See astonishment on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "principle of least astonishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astonish",
"3": "ment"
},
"expansion": "astonish + -ment",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From astonish + -ment.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astonishments",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "astonishment (countable and uncountable, plural astonishments)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "astonish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "astonished"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "astonishing"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The class looked on in astonishment as their teacher proceeded to tear the pages out of the textbook.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1630, John Milton, “On Shakespear” in Poems of Mr. John Milton, London: Ruth Raworth, 1645 p. 27,\nThou in our wonder and astonishment\nHast built thy self a live-long Monument."
},
{
"ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=I to IV), page 98:",
"text": "[…] he dismissed all his Attendants with a turn of his Finger; at which, to my great astonishment, they vanished in an Instant, like Visions in a Dream, when we awake on a sudden.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, [Jane Austen], chapter 1, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 14:",
"text": "At these words, Marianne’s eyes expressed the astonishment, which her lips could not utter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 3, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston: L.C. Page, page 41:",
"text": "Marilla’s astonishment could not have been greater if Matthew had expressed a predilection for standing on his head.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 33, in Small Island, London: Review, page 330:",
"text": "Imagine my astonishment when, reaching the bustling street, every Englishwoman I look on is also attired in a dowdy housecoat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The feeling or experience of being astonished; great surprise."
],
"id": "en-astonishment-en-noun-AaE6ZUM8",
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amazement"
},
{
"word": "stupefaction"
},
{
"word": "wonder"
},
{
"word": "wonderment"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḏuhūl",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ذُهُول"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dahša",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَهْشَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taʕajjub",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَعَجُّب"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zuhūl",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ذهول"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zarmankʻ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "զարմանք"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "təəccüb"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zdziŭljénnje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "здзіўле́нне"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "padzíŭ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "падзі́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "biśśõẏ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "বিস্ময়"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "učúdvane",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "учу́дване"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udivlénie",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "удивле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estorament"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚愕"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng'è",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "惊愕"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚異"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngyì",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "惊异"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "údiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úžas"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "forbavselse"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "undran"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "hämmästys"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "hämmästyminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kummastus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kummastuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "étonnement"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abraio"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aglaio"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "medoña"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "infento"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Staunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Erstaunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwunderung"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ékplixi",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "έκπληξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katáplixi",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κατάπληξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σοκ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámbos",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θάμβος"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "undrun"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uafás"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stupore"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meraviglia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sbigottimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "attonimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"alt": "おどろき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odoroki",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚き"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"alt": "きょうがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōgaku",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚愕"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nollam",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "놀람"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nollaum",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "놀라움"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čudenje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чудење"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "začuduvanje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зачудување"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kekaguman"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vismayaṁ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "വിസ്മയം"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-yindys"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "māharotanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ta'ajjob",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "تعجب"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdziwienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zdziwko"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdumienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dziw"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "osłupienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surpresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uimire"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surprindere"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivlénije",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "удивле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumlénije",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изумле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "údiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úžas"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estupefacción"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "extrañeza"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "häpenhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förvåning"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "taajjub",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "тааҷҷуб"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "şaşkınlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "şaşırtı"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "sürpriz"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdyvuvánnja",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "здивува́ння"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 19 2 3 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pódyv",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́див"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(colloquial)"
},
{
"ref": "1905, Edith Wharton, The House of Mirth, New York: Scribner, Book 2, Chapter 9, p. 444:",
"text": "To find Ned Silverton among the habitual frequenters of Mrs. Hatch’s drawing-room was one of Lily’s first astonishments;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Roald Dahl, chapter 18, in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Puffin, published 1998, page 83:",
"text": "Everything he had seen so far — the great chocolate river, the waterfall, the huge sucking pipes, the candy meadows, the Oompa-Loompas, the beautiful pink boat, and most of all, Mr. Willy Wonka himself — had been so astonishing that he began to wonder whether there could possibly be any more astonishments left.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something very surprising."
],
"id": "en-astonishment-en-noun-Uzi041rc",
"links": [
[
"surprising",
"surprising"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "marvel"
},
{
"word": "stunner"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, Philip Barrough, The Method of Phisicke, London: Thomas Vautroullier, Book 3, Chapter 37, p. 126:",
"text": "[…] there followeth astonishment of the leg that is neere, that it can neither be stretched out right, nor he cannot go on his feet.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXIX.] 5.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 363:",
"text": "[…] whosoever maketh water in the same place where a dog hath newly pissed, so as both vrines be mingled together, shall immediatly find a coldnesse and astonishment in his loines,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Loss of physical sensation; inability to move a part of the body."
],
"id": "en-astonishment-en-noun-E1opuK3w",
"links": [
[
"Loss",
"loss"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"sensation",
"sensation"
],
[
"inability",
"inability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Loss of physical sensation; inability to move a part of the body."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "paralysis"
},
{
"word": "numbness"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 60:3:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1678, Aphra Behn, chapter 2, in The Lives of Sundry Notorious Villains, London: for the author, page 30:",
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"type": "quote"
}
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],
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{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, pages 35-36:",
"text": "[…] where of his cruell rage\nNigh dead with feare, and faint astonishment,\nShee found them both in darkesome corner pent;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1651, Thomas Hobbes, chapter 46, in Leviathan, London: Andrew Crooke, page 374:",
"text": "[…] as when a man ignorant of the Ceremonies of Court, comming into the presence of a greater Person than he is used to speak to, and stumbling at his entrance, to save himselfe from falling, lets slip his Cloake; to recover his Cloake, lets fall his Hat; and with one disorder after another, discovers his astonishment and rusticity.",
"type": "quote"
}
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[
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{
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}
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{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "biśśõẏ",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "বিস্ময়"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "kummallisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vismayaṁ",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "വിസ്മയം"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surpresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "överraskning"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "şaşırtı"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 34 8 9 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "sürpriz"
}
],
"word": "astonishment"
}
{
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"derived": [
{
"word": "principle of least astonishment"
}
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"pos": "noun",
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},
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"word": "astonishing"
}
],
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"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples"
],
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{
"text": "The class looked on in astonishment as their teacher proceeded to tear the pages out of the textbook.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1630, John Milton, “On Shakespear” in Poems of Mr. John Milton, London: Ruth Raworth, 1645 p. 27,\nThou in our wonder and astonishment\nHast built thy self a live-long Monument."
},
{
"ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=I to IV), page 98:",
"text": "[…] he dismissed all his Attendants with a turn of his Finger; at which, to my great astonishment, they vanished in an Instant, like Visions in a Dream, when we awake on a sudden.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, [Jane Austen], chapter 1, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 14:",
"text": "At these words, Marianne’s eyes expressed the astonishment, which her lips could not utter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 3, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston: L.C. Page, page 41:",
"text": "Marilla’s astonishment could not have been greater if Matthew had expressed a predilection for standing on his head.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 33, in Small Island, London: Review, page 330:",
"text": "Imagine my astonishment when, reaching the bustling street, every Englishwoman I look on is also attired in a dowdy housecoat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The feeling or experience of being astonished; great surprise."
],
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amazement"
},
{
"word": "stupefaction"
},
{
"word": "wonder"
},
{
"word": "wonderment"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(colloquial)"
},
{
"ref": "1905, Edith Wharton, The House of Mirth, New York: Scribner, Book 2, Chapter 9, p. 444:",
"text": "To find Ned Silverton among the habitual frequenters of Mrs. Hatch’s drawing-room was one of Lily’s first astonishments;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Roald Dahl, chapter 18, in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Puffin, published 1998, page 83:",
"text": "Everything he had seen so far — the great chocolate river, the waterfall, the huge sucking pipes, the candy meadows, the Oompa-Loompas, the beautiful pink boat, and most of all, Mr. Willy Wonka himself — had been so astonishing that he began to wonder whether there could possibly be any more astonishments left.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something very surprising."
],
"links": [
[
"surprising",
"surprising"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "marvel"
},
{
"word": "stunner"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, Philip Barrough, The Method of Phisicke, London: Thomas Vautroullier, Book 3, Chapter 37, p. 126:",
"text": "[…] there followeth astonishment of the leg that is neere, that it can neither be stretched out right, nor he cannot go on his feet.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXIX.] 5.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 363:",
"text": "[…] whosoever maketh water in the same place where a dog hath newly pissed, so as both vrines be mingled together, shall immediatly find a coldnesse and astonishment in his loines,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Loss of physical sensation; inability to move a part of the body."
],
"links": [
[
"Loss",
"loss"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
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[
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],
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],
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{
"word": "paralysis"
},
{
"word": "numbness"
}
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
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],
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"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 60:3:",
"text": "Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1678, Aphra Behn, chapter 2, in The Lives of Sundry Notorious Villains, London: for the author, page 30:",
"text": "Upon the Stage he so charmed the people into astonishment with his babble, that he made them buy off amain his Drugs;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Loss of mental faculties, inability to think or use one's senses."
],
"links": [
[
"mental",
"mental"
],
[
"faculties",
"faculty"
],
[
"inability",
"inability"
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[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
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],
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{
"word": "stupor"
}
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
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],
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{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, pages 35-36:",
"text": "[…] where of his cruell rage\nNigh dead with feare, and faint astonishment,\nShee found them both in darkesome corner pent;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1651, Thomas Hobbes, chapter 46, in Leviathan, London: Andrew Crooke, page 374:",
"text": "[…] as when a man ignorant of the Ceremonies of Court, comming into the presence of a greater Person than he is used to speak to, and stumbling at his entrance, to save himselfe from falling, lets slip his Cloake; to recover his Cloake, lets fall his Hat; and with one disorder after another, discovers his astonishment and rusticity.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Loss of composure or presence of mind."
],
"links": [
[
"composure",
"composure"
],
[
"presence of mind",
"presence of mind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Loss of composure or presence of mind."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "consternation"
},
{
"word": "dismay"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/",
"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḏuhūl",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ذُهُول"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dahša",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَهْشَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taʕajjub",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَعَجُّب"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zuhūl",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ذهول"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zarmankʻ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "զարմանք"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "təəccüb"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zdziŭljénnje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "здзіўле́нне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "padzíŭ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "падзі́ў"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "biśśõẏ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "বিস্ময়"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "učúdvane",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "учу́дване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udivlénie",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "удивле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estorament"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚愕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng'è",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "惊愕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚異"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngyì",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "惊异"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "údiv"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úžas"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podiv"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "forbavselse"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "undran"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "hämmästys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "hämmästyminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kummastus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kummastuminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "étonnement"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abraio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aglaio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "medoña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "infento"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Staunen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Erstaunen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwunderung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ékplixi",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "έκπληξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katáplixi",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κατάπληξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σοκ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámbos",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θάμβος"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "undrun"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uafás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stupore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meraviglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sbigottimento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "attonimento"
},
{
"alt": "おどろき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odoroki",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚き"
},
{
"alt": "きょうがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōgaku",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "驚愕"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nollam",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "놀람"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nollaum",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "놀라움"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čudenje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чудење"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "začuduvanje",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зачудување"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "kekaguman"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vismayaṁ",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "വിസ്മയം"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-yindys"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "māharotanga"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ta'ajjob",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "تعجب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdziwienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zdziwko"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdumienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dziw"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "osłupienie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surpresa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uimire"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surprindere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivlénije",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "удивле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumlénije",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изумле́ние"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "údiv"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úžas"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asombro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estupefacción"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sorpresa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "extrañeza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "häpenhet"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förvåning"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "taajjub",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "тааҷҷуб"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "şaşkınlık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "şaşırtı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"word": "sürpriz"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdyvuvánnja",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "здивува́ння"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pódyv",
"sense": "amazement, great surprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́див"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "biśśõẏ",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "বিস্ময়"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "kummallisuus"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vismayaṁ",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "വിസ്മയം"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surpresa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "överraskning"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "şaşırtı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "amazing thing",
"word": "sürpriz"
}
],
"word": "astonishment"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astonishment meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.