See روم on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيّ",
"roman": "rūmiyy",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-coll-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِي",
"roman": "ar-rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٌّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيُّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيُّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيًّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّ",
"roman": "rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٍّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيِّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيِّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَام",
"roman": "al-ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٌ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامًا",
"roman": "ʔarwāman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٍ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رُوم",
"pauc": "رُوم",
"pl": "أَرْوَام",
"sing": "رُومِيّ"
},
"name": "ar-decl-coll-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
17
]
],
"english": "The Byzantines have been overcome in the land nearby, but after the overcoming of them they soon shall overcome.",
"ref": "609–632 CE, Qur'an, 30:2-3:",
"roman": "ḡulibati r-rūmu fī ʔadnā l-ʔarḍi wahum min baʕdi ḡalabihim sayaḡlibūna",
"text": "غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ فِي أَدْنَىٰ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِم سَيَغْلِبُونَ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Byzantines"
],
"id": "en-روم-ar-noun-N~vAH40U",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) the Byzantines"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken paucal",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singulative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 5 3 12 2 18 8 18 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"id": "en-روم-ar-noun-abKnjZlL",
"links": [
[
"Greek Orthodox",
"Greek Orthodox"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ar:روم"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Rumelia",
"word": "رومایلی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "English: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "German: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ურუმი",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Swahili: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swahili: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm), الرُّوم (ar-rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), from Latin Romani, from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Rûm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "Rum or Rûm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum or Rûm)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "ota:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Former countries and country-like entities",
"orig": "ota:Former countries and country-like entities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-8E9uP6OD",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-9016zEvZ",
"links": [
[
"Rum",
"Rum#English"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 15 5 3 12 2 18 8 18 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 23 37 4 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-kArnULMG",
"links": [
[
"Various",
"various"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "ota:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ota:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "ota:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "ota:Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-5qtlyz4H",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "ota:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "ota:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 2 2 8 1 16 3 16 2 2 2 3 1 16 6 2 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 5 3 12 2 18 8 18 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 1 1 10 1 16 3 16 1 1 1 3 2 16 6 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 1 8 1 18 4 18 1 1 1 2 1 18 7 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name--2hWd2T8",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 43 43 1 7",
"english": "Sivas",
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "سیواس"
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-TXbxCMcC",
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "fa:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "fa:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 2 2 8 1 16 3 16 2 2 2 3 1 16 6 2 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 5 3 12 2 18 8 18 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 1 1 10 1 16 3 16 1 1 1 3 2 16 6 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 1 8 1 18 4 18 1 1 1 2 1 18 7 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 8 8 8 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 3 3 4 11 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 44 17 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 28 5 4 4 13 9 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
],
[
36,
40
]
],
"english": "Ancient Rome",
"roman": "rum-e bâstân",
"text": "روم باستان",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
27
],
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name--2hWd2T8",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "fa:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former countries and country-like entities",
"orig": "fa:Former countries and country-like entities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-3uzmikBd",
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"orig": "fa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-exyBc3wa",
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former countries and country-like entities",
"orig": "fa:Former countries and country-like entities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-vs~6~ZbB",
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English Rome",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "Dari"
},
"expansion": "(Dari)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "fa:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Lazio, Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Lazio, Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former capitals",
"orig": "fa:Former capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Lazio, Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Lazio, Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in the Roman Empire",
"orig": "fa:Places in the Roman Empire",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Regional capitals of Italy",
"orig": "fa:Regional capitals of Italy",
"parents": [
"Regional capitals",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 8 8 8 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 3 3 4 11 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 28 5 4 4 13 9 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-noun-nUh1WfR3",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English:_Q220"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
],
[
"Lazio",
"Lazio#English"
],
[
"Tiber",
"Tiber"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Metropolitan cities of Italy",
"orig": "fa:Metropolitan cities of Italy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Lazio, Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Lazio, Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 8 8 8 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-noun-Y4IDP~Gd",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English:_Q18288160"
],
[
"metropolitan city",
"metropolitan city"
],
[
"Lazio",
"Lazio#English"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "fa:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "fa:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 2 2 8 1 16 3 16 2 2 2 3 1 16 6 2 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 1 1 10 1 16 3 16 1 1 1 3 2 16 6 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 1 8 1 18 4 18 1 1 1 2 1 18 7 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 8 8 8 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 3 3 4 11 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 28 5 4 4 13 9 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-noun--2hWd2T8",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor",
"tr": "rūm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian روم (rūm, “Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (rūm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"ts": "hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlʿm /hrōm/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ῥώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "la",
"3": "Rōma"
},
"expansion": "Latin Rōma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian روم (rūm, “Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor”), from Arabic رُوم (rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlʿm /hrōm/), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Rōma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "रूम",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "رُوم",
"hi": "रूम"
},
"expansion": "رُوم • (rūm) m (Hindi spelling रूम)",
"name": "ur-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lātīnī",
"word": "لاطِینی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rūmān",
"word": "رُومان"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 16 15 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Asia Minor"
],
"id": "en-روم-ur-name-WlUk4YB4",
"links": [
[
"Asia Minor",
"Asia Minor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Asia Minor"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "اَناطولِیَہ"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"id": "en-روم-ur-name-Vwzed5Vv",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Ottoman Caliphate"
],
"id": "en-روم-ur-name-jH~rQTDq",
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Caliphate",
"Ottoman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ottoman Caliphate"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Turkey"
],
"id": "en-روم-ur-name-B8Z9du-S",
"links": [
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Turkey"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "تُرْکی"
},
{
"word": "تُرْکِیَہ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Rome"
],
"id": "en-روم-ur-name-0NIgGRhl",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuːm/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic 1-syllable words",
"Arabic collective nouns",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken paucal",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singulative",
"Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"Arabic terms borrowed from Middle Persian",
"Arabic terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Arabic terms derived from Latin",
"Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيّ",
"roman": "rūmiyy",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-coll-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِي",
"roman": "ar-rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٌّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيُّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيُّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيًّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّ",
"roman": "rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٍّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيِّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيِّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَام",
"roman": "al-ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٌ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامًا",
"roman": "ʔarwāman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٍ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رُوم",
"pauc": "رُوم",
"pl": "أَرْوَام",
"sing": "رُومِيّ"
},
"name": "ar-decl-coll-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic collective nouns",
"Arabic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
17
]
],
"english": "The Byzantines have been overcome in the land nearby, but after the overcoming of them they soon shall overcome.",
"ref": "609–632 CE, Qur'an, 30:2-3:",
"roman": "ḡulibati r-rūmu fī ʔadnā l-ʔarḍi wahum min baʕdi ḡalabihim sayaḡlibūna",
"text": "غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ فِي أَدْنَىٰ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِم سَيَغْلِبُونَ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Byzantines"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) the Byzantines"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arabic collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek Orthodox",
"Greek Orthodox"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ar:روم"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Ottoman Turkish lemmas",
"Ottoman Turkish nouns",
"Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Latin",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Rumelia",
"word": "رومایلی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "English: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "German: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ურუმი",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Swahili: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swahili: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm), الرُّوم (ar-rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), from Latin Romani, from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Rûm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "Rum or Rûm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum or Rûm)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses",
"ota:Byzantine Empire",
"ota:Former countries and country-like entities"
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rum",
"Rum#English"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"links": [
[
"Various",
"various"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ota:Cities in Italy",
"ota:National capitals",
"ota:Places in Italy",
"ota:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses",
"ota:Ancient Rome",
"ota:Former polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Sivas",
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "سیواس"
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Dari",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms derived from Latin",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"Persian terms with obsolete senses",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom): Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"fa:Ancient Rome",
"fa:Former polities"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
],
[
36,
40
]
],
"english": "Ancient Rome",
"roman": "rum-e bâstân",
"text": "روم باستان",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
27
],
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Byzantine Empire",
"fa:Former countries and country-like entities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"fa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Former countries and country-like entities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Dari",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English Rome",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "Dari"
},
"expansion": "(Dari)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fa:Ancient settlements",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:Cities in Lazio, Italy",
"fa:Former capitals",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Places in Lazio, Italy",
"fa:Places in the Roman Empire",
"fa:Regional capitals of Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English:_Q220"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
],
[
"Lazio",
"Lazio#English"
],
[
"Tiber",
"Tiber"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fa:Metropolitan cities of Italy",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Places in Lazio, Italy"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English:_Q18288160"
],
[
"metropolitan city",
"metropolitan city"
],
[
"Lazio",
"Lazio#English"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Ancient Rome",
"fa:Former polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu masculine nouns",
"Urdu proper nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Urdu terms derived from Arabic",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Latin",
"Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "روم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor",
"tr": "rūm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian روم (rūm, “Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (rūm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"ts": "hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlʿm /hrōm/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ῥώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "la",
"3": "Rōma"
},
"expansion": "Latin Rōma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian روم (rūm, “Rome; Byzantium; Asia Minor”), from Arabic رُوم (rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlʿm /hrōm/), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Rōma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "रूम",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "رُوم",
"hi": "रूम"
},
"expansion": "رُوم • (rūm) m (Hindi spelling रूम)",
"name": "ur-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "lātīnī",
"word": "لاطِینی"
},
{
"roman": "rūmān",
"word": "رُومان"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Asia Minor"
],
"links": [
[
"Asia Minor",
"Asia Minor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Asia Minor"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "اَناطولِیَہ"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Ottoman Caliphate"
],
"links": [
[
"Ottoman Caliphate",
"Ottoman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ottoman Caliphate"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Turkey"
],
"links": [
[
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Turkey"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "تُرْکی"
},
{
"word": "تُرْکِیَہ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Rome"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuːm/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
Download raw JSONL data for روم meaning in All languages combined (30.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: روم/Arabic 'collective' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"روم"
],
"section": "Arabic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "روم",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: روم/Arabic 'collective' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"روم"
],
"section": "Arabic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "روم",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'plural of variety'",
"path": [
"روم"
],
"section": "Arabic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "روم",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'plural of variety'",
"path": [
"روم"
],
"section": "Arabic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "روم",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.