"hornbeam" meaning in All languages combined

See hornbeam on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/ [UK], /ˈhɔɹnˌbim/ [US] Audio: en-us-hornbeam.ogg [US] Forms: hornbeams [plural]
Etymology: c. 1570, from Old English horn + beam (“tree”) Etymology templates: {{inh|en|ang|horn}} Old English horn, {{m|ang|beam||tree}} beam (“tree”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} hornbeam (plural hornbeams)
  1. A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States. Categories (lifeform): Birch family plants, Woods Translations (tree of Carpinus): хьаца (xʲaca) (Abkhaz), γάβρος (gábros) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), բոխի (boxi) (Armenian), carpin [masculine] (Aromanian), scodã [feminine] (Aromanian), gavru [masculine] (Aromanian), cãrãnti [masculine] (Aromanian), лъор (lˢor) (Avar), vələs (Azerbaijani), ulas (Azerbaijani), კარცხილ (ḳarcxil) (Bats), граб (hrab) [masculine] (Belarusian), гьой (hoj) (Bezhta), габър (gabǎr) (Bulgarian), carpí [masculine] (Catalan), пха (pxa) (Chechen), 鵝耳櫪 (Chinese Mandarin), 鹅耳枥 (é'ěrlì) (Chinese Mandarin), habr [masculine] (Czech), haagbeuk [masculine] (Dutch), karpeno (Esperanto), valkopyökki (Finnish), charpena [feminine] (Franco-Provençal), charme [masculine] (French), çamar [masculine] (Friulian), carpe [masculine] (Galician), რცხილა (rcxila) (Georgian), Hainbuche [feminine] (German), Weißbuche [feminine] (German), γάβρος (gávros) [masculine] (Greek), gyertyán (Hungarian), karpino (Ido), пхьан (pḥʳan) (Ingush), crann sleamhain [masculine] (Irish), carpano [masculine] (Istriot), carpino [masculine] (Italian), 四手 (Japanese), (shide) (Japanese), велес (veles) (Judeo-Tat), 서어나무 (seo'eonamu) (Korean), carpinus (Latin), skābardis (Latvian), ცხემური (ʒxemuri) (Laz), skroblas (Lithuanian), Haböök [feminine] (Low German), Wittböök [feminine] (Low German), grab [masculine] (Lower Sorbian), габер (gaber) [masculine] (Macedonian), ცხიმური (cximuri) (Mingrelian), charmille [feminine] (Norman), calpre [masculine] (Occitan), фатхъӕд (fatqæd) (Ossetian), ممرز (mamraz) (Persian), کرزل (korzel) (Persian), grab [masculine] (Polish), carpino [masculine] (Portuguese), carpen (Romanian), граб (grab) [masculine] (Russian), càrpinu [masculine] (Sicilian), hrab [masculine] (Slovak), beli gaber [masculine] (Slovene), navadni gaber [masculine] (Slovene), carpe [masculine] (Spanish), ცხუმ (cxum) (Svan), avenbok [common-gender] (Swedish), annbok [common-gender] (Swedish), мухь (mux) (Tabasaran), gürgen (Turkish), граб (hrab) [masculine] (Ukrainian), càrpano [masculine] (Venetian), càrpane [masculine] (Venetian), càrpen [masculine] (Venetian), tchårnale [feminine] (Walloon), tchårnea [masculine] (Walloon), tchåne [feminine] (Walloon), oestrwydden [feminine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-hornbeam-en-noun-FpoNqQu5 Disambiguation of Birch family plants: 58 27 15 Disambiguation of Woods: 58 10 32 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 59 37 3 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 74 22 3 Disambiguation of 'tree of Carpinus': 73 25 2
  2. A hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). Translations (Ostrya carpinifolia): ὀστρύα (ostrúa) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), воден габър (voden gabǎr) [masculine] (Bulgarian), carpino nero [masculine] (Italian), ostria [feminine] (Italian), carpinella [feminine] (Italian)
    Sense id: en-hornbeam-en-noun-wsJmIH4v Disambiguation of 'Ostrya carpinifolia': 40 60 0
  3. The wood of these trees.
    Sense id: en-hornbeam-en-noun-31DYqji~
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hornbeech, ironwood, musclewood Hyponyms: blue beech Derived forms: American hornbeam, common hornbeam, European hop-hornbeam, European hop hornbeam, European hornbeam Related terms: Carpinus

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hornbeam meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "American hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "common hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "European hop-hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "European hop hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "European hornbeam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "horn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English horn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "beam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "beam (“tree”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "c. 1570, from Old English horn + beam (“tree”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hornbeams",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hornbeam (plural hornbeams)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "blue beech"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Carpinus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 37 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 27 15",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Birch family plants",
          "orig": "en:Birch family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Fagales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 10 32",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Woods",
          "orig": "en:Woods",
          "parents": [
            "Natural materials",
            "Trees",
            "Materials",
            "Nature",
            "Plants",
            "Manufacturing",
            "All topics",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States."
      ],
      "id": "en-hornbeam-en-noun-FpoNqQu5",
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus"
        ],
        [
          "Carpinus",
          "Carpinus#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ab",
          "lang": "Abkhaz",
          "roman": "xʲaca",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "хьаца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "boxi",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "բոխի"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scodã"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gavru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cãrãnti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "av",
          "lang": "Avar",
          "roman": "lˢor",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "лъор"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "vələs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "ulas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "bbl",
          "lang": "Bats",
          "roman": "ḳarcxil",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "კარცხილ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "hrab",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "граб"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "kap",
          "lang": "Bezhta",
          "roman": "hoj",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "гьой"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "gabǎr",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "габър"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ce",
          "lang": "Chechen",
          "roman": "pxa",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "пха"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "鵝耳櫪"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "é'ěrlì",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "鹅耳枥"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "habr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "haagbeuk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "karpeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "valkopyökki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "frp",
          "lang": "Franco-Provençal",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "charpena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "charme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "fur",
          "lang": "Friulian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "çamar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "rcxila",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "რცხილა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hainbuche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Weißbuche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "gávros",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "γάβρος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "gábros",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "γάβρος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "gyertyán"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "karpino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "inh",
          "lang": "Ingush",
          "roman": "pḥʳan",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "пхьан"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "crann sleamhain"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ist",
          "lang": "Istriot",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "四手"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shide",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "垂"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "jdt",
          "lang": "Judeo-Tat",
          "roman": "veles",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "велес"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "seo'eonamu",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "서어나무"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "carpinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "skābardis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "lzz",
          "lang": "Laz",
          "roman": "ʒxemuri",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "ცხემური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "skroblas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "nds",
          "lang": "Low German",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Haböök"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "nds",
          "lang": "Low German",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Wittböök"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "gaber",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "габер"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "xmf",
          "lang": "Mingrelian",
          "roman": "cximuri",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "ცხიმური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "charmille"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calpre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "os",
          "lang": "Ossetian",
          "roman": "fatqæd",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "фатхъӕд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "mamraz",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "ممرز"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "korzel",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "کرزل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "carpen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "grab",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "граб"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càrpinu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hrab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "beli gaber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "navadni gaber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sva",
          "lang": "Svan",
          "roman": "cxum",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "ცხუმ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "avenbok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "annbok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "tab",
          "lang": "Tabasaran",
          "roman": "mux",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "мухь"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "word": "gürgen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "hrab",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "граб"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "vec",
          "lang": "Venetian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càrpano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "vec",
          "lang": "Venetian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càrpane"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "vec",
          "lang": "Venetian",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càrpen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tchårnale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tchårnea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tchåne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 25 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "oestrwydden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)."
      ],
      "id": "en-hornbeam-en-noun-wsJmIH4v",
      "links": [
        [
          "hop hornbeam",
          "hop hornbeam"
        ],
        [
          "Ostrya virginiana",
          "Ostrya virginiana#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "40 60 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "voden gabǎr",
          "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "воден габър"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 60 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "ostrúa",
          "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ὀστρύα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 60 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carpino nero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 60 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ostria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 60 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "carpinella"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The wood of these trees."
      ],
      "id": "en-hornbeam-en-noun-31DYqji~",
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔɹnˌbim/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hornbeam.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-hornbeam.ogg/En-us-hornbeam.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-hornbeam.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hornbeech"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ironwood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "musclewood"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hornbeam"
  ],
  "word": "hornbeam"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Woods"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "American hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "word": "common hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "word": "European hop-hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "word": "European hop hornbeam"
    },
    {
      "word": "European hornbeam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "horn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English horn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "beam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "beam (“tree”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "c. 1570, from Old English horn + beam (“tree”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hornbeams",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hornbeam (plural hornbeams)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "blue beech"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Carpinus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus"
        ],
        [
          "Carpinus",
          "Carpinus#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hop hornbeam",
          "hop hornbeam"
        ],
        [
          "Ostrya virginiana",
          "Ostrya virginiana#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The wood of these trees."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔɹnˌbim/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hornbeam.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-hornbeam.ogg/En-us-hornbeam.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-hornbeam.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hornbeech"
    },
    {
      "word": "ironwood"
    },
    {
      "word": "musclewood"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ab",
      "lang": "Abkhaz",
      "roman": "xʲaca",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "хьаца"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "boxi",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "բոխի"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpin"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scodã"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gavru"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cãrãnti"
    },
    {
      "code": "av",
      "lang": "Avar",
      "roman": "lˢor",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "лъор"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "vələs"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "ulas"
    },
    {
      "code": "bbl",
      "lang": "Bats",
      "roman": "ḳarcxil",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "კარცხილ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "hrab",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "граб"
    },
    {
      "code": "kap",
      "lang": "Bezhta",
      "roman": "hoj",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "гьой"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "gabǎr",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "габър"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpí"
    },
    {
      "code": "ce",
      "lang": "Chechen",
      "roman": "pxa",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "пха"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "鵝耳櫪"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "é'ěrlì",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "鹅耳枥"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "habr"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haagbeuk"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "karpeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "valkopyökki"
    },
    {
      "code": "frp",
      "lang": "Franco-Provençal",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "charpena"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "charme"
    },
    {
      "code": "fur",
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "çamar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "rcxila",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "რცხილა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hainbuche"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Weißbuche"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "gávros",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γάβρος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "gábros",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γάβρος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "gyertyán"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "karpino"
    },
    {
      "code": "inh",
      "lang": "Ingush",
      "roman": "pḥʳan",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "пхьан"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "crann sleamhain"
    },
    {
      "code": "ist",
      "lang": "Istriot",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpano"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "四手"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shide",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "垂"
    },
    {
      "code": "jdt",
      "lang": "Judeo-Tat",
      "roman": "veles",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "велес"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "seo'eonamu",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "서어나무"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "carpinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "skābardis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lzz",
      "lang": "Laz",
      "roman": "ʒxemuri",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "ცხემური"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "skroblas"
    },
    {
      "code": "nds",
      "lang": "Low German",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Haböök"
    },
    {
      "code": "nds",
      "lang": "Low German",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Wittböök"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "gaber",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "габер"
    },
    {
      "code": "xmf",
      "lang": "Mingrelian",
      "roman": "cximuri",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "ცხიმური"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "charmille"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calpre"
    },
    {
      "code": "os",
      "lang": "Ossetian",
      "roman": "fatqæd",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "фатхъӕд"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "mamraz",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "ممرز"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "korzel",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "کرزل"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grab"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "carpen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "grab",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "граб"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càrpinu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hrab"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "beli gaber"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "navadni gaber"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grab"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpe"
    },
    {
      "code": "sva",
      "lang": "Svan",
      "roman": "cxum",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "ცხუმ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "avenbok"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "annbok"
    },
    {
      "code": "tab",
      "lang": "Tabasaran",
      "roman": "mux",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "мухь"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "word": "gürgen"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hrab",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "граб"
    },
    {
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càrpano"
    },
    {
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càrpane"
    },
    {
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càrpen"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tchårnale"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tchårnea"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tchåne"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "tree of Carpinus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oestrwydden"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "voden gabǎr",
      "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "воден габър"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ostrúa",
      "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ὀστρύα"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carpino nero"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ostria"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Ostrya carpinifolia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "carpinella"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hornbeam"
  ],
  "word": "hornbeam"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.