See روم on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for روم meaning in All languages combined (29.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيّ",
"roman": "rūmiyy",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-coll-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِي",
"roman": "ar-rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٌّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيُّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيُّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيًّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّ",
"roman": "rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٍّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيِّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيِّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَام",
"roman": "al-ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٌ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامًا",
"roman": "ʔarwāman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٍ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رُوم",
"pauc": "رُوم",
"pl": "أَرْوَام",
"sing": "رُومِيّ"
},
"name": "ar-decl-coll-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Byzantines"
],
"id": "en-روم-ar-noun-N~vAH40U",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) the Byzantines"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken paucal",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singulative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"id": "en-روم-ar-noun-abKnjZlL",
"links": [
[
"Greek Orthodox",
"Greek Orthodox"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ar:روم"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "Rumelia",
"word": "رومایلی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "English: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "German: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ურუმი",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Swahili: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swahili: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Rûm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "Rum or Rûm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum or Rûm)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "ota:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 22 6 11 1 3 20 16 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-8E9uP6OD",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 29 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-9016zEvZ",
"links": [
[
"Rum",
"Rum#English"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 6 22 6 11 1 3 20 16 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-kArnULMG",
"links": [
[
"Various",
"various"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "ota:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ota:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "ota:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "ota:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-ota-name-5qtlyz4H",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "25 38 37 0",
"english": "Sivas",
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "سیواس"
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-8baDla7g",
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 22 6 11 1 3 20 16 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 27 5 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 32 29 6 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-hyfPLf4p",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 22 6 11 1 3 20 16 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 27 5 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 32 29 6 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-3uzmikBd",
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Regions of Asia",
"orig": "fa:Regions of Asia",
"parents": [
"Regions",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-exyBc3wa",
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 33 27 5 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 32 29 6 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-vs~6~ZbB",
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "English Rome",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-noun-5qtlyz4H",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dari) Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic 1-syllable words",
"Arabic collective nouns",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken paucal",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singulative",
"Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"Arabic terms borrowed from Middle Persian",
"Arabic terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Arabic terms derived from Latin",
"Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رُوم",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rūm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيّ",
"roman": "rūmiyy",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-coll-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِي",
"roman": "ar-rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِي",
"roman": "rūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٌّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيُّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيُّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيًّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّ",
"roman": "rūmiyya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيٍّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيِّ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيِّ",
"roman": "rūmiyyi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْن",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّانِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّا",
"roman": "rūmiyyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِيَّيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmiyyayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِيَّيْ",
"roman": "rūmiyyay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"collective",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singulative",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّوم",
"roman": "ar-rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُوم",
"roman": "rūm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٌ",
"roman": "rūmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومُ",
"roman": "ar-rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومُ",
"roman": "rūmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومًا",
"roman": "rūman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومَ",
"roman": "ar-rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومَ",
"roman": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومٍ",
"roman": "rūmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرُّومِ",
"roman": "ar-rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رُومِ",
"roman": "rūmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَام",
"roman": "al-ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَام",
"roman": "ʔarwām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"informal",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٌ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامُ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"nominative",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامًا",
"roman": "ʔarwāman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامَ",
"roman": "ʔarwāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامٍ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الْأَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "al-ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "أَرْوَامِ",
"roman": "ʔarwāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"genitive",
"paucal",
"plural",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رُوم",
"pauc": "رُوم",
"pl": "أَرْوَام",
"sing": "رُومِيّ"
},
"name": "ar-decl-coll-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"the Byzantines"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) the Byzantines"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arabic collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek Orthodox",
"Greek Orthodox"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Greek Orthodox Christians"
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruːm/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ar:روم"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Ottoman Turkish lemmas",
"Ottoman Turkish nouns",
"Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Latin",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Rumelia",
"word": "رومایلی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "English: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "German: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ურუმი",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Swahili: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swahili: Rum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: Rum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: Rum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رُوم",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
"tr": "Rūm"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥωμανία",
"4": "",
"5": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Rûm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "Rum or Rûm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum or Rûm)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses",
"ota:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rum",
"Rum#English"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"links": [
[
"Various",
"various"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"Byzantine",
"Byzantine"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of \"Roman\" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ota:Cities in Italy",
"ota:National capitals",
"ota:Places in Italy",
"ota:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Sivas",
"sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
"word": "سیواس"
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms derived from Latin",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "Ῥωμανία",
"3": "",
"4": "Byzantine Empire"
},
"expansion": "Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "Roma",
"3": "",
"4": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"Persian terms with obsolete senses",
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"fa:Regions of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "English Rome",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dari",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dari) Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.