See fend on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend and prove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend away"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fender"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend for oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forfend"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 20 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 29 26 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 29 23 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,\nMr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.\nChairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in."
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376:",
"text": "The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-verb-aELJaBBU",
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"take responsibility",
"take responsibility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 20 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 29 26 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 29 23 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39:",
"text": "He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187:",
"text": "“[…] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-verb-LZfQ2xle",
"links": [
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"for",
"for#English"
],
[
"off",
"fend off#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "except as \"fend for oneself\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, except as \"fend for oneself\") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otklonjavam",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "отклонявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pariram",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "парирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎngzhù",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "挡住"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pitää puolta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pārai"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "whakangungu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "matatā"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "griža se",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "грижа се"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "zijn eigen boontjes doppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "tõrjuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "huolehtia itsestään"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pitää huolta itsestään"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "selviytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pärjätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "prendre soin de soi"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "alleine auskommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "für sich selbst sorgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "valerse por sí mismo"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fend (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 20 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 29 26 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 29 23 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 30 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 30 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-noun-ELfeXsf0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fend",
"4": "fēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fēnd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēond",
"t": "adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (plural fends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 20 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 29 26 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 29 23 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-noun-OAhJ43s~",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"fiend",
"fiend"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fendeshë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fendë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fëndosh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fënduk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sp(ʰ)end-",
"t": "to twitch, wriggle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σφαδάζω",
"t": "to shiver, tremble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्पन्द्",
"t": "to quiver, shake"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "fiandrina",
"t": "fart"
},
"expansion": "Venetan fiandrina (“fart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fënduk",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "cowardly, timid"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”)",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ota",
"3": "فندق",
"lit": "hazelnut",
"tr": "funduk, fındık"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arse; flirtatious woman"
},
"expansion": "“arse; flirtatious woman”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "fãndãc"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian fãndãc",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Whether fendë (“fart”) derives from fend or viceversa is unclear. Ultimate origin may be:\n# Possibly from a tentative root Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”) whence also Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”), Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”).\n# A connection with Venetan fiandrina (“fart”) is not enough substantiated.\n# Alternatively analysable as a back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”), which may be borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”), also attested dialectally meaning “arse; flirtatious woman”, compare Aromanian fãndãc, fãndec (“arse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fenda",
"tags": [
"aorist"
]
},
{
"form": "fendur",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb",
"3": "aorist",
"4": "fenda",
"5": "participle",
"6": "fendur",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fend (aorist fenda, participle fendur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fenda",
"2": "fendur"
},
"expansion": "fend (aorist fenda, participle fendur)",
"name": "sq-verb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fart, break wind silently"
],
"id": "en-fend-sq-verb-VgsO2H8p",
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
],
[
"break wind",
"break wind"
]
],
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{
"word": "pjerdh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"to gossip"
],
"id": "en-fend-sq-verb-GLCZYPfB",
"links": [
[
"gossip",
"gossip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to gossip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gojos"
},
{
"word": "llafos"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfend/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfənt]",
"tags": [
"Tosk"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-end"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Gheg"
],
"word": "fên"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fënd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Tosk"
],
"word": "fënt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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},
{
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"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fendre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative of fendre"
],
"id": "en-fend-fr-verb-YJMuWaQt",
"links": [
[
"fendre",
"fendre#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "fen",
"3": "-d",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "fen + -d",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "fen + -d",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fend"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"word": "fen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative present definite of fen"
],
"id": "en-fend-hu-verb-Qh4UZjSQ",
"links": [
[
"fen",
"fen#Hungarian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fenjed"
}
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛnd]"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "fend"
},
"expansion": "English fend",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English fend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fendeil",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "fendit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fend",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "end",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "vend",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "fendeil",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "fendit"
},
"expansion": "fend (verbal noun fendeil, past participle fendit)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to protect, defend"
],
"id": "en-fend-gv-verb-UwJg8VGu",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fendes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fendis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fendes",
"pl2": "fendis"
},
"expansion": "fend (plural fendes or fendis)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "feend"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then Jesus was led of a Spirit into desert, to be tempted of the fiend.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A1&version=WYC",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:1, page 2r, column 2, lines 3–4; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "Thanne ıḣc was lad of a ſpirit in to deſert .· to be temptid of þe fend /",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A24&version=WYC",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:24, page 1v, column 1, lines 18–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of feend"
],
"id": "en-fend-enm-noun-AbYcQmz0",
"links": [
[
"feend",
"feend#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Albanian/end",
"Rhymes:Albanian/end/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fendeshë"
},
{
"word": "fendë"
},
{
"word": "fëndosh"
},
{
"word": "fënduk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sp(ʰ)end-",
"t": "to twitch, wriggle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σφαδάζω",
"t": "to shiver, tremble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्पन्द्",
"t": "to quiver, shake"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "fiandrina",
"t": "fart"
},
"expansion": "Venetan fiandrina (“fart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fënduk",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "cowardly, timid"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”)",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ota",
"3": "فندق",
"lit": "hazelnut",
"tr": "funduk, fındık"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arse; flirtatious woman"
},
"expansion": "“arse; flirtatious woman”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "fãndãc"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian fãndãc",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Whether fendë (“fart”) derives from fend or viceversa is unclear. Ultimate origin may be:\n# Possibly from a tentative root Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”) whence also Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”), Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”).\n# A connection with Venetan fiandrina (“fart”) is not enough substantiated.\n# Alternatively analysable as a back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”), which may be borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”), also attested dialectally meaning “arse; flirtatious woman”, compare Aromanian fãndãc, fãndec (“arse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fenda",
"tags": [
"aorist"
]
},
{
"form": "fendur",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb",
"3": "aorist",
"4": "fenda",
"5": "participle",
"6": "fendur",
"head": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fenda",
"2": "fendur"
},
"expansion": "fend (aorist fenda, participle fendur)",
"name": "sq-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fart, break wind silently"
],
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
],
[
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"break wind"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pjerdh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Albanian dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to gossip"
],
"links": [
[
"gossip",
"gossip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to gossip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gojos"
},
{
"word": "llafos"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfend/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfənt]",
"tags": [
"Tosk"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-end"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Gheg"
],
"word": "fên"
},
{
"word": "fënd"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tosk"
],
"word": "fënt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fend and prove"
},
{
"word": "fend away"
},
{
"word": "fender"
},
{
"word": "fend for oneself"
},
{
"word": "fend off"
},
{
"word": "forfend"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,\nMr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.\nChairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in."
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376:",
"text": "The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"take responsibility",
"take responsibility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39:",
"text": "He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187:",
"text": "“[…] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"links": [
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"for",
"for#English"
],
[
"off",
"fend off#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "except as \"fend for oneself\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, except as \"fend for oneself\") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "griža se",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "грижа се"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "zijn eigen boontjes doppen"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "tõrjuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "huolehtia itsestään"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pitää huolta itsestään"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "selviytyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pärjätä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "prendre soin de soi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "alleine auskommen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "für sich selbst sorgen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "valerse por sí mismo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otklonjavam",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "отклонявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pariram",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "парирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎngzhù",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "挡住"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pitää puolta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pārai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "whakangungu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "matatā"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fend (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fend",
"4": "fēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fēnd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēond",
"t": "adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (plural fends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"fiend",
"fiend"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fendre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative of fendre"
],
"links": [
[
"fendre",
"fendre#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fend.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-fend.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fen",
"3": "-d",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "fen + -d",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "fen + -d",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fend"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian non-lemma forms",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative present definite of fen"
],
"links": [
[
"fen",
"fen#Hungarian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fenjed"
}
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛnd]"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "fend"
},
"expansion": "English fend",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English fend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fendeil",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "fendit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fend",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "end",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "vend",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "fendeil",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "fendit"
},
"expansion": "fend (verbal noun fendeil, past participle fendit)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx lemmas",
"Manx terms borrowed from English",
"Manx terms derived from English",
"Manx verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to protect, defend"
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fendes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fendis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fend",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fendes",
"pl2": "fendis"
},
"expansion": "fend (plural fendes or fendis)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "feend"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then Jesus was led of a Spirit into desert, to be tempted of the fiend.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A1&version=WYC",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:1, page 2r, column 2, lines 3–4; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "Thanne ıḣc was lad of a ſpirit in to deſert .· to be temptid of þe fend /",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A24&version=WYC",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:24, page 1v, column 1, lines 18–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of feend"
],
"links": [
[
"feend",
"feend#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fend meaning in All languages combined (22.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: fend/Manx 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"fend"
],
"section": "Manx",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fend",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"fend"
],
"section": "Manx",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fend",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"fend"
],
"section": "Manx",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fend",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.