See extenuate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for extenuate meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "extenuat",
"t": "(medicine) made thin, emaciated"
},
"expansion": "Middle English extenuat (“(medicine) made thin, emaciated”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "extenuātus",
"t": "diminished, reduced, thinned"
},
"expansion": "Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extenuō",
"t": "to diminish, reduce, thin"
},
"expansion": "extenuō (“to diminish, reduce, thin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenuō",
"t": "to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin"
},
"expansion": "tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Tenuō"
},
"expansion": "Tenuō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenuis",
"t": "fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak"
},
"expansion": "tenuis (“fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tenh₂-",
"t": "to extend, stretch; thin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tenh₂- (“to extend, stretch; thin”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ō",
"pos": "suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English extenuat (“(medicine) made thin, emaciated”), from Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”), the perfect passive participle of extenuō (“to diminish, reduce, thin”), from ex- (intensifying prefix) + tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”). Tenuō is derived from tenuis (“fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenh₂- (“to extend, stretch; thin”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more extenuate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most extenuate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "extenuate (comparative more extenuate, superlative most extenuate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ex‧ten‧u‧ate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of a person: emaciated, wasted, weakened; of the body or part of it: atrophied, shrunken, withered."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-adj-WfW5fR6v",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"emaciated",
"emaciated#Adjective"
],
[
"wasted",
"wasted#Adjective"
],
[
"weakened",
"weakened#Adjective"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"atrophied",
"atrophied#Adjective"
],
[
"shrunken",
"shrunken#Adjective"
],
[
"withered",
"withered#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a quality or thing: lessened, weakened."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-adj-a-TOMmyc",
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lessened",
"lessened#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Reduced to poverty; impoverished."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-adj-Eyow7B3n",
"links": [
[
"Reduced",
"reduce"
],
[
"poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjʊət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛk-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-juː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-eɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjəˌwət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg/En-us-extenuate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "extenuated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "extenuating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuating circumstance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuatory"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "extenuātus",
"t": "diminished, reduced, thinned"
},
"expansion": "Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”): see further at etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "extenuates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "extenuate (third-person singular simple present extenuates, present participle extenuating, simple past and past participle extenuated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ex‧ten‧u‧ate"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"stem": "extenuat"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "attenuable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attenuant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attenuate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "attenuated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "attenuating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attenuation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "attenuative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attenuator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attenuity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extenuation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tenuate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "tenuious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tenuity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tenuous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make (something) less dense, or thinner; also, to lower the viscosity of (something)."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-98bDI0ur",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"less",
"less#Adjective"
],
[
"dense",
"dense#Adjective"
],
[
"thinner",
"thin#Adjective"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
],
[
"viscosity",
"viscosity"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) slender or thin; to emaciate, to waste."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-PYOEGNCI",
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
],
[
"emaciate",
"emaciate"
],
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To make (someone or something) slender or thin; to emaciate, to waste."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 60 1 1 1 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎnjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "изтънявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 60 1 1 1 3 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "verdunnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 60 1 1 1 3 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "verslappen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-5XL8FZAR",
"links": [
[
"underestimate",
"underestimate"
],
[
"understate",
"understate"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"underrate",
"underrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to extenuate his faults to extenuate their crimes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1636, Iohn Weemse [i.e., John Wemyss], “[Commandement. IX.] How a Man Should Rule His Tongue, in Speaking of Himselfe or His Neighbour”, in An Exposition of the Morall Law, or Ten Commandments of Almighty God: […], London: […] Cotes, for John Bellamie, […], →OCLC, page 327",
"text": "[L]et us ſee hovv the vvicked behave themſelves here; they are full of their ovvne praiſes, the Phariſee ſaid, I faſt tvvice in the vveeke, and I give my tithes: but vvhen he ſpeaketh of his ovvne ſinnes, he extenuateth them and maketh them nothing; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate.",
"To diminish or seek to diminish the extent or severity of (a crime, guilt, a mistake, or something else negative) by making apologies or excuses; to palliate."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-V4sDxGdG",
"links": [
[
"underestimate",
"underestimate"
],
[
"understate",
"understate"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"underrate",
"underrate"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"seek",
"seek#Verb"
],
[
"extent",
"extent"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt#Noun"
],
[
"mistake",
"mistake#Noun"
],
[
"negative",
"negative#Adjective"
],
[
"apologies",
"apology"
],
[
"excuses",
"excuse#Noun"
],
[
"palliate",
"palliate#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate.",
"(specifically) To diminish or seek to diminish the extent or severity of (a crime, guilt, a mistake, or something else negative) by making apologies or excuses; to palliate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"specifically",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To beat or draw (a metal object, etc.) out so as to lessen the thickness."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-WAxyw-GD",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat#Verb"
],
[
"draw",
"draw#Verb"
],
[
"metal",
"metal#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"lessen",
"lessen"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To beat or draw (a metal object, etc.) out so as to lessen the thickness."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "aggravate"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the quality or quantity of (something); to lessen or weaken the force of (something)."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-pZykjFAw",
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"quantity",
"quantity"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"force",
"force#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To reduce the quality or quantity of (something); to lessen or weaken the force of (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mitigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 14 13 5 5 3 8 3 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 13 5 4 2 5 2 16 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 11 6 6 6 6 6 19 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 14 7 7 5 8 5 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To degrade (someone); to detract from (someone's qualities, reputation, etc.); to depreciate, to disparage."
],
"id": "en-extenuate-en-verb-JmCx2dZE",
"links": [
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"detract",
"detract"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"depreciate",
"depreciate"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To degrade (someone); to detract from (someone's qualities, reputation, etc.); to depreciate, to disparage."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjʊeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛk-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-juː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjəˌweɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg/En-us-extenuate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "extenuāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "extenuāte"
},
"expansion": "extenuāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "extenuō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of extenuō"
],
"id": "en-extenuate-la-verb-UhhWHg5M",
"links": [
[
"extenuō",
"extenuo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ek.ste.nuˈaː.te/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛks̠t̪ɛnuˈäːt̪ɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ek.ste.nuˈa.te/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ekst̪enuˈäːt̪e]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "extenuate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "extenuar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of extenuar combined with te"
],
"id": "en-extenuate-es-verb-McFuCSCR",
"links": [
[
"extenuar",
"extenuar#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English formal terms",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English obsolete terms",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tenh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "extenuat",
"t": "(medicine) made thin, emaciated"
},
"expansion": "Middle English extenuat (“(medicine) made thin, emaciated”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "extenuātus",
"t": "diminished, reduced, thinned"
},
"expansion": "Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extenuō",
"t": "to diminish, reduce, thin"
},
"expansion": "extenuō (“to diminish, reduce, thin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenuō",
"t": "to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin"
},
"expansion": "tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Tenuō"
},
"expansion": "Tenuō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenuis",
"t": "fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak"
},
"expansion": "tenuis (“fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tenh₂-",
"t": "to extend, stretch; thin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tenh₂- (“to extend, stretch; thin”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ō",
"pos": "suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English extenuat (“(medicine) made thin, emaciated”), from Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”), the perfect passive participle of extenuō (“to diminish, reduce, thin”), from ex- (intensifying prefix) + tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”). Tenuō is derived from tenuis (“fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenh₂- (“to extend, stretch; thin”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more extenuate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most extenuate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "extenuate (comparative more extenuate, superlative most extenuate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ex‧ten‧u‧ate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of a person: emaciated, wasted, weakened; of the body or part of it: atrophied, shrunken, withered."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"emaciated",
"emaciated#Adjective"
],
[
"wasted",
"wasted#Adjective"
],
[
"weakened",
"weakened#Adjective"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"atrophied",
"atrophied#Adjective"
],
[
"shrunken",
"shrunken#Adjective"
],
[
"withered",
"withered#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a quality or thing: lessened, weakened."
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"lessened",
"lessened#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Reduced to poverty; impoverished."
],
"links": [
[
"Reduced",
"reduce"
],
[
"poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjʊət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛk-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-juː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-eɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjəˌwət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg/En-us-extenuate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English formal terms",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "extenuated"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "extenuating"
},
{
"word": "extenuating circumstance"
},
{
"word": "extenuative"
},
{
"word": "extenuator"
},
{
"word": "extenuatory"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "extenuātus",
"t": "diminished, reduced, thinned"
},
"expansion": "Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”): see further at etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "extenuates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "extenuate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "extenuate (third-person singular simple present extenuates, present participle extenuating, simple past and past participle extenuated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ex‧ten‧u‧ate"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"stem": "extenuat"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "attenuable"
},
{
"word": "attenuant"
},
{
"word": "attenuate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "attenuated"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "attenuating"
},
{
"word": "attenuation"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "attenuative"
},
{
"word": "attenuator"
},
{
"word": "attenuity"
},
{
"word": "extenuable"
},
{
"word": "extenuation"
},
{
"word": "tenuate"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "tenuious"
},
{
"word": "tenuity"
},
{
"word": "tenuous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make (something) less dense, or thinner; also, to lower the viscosity of (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"less",
"less#Adjective"
],
[
"dense",
"dense#Adjective"
],
[
"thinner",
"thin#Adjective"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
],
[
"viscosity",
"viscosity"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) slender or thin; to emaciate, to waste."
],
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
],
[
"emaciate",
"emaciate"
],
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To make (someone or something) slender or thin; to emaciate, to waste."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate."
],
"links": [
[
"underestimate",
"underestimate"
],
[
"understate",
"understate"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"underrate",
"underrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to extenuate his faults to extenuate their crimes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1636, Iohn Weemse [i.e., John Wemyss], “[Commandement. IX.] How a Man Should Rule His Tongue, in Speaking of Himselfe or His Neighbour”, in An Exposition of the Morall Law, or Ten Commandments of Almighty God: […], London: […] Cotes, for John Bellamie, […], →OCLC, page 327",
"text": "[L]et us ſee hovv the vvicked behave themſelves here; they are full of their ovvne praiſes, the Phariſee ſaid, I faſt tvvice in the vveeke, and I give my tithes: but vvhen he ſpeaketh of his ovvne ſinnes, he extenuateth them and maketh them nothing; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate.",
"To diminish or seek to diminish the extent or severity of (a crime, guilt, a mistake, or something else negative) by making apologies or excuses; to palliate."
],
"links": [
[
"underestimate",
"underestimate"
],
[
"understate",
"understate"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"underrate",
"underrate"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"seek",
"seek#Verb"
],
[
"extent",
"extent"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt#Noun"
],
[
"mistake",
"mistake#Noun"
],
[
"negative",
"negative#Adjective"
],
[
"apologies",
"apology"
],
[
"excuses",
"excuse#Noun"
],
[
"palliate",
"palliate#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"To underestimate or understate the importance of (something); to underrate.",
"(specifically) To diminish or seek to diminish the extent or severity of (a crime, guilt, a mistake, or something else negative) by making apologies or excuses; to palliate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"specifically",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat or draw (a metal object, etc.) out so as to lessen the thickness."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat#Verb"
],
[
"draw",
"draw#Verb"
],
[
"metal",
"metal#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"lessen",
"lessen"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To beat or draw (a metal object, etc.) out so as to lessen the thickness."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "aggravate"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the quality or quantity of (something); to lessen or weaken the force of (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"quantity",
"quantity"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"force",
"force#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To reduce the quality or quantity of (something); to lessen or weaken the force of (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mitigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To degrade (someone); to detract from (someone's qualities, reputation, etc.); to depreciate, to disparage."
],
"links": [
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"detract",
"detract"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"depreciate",
"depreciate"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"To degrade (someone); to detract from (someone's qualities, reputation, etc.); to depreciate, to disparage."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjʊeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛk-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-juː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈstɛnjəˌweɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg/En-us-extenuate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-extenuate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎnjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "изтънявам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "verdunnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) slender or thin — see also emaciate",
"word": "verslappen"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "extenuāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "extenuāte"
},
"expansion": "extenuāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 5-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "extenuō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of extenuō"
],
"links": [
[
"extenuō",
"extenuo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ek.ste.nuˈaː.te/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛks̠t̪ɛnuˈäːt̪ɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ek.ste.nuˈa.te/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ekst̪enuˈäːt̪e]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "extenuate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "extenuar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of extenuar combined with te"
],
"links": [
[
"extenuar",
"extenuar#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"word": "extenuate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.