lezgi",
          "roman": "čaq̄al",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "чакъал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šakalas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "čakal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "чакал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "šakal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шакал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Jawi"
          ],
          "word": "جاکل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Rumi"
          ],
          "word": "jakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "coo conveyrt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "cöövör čono",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "цөөвөр чоно"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sjakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sjakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "om",
          "lang": "Oromo",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "jeedala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "om",
          "lang": "Oromo",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "waangoo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "šoğâl",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "شغال"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "szakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "pnt",
          "lang": "Pontic Greek",
          "roman": "thópekas",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "θώπεκας"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "giddaṛ",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Gurmukhi",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ਗਿੱਦੜ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "giddaṛ",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Shahmukhi",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "گِدَّڑ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "rhg",
          "lang": "Rohingya",
          "roman": "híiyal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "𐴇𐴞𐴥𐴘𐴝𐴓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "rhg",
          "lang": "Rohingya",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "híiyal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "șacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "šakál",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шака́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "sṛgāla",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "सृगाल"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ша̏кал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šȁkal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "class-10",
            "class-9"
          ],
          "word": "mbweha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "schakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "sjakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "syl",
          "lang": "Sylheti",
          "roman": "hial",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "ꠢꠤꠀꠟ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "tsakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "šaġol",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "шағол"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "rif",
          "lang": "Tarifit",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "uššen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tuq",
          "lang": "Tedaga",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "turki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "nakka",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "నక్క"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "jɛ̀k-kal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "แจ็กคัล"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "'phar ba",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "འཕར་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "txb",
          "lang": "Tocharian B",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "niśācare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "çakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "şagal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "uby",
          "lang": "Ubykh",
          "roman": "ḅagʲaŝʷ",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "б'агьашә"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "šakál",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шака́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "gīdaṛ",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "گِیدَڑ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "siyār",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "سیار"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "chilböre",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "چىلبۆرە"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "shaqal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "chiyaboʻri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "chó rừng"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "jakal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "siacal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "wo",
          "lang": "Wolof",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "word": "till gi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "shakal",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "שאַקאַל"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "47 19 11 21 3",
          "code": "zu",
          "lang": "Zulu",
          "sense": "wild canine",
          "tags": [
            "class-10",
            "class-9"
          ],
          "word": "impungushe"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 29 11 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1819 July 1, “The Political Vis——ss”, in [John Mitford], editor, The New Bon Ton Magazine; or, Telescope of the Times, volume III, number 15, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 179",
          "text": "A nephew of hers, after receiving some learning at her ladyship's expence, got a commission, and fell upon the field of Waterloo; another is still at her heels, as a sort of jackall to fetch and carry when required.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who performs menial/routine tasks, a dogsbody."
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-noun-6ixpM3KS",
      "links": [
        [
          "dogsbody",
          "dogsbody"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 57 29 3 9",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "šavi samušaos šemsrulebeli",
          "sense": "person who performs menial/routine tasks",
          "word": "შავი სამუშაოს შემსრულებელი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 57 29 3 9",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "argat",
          "sense": "person who performs menial/routine tasks",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "аргат"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 29 11 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator."
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-noun-3poT2aOe",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "opportunistic",
          "opportunistic"
        ],
        [
          "collaborator",
          "collaborator"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "çakall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "çakalle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "word": "liero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "tsakáli",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "τσακάλι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sciacallo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "šakál",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шака́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 22 68 2 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
          "word": "çakal"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 18 16 36 4 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 29 11 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A jack (the playing card)."
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-noun-sHRyMO90",
      "links": [
        [
          "jack",
          "jack"
        ],
        [
          "playing card",
          "playing card"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, rare) A jack (the playing card)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 4 85 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "slang for the playing card jack",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "boer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 4 85 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "slang for the playing card jack",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fante"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Rugby union",
          "orig": "en:Rugby union",
          "parents": [
            "Rugby",
            "Ball games",
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 29 11 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A player who steals the ball at the tackle."
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-noun-OS05O2OR",
      "links": [
        [
          "rugby union",
          "rugby union"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "rugby union",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rugby union) A player who steals the ball at the tackle."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒækəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-jackal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg/En-us-jackal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "jackall"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "word": "jackal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chacal"
      },
      "expansion": "French chacal",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chacale"
      },
      "expansion": "chacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "checale"
      },
      "expansion": "checale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "schakal"
      },
      "expansion": "schakal",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ciacale"
      },
      "expansion": "ciacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "çakal"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish çakal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شغال",
        "tr": "šağâl"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شغال (šağâl)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शृगाल",
        "t": "jackal"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jackals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "jackal (third-person singular simple present jackals, present participle jackalling, simple past and past participle jackalled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1800, Pamphlets on British Taxation",
          "text": "They have jackalled for the great beast, to pick in turns the bones of each other; they have subserved those above, to oppress and defraud those below; and they are suffering, and, so far as classes can, justly suffering their purgation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To perform menial or routine tasks"
      ],
      "id": "en-jackal-en-verb-Ff0~-V7S",
      "links": [
        [
          "menial",
          "menial"
        ],
        [
          "routine",
          "routine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒækəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-jackal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg/En-us-jackal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "word": "jackal"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Persian",
    "English terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "English terms derived from Turkish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Rhymes:English/ækəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ækəl/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "coyote",
      "word": "American jackal"
    },
    {
      "word": "jackal buzzard"
    },
    {
      "word": "red jackal"
    },
    {
      "english": "Ethiopian wolf",
      "word": "Simien jackal"
    },
    {
      "word": "son of a jackal"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ジャッカル",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "jakkaru"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ジャッカル (jakkaru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ジャッカル (jakkaru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "자칼",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 자칼 (jakal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 자칼 (jakal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "jakal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: jakal\nIndonesian: jakal",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: jakal\nIndonesian: jakal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "แจ็กคัล",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chacal"
      },
      "expansion": "French chacal",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chacale"
      },
      "expansion": "chacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "checale"
      },
      "expansion": "checale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "schakal"
      },
      "expansion": "schakal",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ciacale"
      },
      "expansion": "ciacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "çakal"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish çakal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شغال",
        "tr": "šağâl"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شغال (šağâl)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शृगाल",
        "t": "jackal"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jackals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jackal (plural jackals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
      "word": "canid"
    },
    {
      "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
      "word": "dog"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
      "taxonomic": "Canis aureus",
      "word": "golden jackal"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Cape jackal, East African jackal",
      "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
      "taxonomic": "Canis mesomelas",
      "word": "black-backed jackal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "any of certain wild canids of genus Canis",
      "taxonomic": "Canis adustus",
      "word": "side-striped jackal"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "canids",
      "word": "canid"
    },
    {
      "word": "coyote"
    },
    {
      "word": "dog"
    },
    {
      "word": "fox"
    },
    {
      "word": "wolf"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1987, Brenda E. F. Beck, Peter J. Claus, Praphulladatta Goswami, Jawaharlal Handoo, editors, Folktales of India, page 289",
          "text": "In passing, it also mentions how the jackal and the tiger acquired their reddish spots. All of the animals referred to, except the deer, have tricksterlike personalities, both in this tale and in other story contexts. But the jackal is the most renowned of all for roguishness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Fred H. Harrington, The Ethiopian Wolf, page 6",
          "text": "Until recently, scientists thought Ethiopian wolves were a type of jackal. They gave Ethiopian wolves names like Semien jackal, Simenian jackal, or Ethiopian jackal.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, McComas Taylor, The Fall of the Indigo Jackal: The Discourse of Division and Pūrnabhadra's Pañcatantra, page 52",
          "text": "As we will see, the jackal is usually associated in the Indic context with death and impurity, and would therefore sit squarely at the bottom of Dumont's social hierarchy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "canid",
          "canid"
        ],
        [
          "Lupulella",
          "Lupulella#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Canis",
          "Canis"
        ],
        [
          "Old World",
          "Old World"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1819 July 1, “The Political Vis——ss”, in [John Mitford], editor, The New Bon Ton Magazine; or, Telescope of the Times, volume III, number 15, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 179",
          "text": "A nephew of hers, after receiving some learning at her ladyship's expence, got a commission, and fell upon the field of Waterloo; another is still at her heels, as a sort of jackall to fetch and carry when required.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who performs menial/routine tasks, a dogsbody."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dogsbody",
          "dogsbody"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "opportunistic",
          "opportunistic"
        ],
        [
          "collaborator",
          "collaborator"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A jack (the playing card)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jack",
          "jack"
        ],
        [
          "playing card",
          "playing card"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, rare) A jack (the playing card)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Rugby union"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A player who steals the ball at the tackle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rugby union",
          "rugby union"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "rugby union",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rugby union) A player who steals the ball at the tackle."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒækəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-jackal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg/En-us-jackal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "jackall"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ab",
      "lang": "Abkhaz",
      "roman": "abga",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "абга"
    },
    {
      "code": "aa",
      "lang": "Afar",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "wákri"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "jakkals"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "çakall"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ibn ʔāwā",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "اِبْن آوَى"
    },
    {
      "code": "syc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "roman": "yārōrā",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Syriac",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ܝܪܘܪܐ"
    },
    {
      "code": "syc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "roman": "šəḡal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Syriac",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ܫܓܠ"
    },
    {
      "code": "arc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Jewish Aramaic"
      ],
      "roman": "yārōrā",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "יָרוֹרָא"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "šnagayl",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "շնագայլ"
    },
    {
      "code": "xcl",
      "lang": "Old Armenian",
      "roman": "tʿepek",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "թեպեկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "as",
      "lang": "Assamese",
      "roman": "xial",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "শিয়াল"
    },
    {
      "code": "aot",
      "lang": "Atong (India)",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "sial"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "çaqqal"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "txakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "šakál",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шака́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "srigal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "শৃগাল"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śiẏal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "শিয়াল"
    },
    {
      "code": "tzm",
      "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
      "roman": "uccn",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ⵓⵛⵛⵏ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tzm",
      "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
      "roman": "tuccnt",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ⵜⵓⵛⵛⵏⵜ"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aourgi"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "čakál",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "чака́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "hkwe:a.",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ခွေးအ"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ခှေး"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "xacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ce",
      "lang": "Chechen",
      "roman": "čağalq",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "чагӏалкх"
    },
    {
      "code": "ny",
      "lang": "Chichewa",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "nkhandwe"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "húláng",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "胡狼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "húláng",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "狐狼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "cháiláng",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "豺狼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cop",
      "lang": "Coptic",
      "roman": "boiši",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "çaqal"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "sjakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "egx-dem",
      "lang": "Demotic",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "spe"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jakhals"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "zꜣb",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "z:A-b-E17"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "wnš",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wn:n-S-E17"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ŝakalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "šaakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sjakalur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "sakaali"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṭura",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ტურა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Schakalin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "tsakáli",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "τσακάλι"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "thṓs",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "θώς"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "lukopánthēr",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "λυκοπάνθηρ"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "śiyāḷ",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "શિયાળ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ha",
      "lang": "Hausa",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "dilā"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "iākala"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ʻīlio hae"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tan",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "תַּן"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "i",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biblical",
        "religion",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "אִי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "siyār",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सियार"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "sakál"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sjakali"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "shakalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "jakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "seacál"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sciacallo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sciacalla"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jakkaru",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ジャッカル"
    },
    {
      "code": "jv",
      "lang": "Javanese",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "asu alas"
    },
    {
      "code": "kab",
      "lang": "Kabyle",
      "roman": "učen",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ⵓⵞⴻⵏ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ks",
      "lang": "Kashmiri",
      "roman": "śāl",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "شال"
    },
    {
      "code": "ks",
      "lang": "Kashmiri",
      "roman": "śạ̄j",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "شٲج"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "şağal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "шағал"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "şaqal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "шақал"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "qorqau qasqyr",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "қорқау қасқыр"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "sekiəl",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "សិគាល"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jakal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "자칼"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jaekal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "재칼"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "çeqell",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "چەقەڵ"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "çeqel"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "körkoo",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "көркоо"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "cöö",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "чөө"
    },
    {
      "code": "lbe",
      "lang": "Lak",
      "roman": "čaq:al",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "чакъал"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "english": "fox, jackal, wild dog",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "mā chǭk",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ຫມາຈອກ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "mā chik chǭk",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ຫມາຈິກຈອກ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "canis aureus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "thōs"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ciacalis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šakālis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lzz",
      "lang": "Laz",
      "roman": "mǩyapu",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "მკჲაფუ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lez",
      "lang": "Lezgi",
      "roman": "čaq̄al",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "чакъал"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šakalas"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "čakal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "чакал"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "šakal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шакал"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ],
      "word": "جاکل"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Rumi"
      ],
      "word": "jakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "coo conveyrt"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "cöövör čono",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "цөөвөр чоно"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sjakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sjakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "om",
      "lang": "Oromo",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "jeedala"
    },
    {
      "code": "om",
      "lang": "Oromo",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "waangoo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "šoğâl",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "شغال"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "szakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "pnt",
      "lang": "Pontic Greek",
      "roman": "thópekas",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "θώπεκας"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "giddaṛ",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ਗਿੱਦੜ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "giddaṛ",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Shahmukhi",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "گِدَّڑ"
    },
    {
      "code": "rhg",
      "lang": "Rohingya",
      "roman": "híiyal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "𐴇𐴞𐴥𐴘𐴝𐴓"
    },
    {
      "code": "rhg",
      "lang": "Rohingya",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "híiyal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "șacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "šakál",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шака́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "sṛgāla",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सृगाल"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ша̏кал"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šȁkal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "class-9"
      ],
      "word": "mbweha"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "schakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "sjakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "syl",
      "lang": "Sylheti",
      "roman": "hial",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "ꠢꠤꠀꠟ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "tsakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "šaġol",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "шағол"
    },
    {
      "code": "rif",
      "lang": "Tarifit",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "uššen"
    },
    {
      "code": "tuq",
      "lang": "Tedaga",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "turki"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "nakka",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "నక్క"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "jɛ̀k-kal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "แจ็กคัล"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "'phar ba",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "འཕར་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "txb",
      "lang": "Tocharian B",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "niśācare"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "çakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "şagal"
    },
    {
      "code": "uby",
      "lang": "Ubykh",
      "roman": "ḅagʲaŝʷ",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "б'агьашә"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "šakál",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шака́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "gīdaṛ",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "گِیدَڑ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "siyār",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "سیار"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "chilböre",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "چىلبۆرە"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "shaqal"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "chiyaboʻri"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "chó rừng"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "jakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "siacal"
    },
    {
      "code": "wo",
      "lang": "Wolof",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "word": "till gi"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "shakal",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "שאַקאַל"
    },
    {
      "code": "zu",
      "lang": "Zulu",
      "sense": "wild canine",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "class-9"
      ],
      "word": "impungushe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "šavi samušaos šemsrulebeli",
      "sense": "person who performs menial/routine tasks",
      "word": "შავი სამუშაოს შემსრულებელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "argat",
      "sense": "person who performs menial/routine tasks",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "аргат"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "çakall"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "çakalle"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "word": "liero"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "tsakáli",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "τσακάλι"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sciacallo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "šakál",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шака́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "person who behaves in an opportunistic way",
      "word": "çakal"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "slang for the playing card jack",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "boer"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "slang for the playing card jack",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fante"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "word": "jackal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Persian",
    "English terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "English terms derived from Turkish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Rhymes:English/ækəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ækəl/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chacal"
      },
      "expansion": "French chacal",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chacale"
      },
      "expansion": "chacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "checale"
      },
      "expansion": "checale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "schakal"
      },
      "expansion": "schakal",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ciacale"
      },
      "expansion": "ciacale",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tr",
        "3": "çakal"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish çakal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شغال",
        "tr": "šağâl"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شغال (šağâl)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शृगाल",
        "t": "jackal"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jackals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jackalled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "jackal (third-person singular simple present jackals, present participle jackalling, simple past and past participle jackalled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1800, Pamphlets on British Taxation",
          "text": "They have jackalled for the great beast, to pick in turns the bones of each other; they have subserved those above, to oppress and defraud those below; and they are suffering, and, so far as classes can, justly suffering their purgation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To perform menial or routine tasks"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "menial",
          "menial"
        ],
        [
          "routine",
          "routine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒækəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-jackal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg/En-us-jackal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/En-us-jackal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "word": "jackal"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": fox, jackal vs. mā chik chǭk",
  "path": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "jackal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/382",
  "msg": "no language name in translation item: Berber",
  "path": [
    "jackal"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "jackal",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.