See acerb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂eḱ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱ-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*-rós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-rós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*h₂eḱrós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱrós#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*akris",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akris"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*-iðos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-iðos"
],
[
"*akriðos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akriðos"
],
[
"acerbus",
"acerbus#Latin"
],
[
"acerbe",
"acerbe#French"
],
[
"acerbe",
"acerbe#French"
],
[
"acerbus",
"acerbus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:acerbe",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-rós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱrós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"acerbe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"acerb\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"acerb\">\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:acerbe",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerbă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "acerb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "acerb m or n (feminine singular acerbă, masculine plural acerbi, feminine/neuter plural acerbe)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, unkind"
],
"id": "en-acerb-ro-adj-VwrWaYup",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂eḱ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱ-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*-rós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-rós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*h₂eḱrós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱrós#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*akris",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akris"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*-iðos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-iðos"
],
[
"*akriðos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akriðos"
],
[
"acerbus",
"acerbus#Latin"
],
[
"acerbe",
"acerbe#French"
],
[
"acerbe",
"acerbe#French"
],
[
"acerbus",
"acerbus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:acerbe",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-rós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱrós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"acerbe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"acerb\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"acerb\">\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:acerbe",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nProto-Italic *akriðos\nLatin acerbuslbor.\nFrench acerbebor.\nRomanian acerb\nBorrowed from French acerbe, a learned borrowing from Latin acerbus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerbă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "acerb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "acerb m or n (feminine singular acerbă, masculine plural acerbi, feminine/neuter plural acerbe)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"Romanian entries with etymon",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-"
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, unkind"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "acerb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for acerb meaning in Romanian (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"acerb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "acerb",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.