See Rum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Rum meaning in All languages combined (39.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*Rūmu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*Rūmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Rūmō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "Rōma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Rōma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Latin Rōma (“Rome”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Italy",
"word": "Rome"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "en:Cities in Italy",
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"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "en:National capitals",
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"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "en:Places in Italy",
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"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
],
"id": "en-Rum-en-name-5cKm2wgF",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Rome",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 37 9 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
],
"id": "en-Rum-en-name-5AwxdG6D",
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "70 8 22",
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "Sivas"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "en:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
],
"id": "en-Rum-en-name-tFPSGxj0",
"links": [
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Seljuk",
"Seljuk"
],
[
"sultanate",
"sultanate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"id": "en-Rum-en-name-n7ueH6sW",
"links": [
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Rûm"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom",
"word": "Rùm"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Islands",
"orig": "en:Islands",
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"Places",
"Names",
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"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Highland, Scotland",
"orig": "en:Places in Highland, Scotland",
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"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Scotland",
"orig": "en:Places in Scotland",
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"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom."
],
"id": "en-Rum-en-name-uYOD1X2K",
"links": [
[
"Rùm",
"Rùm#English"
],
[
"Inner Hebrides",
"Inner Hebrides#English"
],
[
"Highland",
"Highland#English"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland#English"
],
[
"United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "rum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: rom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: rom"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English rum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.sg"
},
"expansion": "Rum m (strong, genitive Rums, no plural)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.sg"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rum"
],
"id": "en-Rum-de-noun-V~ZPG0VX",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-plural",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊm/"
},
{
"homophone": "rum"
},
{
"audio": "De-Rum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/De-Rum.ogg/De-Rum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/De-Rum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rum (Tirol)",
"lang": "de",
"mul": "Rum (Ungarn)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"with-article"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Rum n (proper noun, genitive Rums or (optionally with an article) Rum)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Places in Austria",
"orig": "de:Places in Austria",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Places in Tyrol",
"orig": "de:Places in Tyrol",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Towns in Austria",
"orig": "de:Towns in Austria",
"parents": [
"Towns",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Towns in Tyrol",
"orig": "de:Towns in Tyrol",
"parents": [
"Towns",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 6 24 12 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 12 22 12 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "de:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 27 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "de:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Asia",
"History of Europe",
"History of Greece",
"History of Turkey",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Asia",
"Asia",
"History",
"Europe",
"Greece",
"Turkey",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A market town in Tyrol, Austria"
],
"id": "en-Rum-de-name-154PF18F",
"links": [
[
"market town",
"market town"
],
[
"Tyrol",
"Tyrol#English"
],
[
"Austria",
"Austria#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Places in Hungary",
"orig": "de:Places in Hungary",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Villages in Hungary",
"orig": "de:Villages in Hungary",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Villages in Vas County",
"orig": "de:Villages in Vas County",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 27 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "de:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Asia",
"History of Europe",
"History of Greece",
"History of Turkey",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Asia",
"Asia",
"History",
"Europe",
"Greece",
"Turkey",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A village in Vas County, Hungary"
],
"id": "en-Rum-de-name-gycyveR3",
"links": [
[
"Vas County",
"Vas County#English"
],
[
"Hungary",
"Hungary#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Rumtürkisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Sultanat Rum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum), q.v.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "Rum n (proper noun, strong, genitive Rums)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n.sg"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Regions of Asia",
"orig": "de:Regions of Asia",
"parents": [
"Regions",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 27 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "de:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Asia",
"History of Europe",
"History of Greece",
"History of Turkey",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Asia",
"Asia",
"History",
"Europe",
"Greece",
"Turkey",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"id": "en-Rum-de-name-9SFuKHnd",
"links": [
[
"Anatolien",
"Anatolien#German"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Anatolien"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"proper-noun",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "de:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 27 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "de:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Asia",
"History of Europe",
"History of Greece",
"History of Turkey",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Asia",
"Asia",
"History",
"Europe",
"Greece",
"Turkey",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"id": "en-Rum-de-name-G6QHzUxf",
"links": [
[
"Byzanz",
"Byzanz#German"
],
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Byzanz"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"proper-noun",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
},
{
"homophone": "Ruhm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Rūm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Rûm"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fa",
"3": "روم"
},
"expansion": "Persian روم",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "روم",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic روم (Rūm)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ῥώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "la",
"3": "Roma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Latin Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روم",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روم"
},
"expansion": "Rum (Jawi spelling روم)",
"name": "ms-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "ms:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ms:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "ms:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "ms:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rumi"
},
{
"word": "Rumawi"
},
{
"word": "Laut Rum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-Rum-ms-name-5qtlyz4H",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Rohingya",
"lang_code": "rhg",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rohingya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome"
],
"id": "en-Rum-rhg-name-0NIgGRhl",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Bahari ya Rum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sultani Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rumi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "sw:Countries",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Countries in Asia",
"orig": "sw:Countries in Asia",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Polities",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Countries in Europe",
"orig": "sw:Countries in Europe",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Places",
"Europe",
"Polities",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Turkey",
"orig": "sw:Turkey",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)"
],
"id": "en-Rum-sw-name-CvMEM9lV",
"links": [
[
"Uturuki",
"Uturuki#Swahili"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Uturuki"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "sw:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-Rum-sw-name-DlATd88C",
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Roma",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-prop-c-ou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'da",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'dan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'un",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-poss-prop-c-ou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'un",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'umuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'unuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "tr-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 16 10 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 8 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 11 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 8 27 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "tr:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Greek person living in Muslim countries, especially in Turkey (now chiefly in Istanbul, Izmir, Thrace and Pontus) and Cyprus."
],
"id": "en-Rum-tr-name-8t8mpedg",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"chiefly",
"chiefly"
],
[
"Istanbul",
"Istanbul"
],
[
"Izmir",
"Izmir"
],
[
"Thrace",
"Thrace"
],
[
"Pontus",
"Pontus"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 19 11 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any Greek person"
],
"id": "en-Rum-tr-name-75L6XoHZ",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Any Greek person"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 10 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 8 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 11 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 8 27 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "tr:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire"
],
"id": "en-Rum-tr-name-dmw1SkTk",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 10 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 8 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 11 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 8 27 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "tr:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"id": "en-Rum-tr-name-HfrUlvHv",
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) The former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Roma",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "uncomparable"
},
"expansion": "Rum (uncomparable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 16 10 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 8 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 11 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 8 27 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "tr:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the old Greek houses",
"text": "eski Rum evleri",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turco-Greek, of or related to the Rumlar, ethnic Greeks living in Turkey and Cyprus"
],
"id": "en-Rum-tr-adj-eLi4Jj5n",
"links": [
[
"Turco-Greek",
"Turco-Greek"
],
[
"related",
"related"
],
[
"Rumlar",
"Rumlar"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "palikarya"
},
{
"word": "Rumca"
},
{
"word": "Yunan"
},
{
"word": "Yunanca"
},
{
"word": "Yunanistan"
},
{
"word": "Yunanistanlı"
},
{
"word": "Yunanlı"
}
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*Rūmu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*Rūmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Rūmō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "Rōma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Rōma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Latin Rōma (“Rome”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Italy",
"word": "Rome"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Cities in Italy",
"en:National capitals",
"en:Places in Italy"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"English terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle Persian",
"English terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Rome",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
],
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
],
"links": [
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Seljuk",
"Seljuk"
],
[
"sultanate",
"sultanate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rûm"
},
{
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "Sivas"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom",
"word": "Rùm"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Islands",
"en:Places in Highland, Scotland",
"en:Places in Scotland"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom."
],
"links": [
[
"Rùm",
"Rùm#English"
],
[
"Inner Hebrides",
"Inner Hebrides#English"
],
[
"Highland",
"Highland#English"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland#English"
],
[
"United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms borrowed from English",
"German terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms derived from English",
"German terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German terms with homophones",
"German uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"de:Alcoholic beverages",
"de:Byzantine Empire",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "rum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: rom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: rom"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English rum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.sg"
},
"expansion": "Rum m (strong, genitive Rums, no plural)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.sg"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rum"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-plural",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊm/"
},
{
"homophone": "rum"
},
{
"audio": "De-Rum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/De-Rum.ogg/De-Rum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/De-Rum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with homophones",
"German uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"de:Alcoholic beverages",
"de:Byzantine Empire",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rum (Tirol)",
"lang": "de",
"mul": "Rum (Ungarn)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"with-article"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Rum n (proper noun, genitive Rums or (optionally with an article) Rum)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"de:Places in Austria",
"de:Places in Tyrol",
"de:Towns in Austria",
"de:Towns in Tyrol"
],
"glosses": [
"A market town in Tyrol, Austria"
],
"links": [
[
"market town",
"market town"
],
[
"Tyrol",
"Tyrol#English"
],
[
"Austria",
"Austria#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"de:Places in Hungary",
"de:Villages in Hungary",
"de:Villages in Vas County"
],
"glosses": [
"A village in Vas County, Hungary"
],
"links": [
[
"Vas County",
"Vas County#English"
],
[
"Hungary",
"Hungary#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with homophones",
"German uncountable nouns",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"de:Alcoholic beverages",
"de:Byzantine Empire",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rumtürkisch"
},
{
"word": "Sultanat Rum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum), q.v.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rums",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "Rum n (proper noun, strong, genitive Rums)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n.sg"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with historical senses",
"de:Regions of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"Anatolien",
"Anatolien#German"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Anatolien"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"proper-noun",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with historical senses",
"de:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"Byzanz",
"Byzanz#German"
],
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"historical",
"historical"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Byzanz"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"proper-noun",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
},
{
"homophone": "Ruhm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rūm"
},
{
"word": "Rûm"
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rumi"
},
{
"word": "Rumawi"
},
{
"word": "Laut Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fa",
"3": "روم"
},
"expansion": "Persian روم",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "روم",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic روم (Rūm)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ῥώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "la",
"3": "Roma",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Latin Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روم",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روم"
},
"expansion": "Rum (Jawi spelling روم)",
"name": "ms-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay proper nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Malay terms borrowed from Persian",
"Malay terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Latin",
"Malay terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Malay terms derived from Persian",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"ms:Cities in Italy",
"ms:National capitals",
"ms:Places in Italy",
"ms:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Rohingya",
"lang_code": "rhg",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rohingya entries with incorrect language header",
"Rohingya lemmas",
"Rohingya proper nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili proper nouns",
"Swahili terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"Swahili terms derived from Arabic",
"Swahili terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Swahili terms derived from Latin",
"Swahili terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Swahili terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Swahili terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bahari ya Rum"
},
{
"word": "sultani Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "rumi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swahili terms with archaic senses",
"sw:Countries",
"sw:Countries in Asia",
"sw:Countries in Europe",
"sw:Turkey"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Uturuki",
"Uturuki#Swahili"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Uturuki"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swahili terms with archaic senses",
"Swahili terms with historical senses",
"sw:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"polity",
"polity"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Turkish adjectives",
"Turkish doublets",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish proper nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
"Turkish terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Turkish terms derived from Latin",
"Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"Turkish terms with unknown etymologies",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Roma",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-prop-c-ou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'da",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'dan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'lardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'un",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-poss-prop-c-ou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'un",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'umuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'unuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'larınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rum'ları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Rum",
"name": "tr-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Greek person living in Muslim countries, especially in Turkey (now chiefly in Istanbul, Izmir, Thrace and Pontus) and Cyprus."
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"chiefly",
"chiefly"
],
[
"Istanbul",
"Istanbul"
],
[
"Izmir",
"Izmir"
],
[
"Thrace",
"Thrace"
],
[
"Pontus",
"Pontus"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Any Greek person"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Any Greek person"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with archaic senses",
"Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) The former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Turkish adjectives",
"Turkish doublets",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish proper nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
"Turkish terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Turkish terms derived from Latin",
"Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms needing attention/templates",
"Turkish terms with unknown etymologies",
"tr:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Roma",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "uncomparable"
},
"expansion": "Rum (uncomparable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "palikarya"
},
{
"word": "Rumca"
},
{
"word": "Yunan"
},
{
"word": "Yunanca"
},
{
"word": "Yunanistan"
},
{
"word": "Yunanistanlı"
},
{
"word": "Yunanlı"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the old Greek houses",
"text": "eski Rum evleri",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turco-Greek, of or related to the Rumlar, ethnic Greeks living in Turkey and Cyprus"
],
"links": [
[
"Turco-Greek",
"Turco-Greek"
],
[
"related",
"related"
],
[
"Rumlar",
"Rumlar"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Rum"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: uncomparable",
"path": [
"Rum"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "Rum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.