See Rum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle English", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old English", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*Rūmu" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*Rūmō" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Rūmō", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "LL.", "3": "Rōma", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire" }, "expansion": "Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "Rōma", "4": "", "5": "Rome" }, "expansion": "Latin Rōma (“Rome”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "the capital of Italy", "word": "Rome" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Cities in Italy", "orig": "en:Cities in Italy", "parents": [ "Cities", "Places", "Polities", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "National capitals", "orig": "en:National capitals", "parents": [ "Capital cities", "Cities", "Polities", "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Places in Italy", "orig": "en:Places in Italy", "parents": [ "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy." ], "id": "en-Rum-en-name-5cKm2wgF", "links": [ [ "Rome", "Rome#English" ], [ "capital", "capital" ], [ "Italy", "Italy#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy." ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative", "archaic", "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "Rum" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "trk-oat", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ota", "3": "روم", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia", "tr": "Rum" }, "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "رُوم", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire", "tr": "Rūm" }, "expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "pal", "3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬", "tr": "Hrom" }, "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gkm", "3": "Ῥωμανία", "4": "", "5": "Byzantine Empire" }, "expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "Romanus", "4": "Romani", "5": "Romans" }, "expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "Roma", "3": "Rome" }, "expansion": "Doublet of Roma and Rome", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Roma and Rome.", "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire." ], "id": "en-Rum-en-name-5AwxdG6D", "links": [ [ "Ottoman Empire", "Ottoman Empire#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire." ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "79 5 16", "sense": "Ottoman eyalet", "word": "Sivas" } ], "tags": [ "historical" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Historical polities", "orig": "en:Historical polities", "parents": [ "Polities", "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate." ], "id": "en-Rum-en-name-tFPSGxj0", "links": [ [ "polity", "polity" ], [ "Anatolia", "Anatolia#English" ], [ "Seljuk", "Seljuk" ], [ "sultanate", "sultanate" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate." ], "tags": [ "historical" ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts." ], "id": "en-Rum-en-name-n7ueH6sW", "links": [ [ "Anatolia", "Anatolia#English" ], [ "Byzantine Empire", "Byzantine Empire#English" ], [ "historical", "historical" ], [ "Turkish", "Turkish" ], [ "context", "context" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts." ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "synonym", "synonym-of" ], "word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts" } ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "Rûm" } ], "word": "Rum" } { "etymology_number": 3, "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom", "word": "Rùm" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Islands", "orig": "en:Islands", "parents": [ "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Places in Highland, Scotland", "orig": "en:Places in Highland, Scotland", "parents": [ "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Places in Scotland", "orig": "en:Places in Scotland", "parents": [ "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "5 4 2 8 81", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 3 3 4 15 7 7 4 4 0 8 7 3 3 7 10 9 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 1 1 1 15 7 5 2 1 1 19 23 1 1 5 7 6 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 6 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 1 1 1 19 10 6 1 1 0 17 20 1 1 6 8 5 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom." ], "id": "en-Rum-en-name-uYOD1X2K", "links": [ [ "Rùm", "Rùm#English" ], [ "Inner Hebrides", "Inner Hebrides#English" ], [ "Highland", "Highland#English" ], [ "Scotland", "Scotland#English" ], [ "United Kingdom", "United Kingdom#English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "Rum" }
{ "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English proper nouns", "English terms derived from Late Latin", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "tr:Nationalities" ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle English", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old English", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*Rūmu" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*Rūmō" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Rūmō", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "LL.", "3": "Rōma", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire" }, "expansion": "Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "Rōma", "4": "", "5": "Rome" }, "expansion": "Latin Rōma (“Rome”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "the capital of Italy", "word": "Rome" } ], "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with obsolete senses", "en:Cities in Italy", "en:National capitals", "en:Places in Italy" ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy." ], "links": [ [ "Rome", "Rome#English" ], [ "capital", "capital" ], [ "Italy", "Italy#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy." ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative", "archaic", "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "Rum" } { "categories": [ "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English proper nouns", "English terms borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish", "English terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Byzantine Greek", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle Persian", "English terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish", "English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish", "English uncountable nouns", "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "tr:Nationalities" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "trk-oat", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ota", "3": "روم", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia", "tr": "Rum" }, "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "رُوم", "4": "", "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire", "tr": "Rūm" }, "expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "pal", "3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬", "tr": "Hrom" }, "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gkm", "3": "Ῥωμανία", "4": "", "5": "Byzantine Empire" }, "expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "Romanus", "4": "Romani", "5": "Romans" }, "expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "Roma", "3": "Rome" }, "expansion": "Doublet of Roma and Rome", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Roma and Rome.", "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with historical senses" ], "glosses": [ "An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire." ], "links": [ [ "Ottoman Empire", "Ottoman Empire#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire." ], "tags": [ "historical" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with historical senses", "en:Historical polities" ], "glosses": [ "A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate." ], "links": [ [ "polity", "polity" ], [ "Anatolia", "Anatolia#English" ], [ "Seljuk", "Seljuk" ], [ "sultanate", "sultanate" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate." ], "tags": [ "historical" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses" ], "glosses": [ "Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts." ], "links": [ [ "Anatolia", "Anatolia#English" ], [ "Byzantine Empire", "Byzantine Empire#English" ], [ "historical", "historical" ], [ "Turkish", "Turkish" ], [ "context", "context" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts." ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "synonym", "synonym-of" ], "word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts" } ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "Rûm" }, { "sense": "Ottoman eyalet", "word": "Sivas" } ], "word": "Rum" } { "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English proper nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "tr:Nationalities" ], "etymology_number": 3, "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "Rum", "name": "en-proper noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom", "word": "Rùm" } ], "categories": [ "en:Islands", "en:Places in Highland, Scotland", "en:Places in Scotland" ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom." ], "links": [ [ "Rùm", "Rùm#English" ], [ "Inner Hebrides", "Inner Hebrides#English" ], [ "Highland", "Highland#English" ], [ "Scotland", "Scotland#English" ], [ "United Kingdom", "United Kingdom#English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "Rum" }
Download raw JSONL data for Rum meaning in English (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.