See hurdle on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hurdle meaning in All languages combined (35.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fall at the final hurdle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fall at the last hurdle"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ハードル",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "hādoru"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hurdel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hurdel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hirdel"
},
"expansion": "hirdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herdel"
},
"expansion": "herdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hyrdel"
},
"expansion": "hyrdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hyrdel",
"4": "",
"5": "frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier"
},
"expansion": "Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hyrd"
},
"expansion": "*hyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hurdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hurdiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kr̥h₂tis"
},
"expansion": "*kr̥h₂tis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "horde"
},
"expansion": "Dutch horde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hürde"
},
"expansion": "German Hürde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (plural hurdles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Athletics",
"orig": "en:Athletics",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Equestrianism",
"orig": "en:Equestrianism",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-noun-mIotJxGI",
"links": [
[
"athletics",
"athletics"
],
[
"equestrianism",
"equestrianism"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"athlete",
"athlete"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race."
],
"topics": [
"athletics",
"equestrianism",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraškóda",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перашко́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "barʺjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бар'е́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepjátstvie",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bariéra",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барие́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "跨欄"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuàlán",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "跨栏"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "překážka"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hæk"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horde"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "tõke"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"english": "people",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "aita"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"topics": [
"horses",
"pets",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "este"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haie"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "empódio",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εμπόδιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "frágma",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φράγμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupéralma",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ὑπέραλμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "gát"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "akadály"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ostacolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hādoru",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "ハードル"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"alt": "しょうがい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōgai",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "障害"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heodeul",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "허들"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"alt": "障害",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "janghae",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "장해"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barjera"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barjeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prečka",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пречка"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prepreka",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "препрека"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâne'",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "مانع"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "płotek"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "płot"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstáculo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "barreira"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obstacol"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvije",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "barʹjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барье́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏пона"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏прека"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpona"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prekážka"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prepreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valla"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "häck"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "engel"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškóda",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перешко́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "barʺjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бар'є́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perepóna",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перепо́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prytýčyna",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прити́чина"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 3 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "cừu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →OCLC, page 588",
"text": "My last stop was an outdoor speech to a huge crowd of Ukrainians whom I urged to stay on the course of freedom and economic reform. Kiev was beautiful in the late spring sunshine, and I hoped its people could keep up the high spirits I had observed in the crowd. They still had many hurdles to clear.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-noun-en:obstacle",
"links": [
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract."
],
"senseid": [
"en:obstacle"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaqaba",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَقَبَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraškóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перашко́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraharóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перагаро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerapóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перапо́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepjátstvie",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregráda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прегра́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障礙"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhàng'ài",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障碍"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "překážka"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forhindring"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horde"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hindernis"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drempel"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "takistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "este"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hindernis"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Barriere"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mikhshól",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מִכְשׁוֹל"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "akadály"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "nehézség"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hindrun"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constaic"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ostacolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barriera"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hādoru",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ハードル"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"alt": "しょうがいぶつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōgaibutsu",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障害物"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tumnŏəl",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ទំនាល់"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"alt": "障礙物",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jang'aemul",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "장애물"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heodeul",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "허들"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"alt": "障礙",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jang'ae",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "장애"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼu pa sak",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ອຸປະສັກ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šķērslis"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kliūtis"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prečka",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пречка"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prepreka",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "препрека"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barrièra"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barradissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâne'",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "مانع"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hindaniss"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "przeszkoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvije",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pregráda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прегра́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "препо́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏пона"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏прека"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpona"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prekážka"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prepreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ovira"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valla"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ùp-bpà-sàk",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "อุปสรรค"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перешко́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prytýčyna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прити́чина"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perehoróda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перегоро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 64 5 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perepóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перепо́на"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 414",
"text": "The practice of folding sheep was general, and the purchase of hurdles was a regular charge in the shepherd's account.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-noun-EiDk3F9Q",
"links": [
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"revetment",
"revetment"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pljacjénʹ",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пляце́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kloued"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plet",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плет"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleda"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "aitaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "claie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flechtzaun"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Färrich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "karám"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "recinto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"alt": "さく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saku",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "柵"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "pāhikohiko"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleda"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pleténʹ",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плете́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plit",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пліт"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clwyd"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1550, Francis Bacon, “A Preparation Toward the Union of Laws”, in James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, Douglas Denon Heath, editors, The Works of Francis Bacon, volume VII, London: Longman, Green & Co., page 735",
"text": "In treason, the corporal punishment is by drawing on hurdle from the place of the prison to the place of execution, and by hanging and being cut down alive, bowelling, and quartering: and in women by burning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, II.i",
"text": "Such a crew! Ah! many a wretch has rid on hurdles who has done less mischief than these utterers of forged Tales, coiners of Scandal, and clippers of Reputation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Matthew Arnold, Balder Dead, Part II, in The Poems of Matthew Arnold, 1840-1867, Oxford University Press, 1909, pp. 250-51, https://archive.org/details/cu31924013206499",
"text": "Behind flock'd wrangling up a piteous crew, / Greeted of none, disfeatur'd and forlorn— / Cowards, who were in sloughs interr'd alive: / And round them still the wattled hurdles hung / Wherewith they stamp'd them down, and trod them deep, / To hide their shameful memory from men."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sled or crate on which criminals were drawn to the place of execution."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-noun-s0Pv-9FW",
"links": [
[
"sled",
"sled"
],
[
"crate",
"crate"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, historical) A sled or crate on which criminals were drawn to the place of execution."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hurdel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hurdel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hirdel"
},
"expansion": "hirdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herdel"
},
"expansion": "herdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hyrdel"
},
"expansion": "hyrdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hyrdel",
"4": "",
"5": "frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier"
},
"expansion": "Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hyrd"
},
"expansion": "*hyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hurdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hurdiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kr̥h₂tis"
},
"expansion": "*kr̥h₂tis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "horde"
},
"expansion": "Dutch horde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hürde"
},
"expansion": "German Hürde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (third-person singular simple present hurdles, present participle hurdling, simple past and past participle hurdled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He hurdled the bench in his rush to get away.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To jump over something while running."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-verb-PKceDj6i",
"links": [
[
"jump",
"jump"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to jump over something while running",
"word": "aitoa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 15 12 13 1 2 24 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 8 9 1 2 29 18 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compete in the track and field events of hurdles (e.g. high hurdles)."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-verb-5hkY5~ch",
"links": [
[
"track and field",
"track and field"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 87 9 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compete in the track and field events of hurdles",
"word": "aitoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 9 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compete in the track and field events of hurdles",
"word": "Hürden laufen"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To overcome an obstacle."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-verb-vhNd4qrk",
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 9 90 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "voittaa este"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 9 90 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "ylittää este"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 9 90 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "eine Hürde nehmen"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-verb-CRw-4C0r",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 1 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograždam s plet",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "ограждам с плет"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 1 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "aidata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 1 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "einzäunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 1 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "vallar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (plural hurdles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hurtle"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-noun-ELyGNtAd",
"links": [
[
"hurtle",
"hurtle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(T-flapping) Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (third-person singular simple present hurdles, present participle hurdling, simple past and past participle hurdled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hurtle"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"id": "en-hurdle-en-verb-ELyGNtAd",
"links": [
[
"hurtle",
"hurtle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(T-flapping) Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fall at the final hurdle"
},
{
"word": "fall at the last hurdle"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ハードル",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "hādoru"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hurdel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hurdel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hirdel"
},
"expansion": "hirdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herdel"
},
"expansion": "herdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hyrdel"
},
"expansion": "hyrdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hyrdel",
"4": "",
"5": "frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier"
},
"expansion": "Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hyrd"
},
"expansion": "*hyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hurdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hurdiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kr̥h₂tis"
},
"expansion": "*kr̥h₂tis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "horde"
},
"expansion": "Dutch horde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hürde"
},
"expansion": "German Hürde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (plural hurdles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Athletics",
"en:Equestrianism"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race."
],
"links": [
[
"athletics",
"athletics"
],
[
"equestrianism",
"equestrianism"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"athlete",
"athlete"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race."
],
"topics": [
"athletics",
"equestrianism",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →OCLC, page 588",
"text": "My last stop was an outdoor speech to a huge crowd of Ukrainians whom I urged to stay on the course of freedom and economic reform. Kiev was beautiful in the late spring sunshine, and I hoped its people could keep up the high spirits I had observed in the crowd. They still had many hurdles to clear.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract."
],
"links": [
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract."
],
"senseid": [
"en:obstacle"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 414",
"text": "The practice of folding sheep was general, and the purchase of hurdles was a regular charge in the shepherd's account.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes."
],
"links": [
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"revetment",
"revetment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1550, Francis Bacon, “A Preparation Toward the Union of Laws”, in James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, Douglas Denon Heath, editors, The Works of Francis Bacon, volume VII, London: Longman, Green & Co., page 735",
"text": "In treason, the corporal punishment is by drawing on hurdle from the place of the prison to the place of execution, and by hanging and being cut down alive, bowelling, and quartering: and in women by burning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, II.i",
"text": "Such a crew! Ah! many a wretch has rid on hurdles who has done less mischief than these utterers of forged Tales, coiners of Scandal, and clippers of Reputation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Matthew Arnold, Balder Dead, Part II, in The Poems of Matthew Arnold, 1840-1867, Oxford University Press, 1909, pp. 250-51, https://archive.org/details/cu31924013206499",
"text": "Behind flock'd wrangling up a piteous crew, / Greeted of none, disfeatur'd and forlorn— / Cowards, who were in sloughs interr'd alive: / And round them still the wattled hurdles hung / Wherewith they stamp'd them down, and trod them deep, / To hide their shameful memory from men."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sled or crate on which criminals were drawn to the place of execution."
],
"links": [
[
"sled",
"sled"
],
[
"crate",
"crate"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, historical) A sled or crate on which criminals were drawn to the place of execution."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraškóda",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перашко́да"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "barʺjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бар'е́р"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepjátstvie",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bariéra",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барие́ра"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "跨欄"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuàlán",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "跨栏"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "překážka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hæk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horde"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "tõke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "people",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "aita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"topics": [
"horses",
"pets",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "este"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "empódio",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εμπόδιο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "frágma",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φράγμα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupéralma",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ὑπέραλμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "gát"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "akadály"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grind"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ostacolo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hādoru",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "ハードル"
},
{
"alt": "しょうがい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōgai",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "障害"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heodeul",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "허들"
},
{
"alt": "障害",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "janghae",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "장해"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barjera"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barjeras"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prečka",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пречка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prepreka",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "препрека"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâne'",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "مانع"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "płotek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "płot"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstáculo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "barreira"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obstacol"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvije",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "barʹjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барье́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏пона"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏прека"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpona"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpreka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prekážka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prepreka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "häck"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "engel"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškóda",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перешко́да"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "barʺjér",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бар'є́р"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perepóna",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перепо́на"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prytýčyna",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прити́чина"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race",
"word": "cừu"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaqaba",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَقَبَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraškóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перашко́да"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraharóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перагаро́да"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerapóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перапо́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepjátstvie",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregráda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прегра́да"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障礙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhàng'ài",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障碍"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "překážka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forhindring"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hindernis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drempel"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "takistus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "este"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barrière"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hindernis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Barriere"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mikhshól",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מִכְשׁוֹל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "akadály"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "nehézség"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hindrun"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constaic"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ostacolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barriera"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hādoru",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ハードル"
},
{
"alt": "しょうがいぶつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōgaibutsu",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "障害物"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tumnŏəl",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ទំនាល់"
},
{
"alt": "障礙物",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jang'aemul",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "장애물"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heodeul",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "허들"
},
{
"alt": "障礙",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jang'ae",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "장애"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼu pa sak",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "ອຸປະສັກ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šķērslis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kliūtis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prečka",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пречка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prepreka",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "препрека"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obstacle"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barrièra"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barradissa"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâne'",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "مانع"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hindaniss"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "przeszkoda"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvije",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препя́тствие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pregráda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прегра́да"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "препо́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏пона"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пре̏прека"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpona"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prȅpreka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prekážka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prepreka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ovira"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ùp-bpà-sàk",
"sense": "obstacle",
"word": "อุปสรรค"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškóda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перешко́да"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prytýčyna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прити́чина"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perehoróda",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перегоро́да"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perepóna",
"sense": "obstacle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перепо́на"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥājiz",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاجِز"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pljacjénʹ",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пляце́нь"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kloued"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plet",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плет"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleda"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "aitaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "claie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hürde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flechtzaun"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Färrich"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "karám"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "recinto"
},
{
"alt": "さく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saku",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "柵"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"word": "pāhikohiko"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleda"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pleténʹ",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плете́нь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plit",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пліт"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "movable frame of wattled twigs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clwyd"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hurdel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hurdel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hirdel"
},
"expansion": "hirdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herdel"
},
"expansion": "herdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hyrdel"
},
"expansion": "hyrdel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hyrdel",
"4": "",
"5": "frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier"
},
"expansion": "Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hyrd"
},
"expansion": "*hyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hurdiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hurdiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kr̥h₂tis"
},
"expansion": "*kr̥h₂tis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "horde"
},
"expansion": "Dutch horde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hürde"
},
"expansion": "German Hürde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (third-person singular simple present hurdles, present participle hurdling, simple past and past participle hurdled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He hurdled the bench in his rush to get away.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To jump over something while running."
],
"links": [
[
"jump",
"jump"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To compete in the track and field events of hurdles (e.g. high hurdles)."
],
"links": [
[
"track and field",
"track and field"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To overcome an obstacle."
],
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to jump over something while running",
"word": "aitoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compete in the track and field events of hurdles",
"word": "aitoa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compete in the track and field events of hurdles",
"word": "Hürden laufen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "voittaa este"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "ylittää este"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to overcome an obstacle",
"word": "eine Hürde nehmen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograždam s plet",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "ограждам с плет"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "aidata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "einzäunen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles",
"word": "vallar"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (plural hurdles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hurtle"
}
],
"categories": [
"English misspellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"links": [
[
"hurtle",
"hurtle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(T-flapping) Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dəl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurdles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurdled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hurdle (third-person singular simple present hurdles, present participle hurdling, simple past and past participle hurdled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hurd‧le"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hurtle"
}
],
"categories": [
"English misspellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"links": [
[
"hurtle",
"hurtle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(T-flapping) Misspelling of hurtle."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɜːdl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɝd(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dəl"
},
{
"homophone": "hurtle (t/d-flapping dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg/En-us-hurdle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/En-us-hurdle.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hûr'dəl"
}
],
"word": "hurdle"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: T-flapping",
"path": [
"hurdle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "hurdle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: T-flapping",
"path": [
"hurdle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "hurdle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: T-flapping",
"path": [
"hurdle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "hurdle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: T-flapping",
"path": [
"hurdle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "hurdle",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.