See fend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fend meaning in English (12.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend and prove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend away"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fender"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend for oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fend off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forfend"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defenden",
"3": "",
"4": "defend"
},
"expansion": "defenden (“defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,\nMr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.\nChairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in."
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376",
"text": "The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-verb-aELJaBBU",
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"take responsibility",
"take responsibility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39",
"text": "He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187",
"text": "[…] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-verb-LZfQ2xle",
"links": [
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"for",
"for#English"
],
[
"off",
"fend off#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "except as \"fend for oneself\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, except as \"fend for oneself\") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otklonjavam",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "отклонявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pariram",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "парирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎngzhù",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "挡住"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pitää puolta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pārai"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "whakangungu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "matatā"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "griža se",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "грижа се"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "zijn eigen boontjes doppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "tõrjuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "huolehtia itsestään"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pitää huolta itsestään"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "selviytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pärjätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "prendre soin de soi"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "alleine auskommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "für sich selbst sorgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "valerse por sí mismo"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defenden",
"3": "",
"4": "defend"
},
"expansion": "defenden (“defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fend (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-noun-ELfeXsf0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fend",
"4": "fēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fēnd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "feond"
},
"expansion": "feond",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēond",
"t": "adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fijaną"
},
"expansion": "*fijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fiend"
},
"expansion": "fiend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (plural fends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 21 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"id": "en-fend-en-noun-OAhJ43s~",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"fiend",
"fiend"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fend and prove"
},
{
"word": "fend away"
},
{
"word": "fender"
},
{
"word": "fend for oneself"
},
{
"word": "fend off"
},
{
"word": "forfend"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defenden",
"3": "",
"4": "defend"
},
"expansion": "defenden (“defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,\nMr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.\nChairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in."
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376",
"text": "The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"take responsibility",
"take responsibility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39",
"text": "He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187",
"text": "[…] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"links": [
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"for",
"for#English"
],
[
"off",
"fend off#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "except as \"fend for oneself\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, except as \"fend for oneself\") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "griža se",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "грижа се"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "zijn eigen boontjes doppen"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "tõrjuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "huolehtia itsestään"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pitää huolta itsestään"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "selviytyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "pärjätä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "prendre soin de soi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "alleine auskommen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "für sich selbst sorgen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take care of or responsibility for oneself",
"word": "valerse por sí mismo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otklonjavam",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "отклонявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pariram",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "парирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎngzhù",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "挡住"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pitää puolta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "pārai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "whakangungu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to defend, block or push away",
"word": "matatā"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fenden",
"4": "",
"5": "defend, fight, prevent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defenden",
"3": "",
"4": "defend"
},
"expansion": "defenden (“defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "deffendre"
},
"expansion": "Old French deffendre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défendre",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "French défendre",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēfendō",
"4": "",
"5": "to ward off"
},
"expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dē",
"3": "*fendō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "hit, thrust"
},
"expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰen-",
"4": "",
"5": "strike, kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fend (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fend",
"4": "fēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fēnd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "feond"
},
"expansion": "feond",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēond",
"t": "adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fijaną"
},
"expansion": "*fijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fiend"
},
"expansion": "fiend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fend (plural fends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"fiend",
"fiend"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg/En-us-fend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-fend.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fend"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.