See extenuation on Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "in extenuation of" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "extenuātiō", "4": "", "5": "a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation" }, "expansion": "Latin extenuātiō (“a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "extenuate", "3": "ion" }, "expansion": "extenuate + -ion", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "exténuation" }, "expansion": "French exténuation", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "An adaptation of extenuātiōn-, the oblique stem of the Latin extenuātiō (“a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation”), noun of action from extenuō (“I thin, reduce, or diminish”). Equivalent to extenuate + -ion. Compare the French exténuation.", "forms": [ { "form": "extenuations", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "extenuation (countable and uncountable, plural extenuations)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1576, Jewell of Health, Baker, page 171 a:", "text": "This mightily helpeth the extenuation of members.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1655, Culpepper, Riverius, i.v.19", "text": "A yong man…had an extenuation for want of nourishment in his Limbs." }, { "ref": "1707, Floyer, Physic. Pulse-Watch, page 183:", "text": "Galen commends tepid Baths for…curing all Extenuations.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1781 October 27, Johnson, Let. Mrs. Thrale:", "text": "The extenuation is her only bad symptom.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1825, Betrothed, Walter Scott, section XXX:", "text": "The female…exhibited…some symptoms of extenuation.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1828, “Biog.”, in Ann. Reg., page 474/2:", "text": "Some pallid from extenuation.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making or becoming thin; an instance of this; a shrunken condition; leanness, emaciation." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-bWJ5eJ8K", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "process", "process#English" ], [ "thin", "thin#English" ], [ "instance", "instance#English" ], [ "shrunken", "shrunken#English" ], [ "leanness", "leanness#English" ], [ "emaciation", "emaciation#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making or becoming thin; an instance of this; a shrunken condition; leanness, emaciation." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "9 13 2 3 22 22 8 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 13 5 5 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 15 3 3 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 17 1 2 22 22 7 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1655–60, Stanley, Hist. Philos. (1701), page 64/2", "text": "Winds proceed from extenuation of the Air, by the Sun." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "Making less dense; rarefaction." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-OUTfWZIn", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "dense", "dense#English" ], [ "rarefaction", "rarefaction#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(of air, obsolete) Making less dense; rarefaction." ], "raw_tags": [ "of air" ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1619, John Donne, Serm., xiv, page 140:", "text": "All Dilatation is some degree of Extenuation.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1665, Sir T. Herbert, Trav., published 1677, page 186:", "text": "The Sea is the same at all seasons; what it gets by Rivers and showers, losing by exhalations and extenuations through the excessive heats…within the Torrid Zone.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1777, Joseph Priestley, chapter XIX, in Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, volume I, published 1782, page 229:", "text": "Gregory the Great…says that God penetrates everything without extenuation.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making slender or diminishing in bulk; an instance of this." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-zOeEAOCM", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "slender", "slender#English" ], [ "diminishing", "diminish#English" ], [ "bulk", "bulk#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(obsolete) The action or process of making slender or diminishing in bulk; an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1542–3, Act 34–5 Hen. VIII, c. 18", "text": "The saide citie is much decaid…not a little to the extenuacion of that part of this realme." }, { "ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 22:", "text": "Such extenuation let me begge, As in reproofe of many Tales deuis’d…I may…Finde pardon on my true submission.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1654, H. L’Estrange, Chas. I, published 1655, page 1:", "text": "The gallantry of Henry’s heroique spirit tended somewhat to the…extenuation of Charles his glory.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1707, Atterbury, Serm. v. (1723), volume II, page 159", "text": "What Deeds of Charity we have to alledge in Extenuation of our Punishment." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of making less or weak; and instance of this; a weakening, impoverishment. Also, mitigation (of blame or punishment)." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-yupoIS~J", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "less", "less#English" ], [ "weak", "weak#English" ], [ "weakening", "weaken#English" ], [ "impoverishment", "impoverishment#English" ], [ "mitigation", "mitigation#English" ], [ "blame", "blame#English" ], [ "punishment", "punishment#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(obsolete) The action of making less or weak; and instance of this; a weakening, impoverishment. Also, mitigation (of blame or punishment)." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "9 13 2 3 22 22 8 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 13 5 5 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 15 3 3 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 17 1 2 22 22 7 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1614, Bp. Hall, Recoll. Treat., page 209:", "text": "Sometimes…wee humble ourselves lower than there is cause…And no lesse well doth God take these submisse extenuations of our selves.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1621, Anat. Mel., Burton, ii.i.iv.ii.228:", "text": "Through their…extenuation [of their grievance], wretchedness and peevishness they undo themselves.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1722, Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year, published 1840, page 6:", "text": "Many died of it every day, so that now all our extenuations abated.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1859, John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ii. (1865), page 13/2:", "text": "The utmost they allow is an extenuation of its absolute necessity.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1873, R.F. Calixte, translated by A.V.S. Sligo, The Life of the Venerable Anna Maria Taigi, page 303:", "text": "The simple matter-of-fact style of the narrative is, from its unobtrusive character, more adapted for spiritual reading than the views and generalisations, and prologetic extenuations of more recent biographers.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-UBL2PFhD", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "representing", "represent#English" ], [ "slight", "slight#English" ], [ "trifling", "trifling#English" ], [ "underrating", "underrate#English" ], [ "plea", "plea#English" ], [ "end", "end#English" ], [ "modification", "modification#English" ], [ "terms", "term#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Rhetoric", "orig": "en:Rhetoric", "parents": [ "Language", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "9 13 2 3 22 22 8 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 13 5 5 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 15 3 3 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 17 1 2 22 22 7 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1589, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.), page 227", "text": "We call him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation." }, { "ref": "1657, J. Smith, Myst. Rhet., page 56:", "text": "When for extenuation sake we use a lighter and more easie word or terme then the matter requires.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1706, Phillips:", "type": "quote" }, { "text": "1823, in Crabb, Technol. Dict." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms.", "A figure in which a term is used which, in contrast with the more fitting term it supplants, understates or seeks to diminish the significance of something." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-zMkY-pXV", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "representing", "represent#English" ], [ "slight", "slight#English" ], [ "trifling", "trifling#English" ], [ "underrating", "underrate#English" ], [ "plea", "plea#English" ], [ "end", "end#English" ], [ "modification", "modification#English" ], [ "terms", "term#English" ], [ "rhetoric", "rhetoric" ], [ "figure", "figure#English" ], [ "contrast", "contrast#English" ], [ "fitting", "fitting#English" ], [ "supplants", "supplant#English" ], [ "understates", "understate#English" ], [ "significance", "significance#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms.", "(rhetoric, obsolete) A figure in which a term is used which, in contrast with the more fitting term it supplants, understates or seeks to diminish the significance of something." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "rhetoric", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1651, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ii., xxvii., page 156:", "text": "Extenuation, by which the Crime, that seemed great, is made lesse.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "ante''' 1674, Clarendon, Surv. Leviath. (1676), page 180", "text": "He…was to find excuses and extenuations for sins." }, { "ref": "1712, Addison, Spect., № 297, ¶ 1:", "text": "Whatever may be said for the Extenuation of such Defects.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1750, Johnson, Rambler, № 39, ¶ 7:", "text": "It may be urged, in extenuation of this crime…that [etc.].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "ante''' 1832, Jeremy Bentham, Wks. (1843), volume I, page 174", "text": "The differences of castes…furnish a copious stock of extenuations…to different classes of offences." }, { "ref": "1839, Mackintosh, Eth. Philos., Wks. 1846, volume I, page 28", "text": "In extenuation of a noble error." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of lessening, or seeking to lessen, the guilt of (an offence or fault) by alleging partial excuses; and instance or means of doing this; a plea in mitigation of censure." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-rp0KiFhU", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "lessening", "lessen#English" ], [ "guilt", "guilt#English" ], [ "offence", "offence#English" ], [ "fault", "fault#English" ], [ "alleging", "allege#English" ], [ "excuses", "excuse#English" ], [ "means", "means#English" ], [ "censure", "censure#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of lessening, or seeking to lessen, the guilt of (an offence or fault) by alleging partial excuses; and instance or means of doing this; a plea in mitigation of censure." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "American English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "9 13 2 3 22 22 8 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 13 5 5 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 15 3 3 21 21 7 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 17 1 2 22 22 7 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1881 May, G.W. Cable, Scribner’s Mag., page 23:", "text": "They were clad in silken extenuations from the throat to the feet.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1883 September 12, Pall Mall G., page 2/2:", "text": "One side wore…extenuations of a…green colour.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "Thin garments." ], "id": "en-extenuation-en-noun-wCqWFPwU", "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "humorous", "humorous" ], [ "extenuations", "extenuations#English" ], [ "garments", "garment#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(US, humorous, in the plural as “extenuations”) Thin garments." ], "raw_tags": [ "as “extenuations”" ], "tags": [ "US", "countable", "humorous", "in-plural", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ɪksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ɛksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-eɪʃən" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "extenuacion [16th C.]" } ], "word": "extenuation" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms suffixed with -ion", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən", "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables" ], "derived": [ { "word": "in extenuation of" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "extenuātiō", "4": "", "5": "a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation" }, "expansion": "Latin extenuātiō (“a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "extenuate", "3": "ion" }, "expansion": "extenuate + -ion", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "exténuation" }, "expansion": "French exténuation", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "An adaptation of extenuātiōn-, the oblique stem of the Latin extenuātiō (“a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation”), noun of action from extenuō (“I thin, reduce, or diminish”). Equivalent to extenuate + -ion. Compare the French exténuation.", "forms": [ { "form": "extenuations", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "extenuation (countable and uncountable, plural extenuations)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1576, Jewell of Health, Baker, page 171 a:", "text": "This mightily helpeth the extenuation of members.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1655, Culpepper, Riverius, i.v.19", "text": "A yong man…had an extenuation for want of nourishment in his Limbs." }, { "ref": "1707, Floyer, Physic. Pulse-Watch, page 183:", "text": "Galen commends tepid Baths for…curing all Extenuations.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1781 October 27, Johnson, Let. Mrs. Thrale:", "text": "The extenuation is her only bad symptom.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1825, Betrothed, Walter Scott, section XXX:", "text": "The female…exhibited…some symptoms of extenuation.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1828, “Biog.”, in Ann. Reg., page 474/2:", "text": "Some pallid from extenuation.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making or becoming thin; an instance of this; a shrunken condition; leanness, emaciation." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "process", "process#English" ], [ "thin", "thin#English" ], [ "instance", "instance#English" ], [ "shrunken", "shrunken#English" ], [ "leanness", "leanness#English" ], [ "emaciation", "emaciation#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making or becoming thin; an instance of this; a shrunken condition; leanness, emaciation." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English uncountable nouns" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1655–60, Stanley, Hist. Philos. (1701), page 64/2", "text": "Winds proceed from extenuation of the Air, by the Sun." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "Making less dense; rarefaction." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "dense", "dense#English" ], [ "rarefaction", "rarefaction#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(of air, obsolete) Making less dense; rarefaction." ], "raw_tags": [ "of air" ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1619, John Donne, Serm., xiv, page 140:", "text": "All Dilatation is some degree of Extenuation.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1665, Sir T. Herbert, Trav., published 1677, page 186:", "text": "The Sea is the same at all seasons; what it gets by Rivers and showers, losing by exhalations and extenuations through the excessive heats…within the Torrid Zone.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1777, Joseph Priestley, chapter XIX, in Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, volume I, published 1782, page 229:", "text": "Gregory the Great…says that God penetrates everything without extenuation.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action or process of making slender or diminishing in bulk; an instance of this." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "slender", "slender#English" ], [ "diminishing", "diminish#English" ], [ "bulk", "bulk#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(obsolete) The action or process of making slender or diminishing in bulk; an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1542–3, Act 34–5 Hen. VIII, c. 18", "text": "The saide citie is much decaid…not a little to the extenuacion of that part of this realme." }, { "ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 22:", "text": "Such extenuation let me begge, As in reproofe of many Tales deuis’d…I may…Finde pardon on my true submission.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1654, H. L’Estrange, Chas. I, published 1655, page 1:", "text": "The gallantry of Henry’s heroique spirit tended somewhat to the…extenuation of Charles his glory.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1707, Atterbury, Serm. v. (1723), volume II, page 159", "text": "What Deeds of Charity we have to alledge in Extenuation of our Punishment." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of making less or weak; and instance of this; a weakening, impoverishment. Also, mitigation (of blame or punishment)." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "less", "less#English" ], [ "weak", "weak#English" ], [ "weakening", "weaken#English" ], [ "impoverishment", "impoverishment#English" ], [ "mitigation", "mitigation#English" ], [ "blame", "blame#English" ], [ "punishment", "punishment#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(obsolete) The action of making less or weak; and instance of this; a weakening, impoverishment. Also, mitigation (of blame or punishment)." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1614, Bp. Hall, Recoll. Treat., page 209:", "text": "Sometimes…wee humble ourselves lower than there is cause…And no lesse well doth God take these submisse extenuations of our selves.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1621, Anat. Mel., Burton, ii.i.iv.ii.228:", "text": "Through their…extenuation [of their grievance], wretchedness and peevishness they undo themselves.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1722, Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year, published 1840, page 6:", "text": "Many died of it every day, so that now all our extenuations abated.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1859, John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ii. (1865), page 13/2:", "text": "The utmost they allow is an extenuation of its absolute necessity.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1873, R.F. Calixte, translated by A.V.S. Sligo, The Life of the Venerable Anna Maria Taigi, page 303:", "text": "The simple matter-of-fact style of the narrative is, from its unobtrusive character, more adapted for spiritual reading than the views and generalisations, and prologetic extenuations of more recent biographers.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "representing", "represent#English" ], [ "slight", "slight#English" ], [ "trifling", "trifling#English" ], [ "underrating", "underrate#English" ], [ "plea", "plea#English" ], [ "end", "end#English" ], [ "modification", "modification#English" ], [ "terms", "term#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Rhetoric" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1589, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.), page 227", "text": "We call him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation." }, { "ref": "1657, J. Smith, Myst. Rhet., page 56:", "text": "When for extenuation sake we use a lighter and more easie word or terme then the matter requires.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1706, Phillips:", "type": "quote" }, { "text": "1823, in Crabb, Technol. Dict." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms.", "A figure in which a term is used which, in contrast with the more fitting term it supplants, understates or seeks to diminish the significance of something." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "representing", "represent#English" ], [ "slight", "slight#English" ], [ "trifling", "trifling#English" ], [ "underrating", "underrate#English" ], [ "plea", "plea#English" ], [ "end", "end#English" ], [ "modification", "modification#English" ], [ "terms", "term#English" ], [ "rhetoric", "rhetoric" ], [ "figure", "figure#English" ], [ "contrast", "contrast#English" ], [ "fitting", "fitting#English" ], [ "supplants", "supplant#English" ], [ "understates", "understate#English" ], [ "significance", "significance#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of representing (something) as slight and trifling; underrating; an instance of this, a plea to this end; a modification in terms.", "(rhetoric, obsolete) A figure in which a term is used which, in contrast with the more fitting term it supplants, understates or seeks to diminish the significance of something." ], "tags": [ "countable", "obsolete", "rhetoric", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1651, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ii., xxvii., page 156:", "text": "Extenuation, by which the Crime, that seemed great, is made lesse.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "ante''' 1674, Clarendon, Surv. Leviath. (1676), page 180", "text": "He…was to find excuses and extenuations for sins." }, { "ref": "1712, Addison, Spect., № 297, ¶ 1:", "text": "Whatever may be said for the Extenuation of such Defects.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1750, Johnson, Rambler, № 39, ¶ 7:", "text": "It may be urged, in extenuation of this crime…that [etc.].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "ante''' 1832, Jeremy Bentham, Wks. (1843), volume I, page 174", "text": "The differences of castes…furnish a copious stock of extenuations…to different classes of offences." }, { "ref": "1839, Mackintosh, Eth. Philos., Wks. 1846, volume I, page 28", "text": "In extenuation of a noble error." } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of lessening, or seeking to lessen, the guilt of (an offence or fault) by alleging partial excuses; and instance or means of doing this; a plea in mitigation of censure." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "lessening", "lessen#English" ], [ "guilt", "guilt#English" ], [ "offence", "offence#English" ], [ "fault", "fault#English" ], [ "alleging", "allege#English" ], [ "excuses", "excuse#English" ], [ "means", "means#English" ], [ "censure", "censure#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "The action of lessening, or seeking to lessen, the guilt of (an offence or fault) by alleging partial excuses; and instance or means of doing this; a plea in mitigation of censure." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "American English", "English countable nouns", "English humorous terms", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1881 May, G.W. Cable, Scribner’s Mag., page 23:", "text": "They were clad in silken extenuations from the throat to the feet.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1883 September 12, Pall Mall G., page 2/2:", "text": "One side wore…extenuations of a…green colour.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "Thin garments." ], "links": [ [ "action", "action#English" ], [ "extenuating", "extenuate#English" ], [ "extenuated", "extenuated#English" ], [ "condition", "condition#English" ], [ "humorous", "humorous" ], [ "extenuations", "extenuations#English" ], [ "garments", "garment#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable and uncountable) The action of extenuating; extenuated condition.", "(US, humorous, in the plural as “extenuations”) Thin garments." ], "raw_tags": [ "as “extenuations”" ], "tags": [ "US", "countable", "humorous", "in-plural", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ɪksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ɛksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-extenuation.wav.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-eɪʃən" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "extenuacion [16th C.]" } ], "word": "extenuation" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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