See fester on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.",
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"ref": "1848, Samuel Maunder, “SPIDERS. (Arachnida.)”, in The Treasury of Natural History; or, A Popular Dictionary of Animated Nature: In which the Zoological Characteristics that Distinguish the Different Classes, Genera, and Species, are Combined with a Variety of Interesting Information Illustrative of the Habits, Instincts, and General Economy of the Animal Kingdom. To which are Added, a Syllabus of Practical Taxidermy, and a Glossarial Appendix. …, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 637, column 1:",
"text": "The larger the Spider, the warmer the climate or season of the year, and the more susceptible the wounded individual, so much worse will the effects be; and it is no therefore no wonder that people who would have a fester from a simple prick with a needle, should feel more violent effects from the bite of a Spider.",
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{
"ref": "1861, Benjamin Ridge, “Medical and Self Torture”, in Ourselves, Our Food, and Our Physic, London: Chapman and Hall, 193 Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 68:",
"text": "While to the fingers and toes, which are frequently the seat of spontaneous festers, &c., irritation is kept up [if a hot poultice is applied], the skin is thickened, and rendered less liable to be permeated by matter; the heat is driven down the soft structures to the very bones and joints, and a portion of them may be lost in consequence.",
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"ref": "1864 July, “The Rim. Part III.—Conclusion.”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politcs, volume XIV, number LXXXI, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 135, Washington Street; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 68:",
"text": "He has been away so long and so often, there has been such mismanagement under a long minority, such changes and such misrule, such a hard hand and such a high hand, that the whole place is a fester.",
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"expansion": "Middle English festre",
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.",
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"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:",
"text": "and she for the despyte of her sones dethe wrought by her subtyl craftes that syr Vrre shold neuer be hole but euer his woundes shold one tyme feyster & another tyme blede\n\"and she, for the despite of her son’s death, wrought by her subtle crafts that Sir Urre should never be whole, but ever his wounds should one time fester and another time bleed\"",
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"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 42, lines 521–523:",
"text": "[W]ounds immedicable / Ranckle, and feſter, and gangrene, / To black mortification.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "2014, Lu Hsiu-lien, Ashley Esarey, My Fight for a New Taiwan, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:",
"text": "On the day of my inauguration, the director of the Nationalist Party county office ordered the Chungli mayor to stop trash collection. Because I could not command the Chungli sanitation department directly—it is administered at the local level—piles of garbage began to fester on the streets.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "2017 February 23, Katie Rife, “The Girl With All The Gifts tries to put a fresh spin on overripe zombie clichés”, in The A.V. Club:",
"text": "Here, Melanie once again provides an interesting variation on the formula, serving as a scout and ambassador between worlds. Don't expect anything new from her human counterparts, though, just the usual shooting and running and hiding slowly festering flesh wounds.",
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"(intransitive) To become septic; to become rotten."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taqayyaḥa",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "تَقَيَّحَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "prunjedz"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zagnojavam",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "загноявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zabiram",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "забирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化膿"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huànóng",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化脓"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "潰爛"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuìlàn",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "溃烂"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "hnisat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podebírat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "etteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "bederven"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "mädäntyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "suppurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "eitern"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "infettarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"alt": "かのうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanō suru",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化膿する"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"alt": "ただれる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tadareru",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "爛れる"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "suppūrō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "tongako"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "taematuku"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iriñlenmek",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "ایركلنمك"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "zaognić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supura"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "puroia"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnoítʹsja",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "гнои́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "at"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "āmp-"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "cerahatlenmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hnojitysja",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "гноїтися"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"text": "Deal with the problem immediately; do not let it fester.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XVII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume IV, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 116:",
"text": "All this time hatred, kept down by fear, festered in the hearts of the children of the soil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 April 3, Philip Haigh, “Discord over Avanti West Coast is part of a wider problem”, in RAIL, number 1006, page 53:",
"text": "But the longer the problems are left to fester, the worse they will become.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"translations": [
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"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doutnat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kvasit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kypět"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "verergeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "muhia"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usugubljátʹsja",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "усугубля́ться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1600, John Marston, Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. As it hath beene Sundry Times Acted, by the Children of Paules, London: Printed [by Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] in Saint Dunstans Church-yarde, published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene i; republished in J[ames] O[rchard] Halliwell, editor, The Works of John Marston. Reprinted from the Original Editions. With Notes, and some Account of His Life and Writings. … In Three Volumes, volume I, London: John Russell Smith, Soho Square, 1856, →OCLC, page 74",
"text": "For which I burnt in inward sweltring hate, / And festred rankling malice in my breast, / Till I might belke revenge upon his eyes: […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to fester or rankle."
],
"id": "en-fester-en-verb-CQ9np9eh",
"links": [
[
"rankle",
"rankle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to fester or rankle."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛstə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛstɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fester.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/En-uk-fester.ogg/En-uk-fester.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/En-uk-fester.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-fester.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/En-au-fester.ogg/En-au-fester.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/En-au-fester.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛstə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "festa",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "festa + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From festa + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "festers",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festeres",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fester (feminine festera, masculine plural festers, feminine plural festeres)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"festive"
],
"id": "en-fester-ca-adj-3qpSteCB",
"links": [
[
"festive",
"festive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festiu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"party-loving"
],
"id": "en-fester-ca-adj-Vd4jBrjH",
"links": [
[
"party",
"party"
],
[
"loving",
"loving"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festós"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fəsˈte]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fesˈteɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "festa",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "festa + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From festa + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "fester m (plural festers, feminine festera)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 26 5 4 3 4 3 18 3 3 7 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 36 3 3 2 3 2 22 2 3 5 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 87 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 26 65 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 6 51 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Light sources",
"orig": "ca:Light sources",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"partygoer"
],
"id": "en-fester-ca-noun-5NPMQi~y",
"links": [
[
"partygoer",
"partygoer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festaire"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fəsˈte]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fesˈteɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "festa",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "festa + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From festa + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fester m (plural festers)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 6 51 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Light sources",
"orig": "ca:Light sources",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"torchiere"
],
"id": "en-fester-ca-noun-aB4GK0cc",
"links": [
[
"torchiere",
"torchiere"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "teiera"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fəsˈte]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fesˈteɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "fester c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"id": "en-fester-da-noun-VbS3BHlm",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "feste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of feste"
],
"id": "en-fester-da-verb-2ODLOjcy",
"links": [
[
"feste",
"feste#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong/mixed nominative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-fester-de-adj-OfUYLWgf",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong genitive/dative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en-fester-de-adj-nAFNOeXy",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong genitive plural"
],
"id": "en-fester-de-adj-dRpiEKpv",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-fester.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/De-fester.ogg/De-fester.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/De-fester.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛstɐ"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "fester m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"id": "en-fester-nb-noun-VbS3BHlm",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "feste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of feste"
],
"id": "en-fester-nb-verb-2ODLOjcy",
"links": [
[
"feste",
"feste#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "festr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse festr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fastuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse festr, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *fastuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festra",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "festri",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "festrer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festrene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rope to moor boats with"
],
"id": "en-fester-nn-noun-nwwYSXsh",
"links": [
[
"moor",
"moor#English:_verb2"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "fast, firm",
"word": "fast"
},
{
"english": "betrothal",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"english": "place to moor boats; used in place names",
"word": "-fest"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/¹fɛstər/"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fester f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fester f",
"name": "nn-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"id": "en-fester-nn-noun-VbS3BHlm",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to fasten",
"word": "feste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present tense of feste (“to fasten”)"
],
"id": "en-fester-nn-verb-KGsA~gmY",
"links": [
[
"feste",
"feste#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"id": "en-fester-sv-noun-VbS3BHlm",
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -er",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Light sources"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "festa",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "festa + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From festa + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "festers",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festeres",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fester (feminine festera, masculine plural festers, feminine plural festeres)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"festive"
],
"links": [
[
"festive",
"festive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festiu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"party-loving"
],
"links": [
[
"party",
"party"
],
[
"loving",
"loving"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festós"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fəsˈte]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fesˈteɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -er",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Light sources"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "festa",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "festa + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From festa + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "fester m (plural festers, feminine festera)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"partygoer"
],
"links": [
[
"partygoer",
"partygoer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
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"torchiere"
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{
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{
"args": {
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"A fistula."
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"pathology",
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"(pathology, obsolete) A fistula."
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{
"ref": "1848, Samuel Maunder, “SPIDERS. (Arachnida.)”, in The Treasury of Natural History; or, A Popular Dictionary of Animated Nature: In which the Zoological Characteristics that Distinguish the Different Classes, Genera, and Species, are Combined with a Variety of Interesting Information Illustrative of the Habits, Instincts, and General Economy of the Animal Kingdom. To which are Added, a Syllabus of Practical Taxidermy, and a Glossarial Appendix. …, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 637, column 1:",
"text": "The larger the Spider, the warmer the climate or season of the year, and the more susceptible the wounded individual, so much worse will the effects be; and it is no therefore no wonder that people who would have a fester from a simple prick with a needle, should feel more violent effects from the bite of a Spider.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1861, Benjamin Ridge, “Medical and Self Torture”, in Ourselves, Our Food, and Our Physic, London: Chapman and Hall, 193 Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 68:",
"text": "While to the fingers and toes, which are frequently the seat of spontaneous festers, &c., irritation is kept up [if a hot poultice is applied], the skin is thickened, and rendered less liable to be permeated by matter; the heat is driven down the soft structures to the very bones and joints, and a portion of them may be lost in consequence.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864 July, “The Rim. Part III.—Conclusion.”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politcs, volume XIV, number LXXXI, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 135, Washington Street; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 68:",
"text": "He has been away so long and so often, there has been such mismanagement under a long minority, such changes and such misrule, such a hard hand and such a high hand, that the whole place is a fester.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sore or an ulcer of the skin."
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"sore",
"sore#Noun"
],
[
"ulcer",
"ulcer"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A sore or an ulcer of the skin."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The condition of something that festers; a festering; a festerment."
],
"links": [
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"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"festering",
"festering#Noun"
],
[
"festerment",
"festerment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛstə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
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"derived": [
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"word": "festeringly"
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{
"word": "festerment"
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{
"tags": [
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"expansion": "Middle English festre",
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"args": {
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.",
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"past"
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{
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:",
"text": "and she for the despyte of her sones dethe wrought by her subtyl craftes that syr Vrre shold neuer be hole but euer his woundes shold one tyme feyster & another tyme blede\n\"and she, for the despite of her son’s death, wrought by her subtle crafts that Sir Urre should never be whole, but ever his wounds should one time fester and another time bleed\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 42, lines 521–523:",
"text": "[W]ounds immedicable / Ranckle, and feſter, and gangrene, / To black mortification.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Lu Hsiu-lien, Ashley Esarey, My Fight for a New Taiwan, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:",
"text": "On the day of my inauguration, the director of the Nationalist Party county office ordered the Chungli mayor to stop trash collection. Because I could not command the Chungli sanitation department directly—it is administered at the local level—piles of garbage began to fester on the streets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 February 23, Katie Rife, “The Girl With All The Gifts tries to put a fresh spin on overripe zombie clichés”, in The A.V. Club:",
"text": "Here, Melanie once again provides an interesting variation on the formula, serving as a scout and ambassador between worlds. Don't expect anything new from her human counterparts, though, just the usual shooting and running and hiding slowly festering flesh wounds.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become septic; to become rotten."
],
"links": [
[
"septic",
"septic"
],
[
"rotten",
"rotten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become septic; to become rotten."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
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"text": "Deal with the problem immediately; do not let it fester.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XVII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume IV, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 116:",
"text": "All this time hatred, kept down by fear, festered in the hearts of the children of the soil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 April 3, Philip Haigh, “Discord over Avanti West Coast is part of a wider problem”, in RAIL, number 1006, page 53:",
"text": "But the longer the problems are left to fester, the worse they will become.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To worsen, especially due to lack of attention."
],
"links": [
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"worsen",
"worsen"
],
[
"lack",
"lack#Noun"
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[
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"attention"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1600, John Marston, Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. As it hath beene Sundry Times Acted, by the Children of Paules, London: Printed [by Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] in Saint Dunstans Church-yarde, published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene i; republished in J[ames] O[rchard] Halliwell, editor, The Works of John Marston. Reprinted from the Original Editions. With Notes, and some Account of His Life and Writings. … In Three Volumes, volume I, London: John Russell Smith, Soho Square, 1856, →OCLC, page 74",
"text": "For which I burnt in inward sweltring hate, / And festred rankling malice in my breast, / Till I might belke revenge upon his eyes: […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to fester or rankle."
],
"links": [
[
"rankle",
"rankle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to fester or rankle."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taqayyaḥa",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "تَقَيَّحَ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "prunjedz"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zagnojavam",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "загноявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zabiram",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "забирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化膿"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huànóng",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化脓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "潰爛"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuìlàn",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "溃烂"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "hnisat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podebírat se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "etteren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "bederven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "mädäntyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "suppurer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supurar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "eitern"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "infettarsi"
},
{
"alt": "かのうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanō suru",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "化膿する"
},
{
"alt": "ただれる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tadareru",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "爛れる"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "suppūrō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "tongako"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "taematuku"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iriñlenmek",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "ایركلنمك"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "zaognić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supurar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "supura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "puroia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnoítʹsja",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "гнои́ться"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "at"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "āmp-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "cerahatlenmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hnojitysja",
"sense": "become septic or rotten",
"word": "гноїтися"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doutnat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kvasit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kypět"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "verergeren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "muhia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usugubljátʹsja",
"sense": "To worsen, especially due to lack of attention",
"word": "усугубля́ться"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"German adjective forms",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:German/ɛstɐ",
"Rhymes:German/ɛstɐ/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong/mixed nominative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong genitive/dative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fest:",
"strong genitive plural"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-fester.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/De-fester.ogg/De-fester.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/De-fester.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛstɐ"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "fester m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "feste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of feste"
],
"links": [
[
"feste",
"feste#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "festr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse festr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fastuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse festr, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *fastuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "festra",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "festri",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "festrer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "festrene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "fast, firm",
"word": "fast"
},
{
"english": "betrothal",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"english": "place to moor boats; used in place names",
"word": "-fest"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rope to moor boats with"
],
"links": [
[
"moor",
"moor#English:_verb2"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/¹fɛstər/"
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fester f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fester f",
"name": "nn-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to fasten",
"word": "feste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present tense of feste (“to fasten”)"
],
"links": [
[
"feste",
"feste#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "fester",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of fest"
],
"links": [
[
"fest",
"fest#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "fester"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fester meaning in All languages combined (27.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.