"Rum" meaning in English

See Rum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

Etymology: From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{inh|en|ang|-}} Old English, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*Rūmu}} Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*Rūmō}} Proto-Germanic *Rūmō, {{der|en|LL.|Rōma||Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire}} Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), {{der|en|la|Rōma||Rome}} Latin Rōma (“Rome”) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Rum
  1. (obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy. Tags: alt-of, alternative, archaic, obsolete Alternative form of: Rome (extra: the capital of Italy) Categories (place): Cities in Italy, National capitals, Places in Italy
    Sense id: en-Rum-en-name-5cKm2wgF
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Proper name

Etymology: From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|trk-oat|-}} Old Anatolian Turkish, {{bor|en|ota|روم||Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia|tr=Rum}} Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), {{der|en|ar|رُوم||Rome; Byzantine Empire|tr=Rūm}} Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), {{der|en|pal|𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬|tr=Hrom}} Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), {{der|en|gkm|Ῥωμανία||Byzantine Empire}} Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), {{der|en|la|Romanus|Romani|Romans}} Latin Romani (“Romans”), {{m|la|Roma||Rome}} Roma (“Rome”), {{doublet|en|Rome}} Doublet of Rome Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Rum
  1. (historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire. Tags: historical Synonyms (Ottoman eyalet): Sivas
    Sense id: en-Rum-en-name-5AwxdG6D Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 37 9 24 30 Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15 Disambiguation of 'Ottoman eyalet': 70 8 22
  2. (historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate. Tags: historical Categories (place): Historical polities
    Sense id: en-Rum-en-name-tFPSGxj0
  3. (archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts. Tags: archaic Synonyms: Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Rum-en-name-n7ueH6sW Categories (other): Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 10 3 11 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 11 3 4 3 16 15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Rûm
Etymology number: 2

Proper name

Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Rum
  1. Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom. Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: Rùm (extra: an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom) Categories (place): Islands, Places in Highland, Scotland, Places in Scotland
    Sense id: en-Rum-en-name-uYOD1X2K
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Download JSON data for Rum meaning in English (7.6kB)

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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "args": {
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        "2": "enm",
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      "expansion": "Middle English",
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      "args": {
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      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).",
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        {
          "extra": "the capital of Italy",
          "word": "Rome"
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        "Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
      ],
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  ],
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}

{
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      "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
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      "args": {
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        "4": "",
        "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
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          "_dis": "1 37 9 24 30",
          "kind": "other",
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            "Entry maintenance"
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        }
      ],
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        "An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-Rum-en-name-5AwxdG6D",
      "links": [
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          "Ottoman Empire",
          "Ottoman Empire#English"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
      ],
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        {
          "_dis1": "70 8 22",
          "sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
          "word": "Sivas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
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      ]
    },
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          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
      ],
      "id": "en-Rum-en-name-tFPSGxj0",
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        [
          "polity",
          "polity"
        ],
        [
          "Anatolia",
          "Anatolia#English"
        ],
        [
          "Seljuk",
          "Seljuk"
        ],
        [
          "sultanate",
          "sultanate"
        ]
      ],
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        "(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
      ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
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        [
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          "Turkish"
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        [
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
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    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Rûm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Rum"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
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        {
          "extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom",
          "word": "Rùm"
        }
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          "kind": "place",
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      ],
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        "Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom."
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        ],
        [
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          "Scotland#English"
        ],
        [
          "United Kingdom",
          "United Kingdom#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
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    }
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  "word": "Rum"
}
{
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    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "tr:Nationalities"
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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
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          "word": "Rome"
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        "en:Cities in Italy",
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        "en:Places in Italy"
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        "(obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy."
      ],
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  "word": "Rum"
}

{
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
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    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish",
    "English terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "English terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
    "English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "tr:Nationalities"
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    {
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        "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia",
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      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "4": "",
        "5": "Rome; Byzantine Empire",
        "tr": "Rūm"
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      "expansion": "Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
        "tr": "Hrom"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "Ῥωμανία",
        "4": "",
        "5": "Byzantine Empire"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "Romanus",
        "4": "Romani",
        "5": "Romans"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Roma",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Rome"
      },
      "expansion": "Roma (“Rome”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Rome"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Rome",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.",
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "Rum",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Ottoman Empire",
          "Ottoman Empire#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Historical polities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "polity",
          "polity"
        ],
        [
          "Anatolia",
          "Anatolia#English"
        ],
        [
          "Seljuk",
          "Seljuk"
        ],
        [
          "sultanate",
          "sultanate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Anatolia",
          "Anatolia#English"
        ],
        [
          "Byzantine Empire",
          "Byzantine Empire#English"
        ],
        [
          "historical",
          "historical"
        ],
        [
          "Turkish",
          "Turkish"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Rûm"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Ottoman eyalet",
      "word": "Sivas"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Rum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "tr:Nationalities"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Rum",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom",
          "word": "Rùm"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "en:Islands",
        "en:Places in Highland, Scotland",
        "en:Places in Scotland"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rùm",
          "Rùm#English"
        ],
        [
          "Inner Hebrides",
          "Inner Hebrides#English"
        ],
        [
          "Highland",
          "Highland#English"
        ],
        [
          "Scotland",
          "Scotland#English"
        ],
        [
          "United Kingdom",
          "United Kingdom#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Rum"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.