See acerb on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "acerbly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "acerbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin acerbus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ācer",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latin ācer (“sharp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "acerbe"
},
"expansion": "French acerbe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin acerbus, from Latin ācer (“sharp”): compare French acerbe. See acrid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerber",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more acerb",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most acerb",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "acerb (comparative acerber or more acerb, superlative acerbest or most acerb)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "acerbate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "acerbically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "acerbity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "exacerbate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1732, Edward Strother, Prælectiones Pharmaco-mathicæ & medico-practicæ:",
"text": "If you put Spirit of Sulphur to the Peruvian Bark, it then becomes very acerb. If you mix Mercury with Spirit of Nitre or Oil of Vitriol whilst it boils, it then is very acerb.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, such as unripe fruit."
],
"id": "en-acerb-en-adj-7CtZ~y2v",
"links": [
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, such as unripe fruit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acerbic"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "kitkerä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gas",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "گس"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terpkij",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "терпкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Canada. Parliament. House of Commons, Debates: Official Report, volume 1, page 1970:",
"text": "As to the somewhat acerb remarks of the member for Jacques Cartier, I may pass them over […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sharp and harsh in expressing oneself."
],
"id": "en-acerb-en-adj-QkDqJXHf",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, figurative) Sharp and harsh in expressing oneself."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acerbic"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "pureva"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "kitkerä"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jedkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "едкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rezkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "резкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóstkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "жёсткий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈsɜːb/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-acerb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈsɜɹb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "acerbe"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French acerbe",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "acerbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin acerbus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French acerbe, from Latin acerbus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerbă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "acerb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "acerb m or n (feminine singular acerbă, masculine plural acerbi, feminine and neuter plural acerbe)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, unkind"
],
"id": "en-acerb-ro-adj-VwrWaYup",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "acerbly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "acerbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin acerbus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ācer",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latin ācer (“sharp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "acerbe"
},
"expansion": "French acerbe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin acerbus, from Latin ācer (“sharp”): compare French acerbe. See acrid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerber",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more acerb",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most acerb",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "acerb (comparative acerber or more acerb, superlative acerbest or most acerb)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "acerbate"
},
{
"word": "acerbically"
},
{
"word": "acerbity"
},
{
"word": "exacerbate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1732, Edward Strother, Prælectiones Pharmaco-mathicæ & medico-practicæ:",
"text": "If you put Spirit of Sulphur to the Peruvian Bark, it then becomes very acerb. If you mix Mercury with Spirit of Nitre or Oil of Vitriol whilst it boils, it then is very acerb.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, such as unripe fruit."
],
"links": [
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, such as unripe fruit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acerbic"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Canada. Parliament. House of Commons, Debates: Official Report, volume 1, page 1970:",
"text": "As to the somewhat acerb remarks of the member for Jacques Cartier, I may pass them over […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sharp and harsh in expressing oneself."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, figurative) Sharp and harsh in expressing oneself."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acerbic"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈsɜːb/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-acerb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-acerb.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈsɜɹb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "kitkerä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gas",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "گس"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terpkij",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "терпкий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bitter to the taste",
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "pureva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "kitkerä"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jedkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "едкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rezkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "резкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóstkij",
"sense": "sharp and harsh in expression",
"word": "жёсткий"
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
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{
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"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
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}
],
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{
"form": "acerbă",
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},
{
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{
"form": "acerb",
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "acerbi",
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},
{
"form": "acerbe",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "acerbul",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "acerb m or n (feminine singular acerbă, masculine plural acerbi, feminine and neuter plural acerbe)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, unkind"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for acerb meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.