See -stan on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "ـستان",
"tr": "-istān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian ـستان (-istān)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "-stʾn'",
"tr": "-estān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "stāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *stáHnam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*stʰáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थान",
"tr": "sthā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стан"
},
"expansion": "Russian стан (stan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stanъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stanъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stay"
},
"expansion": "English stay",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian ـستان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).\nCompare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na), Russian стан (stan) (< Proto-Slavic *stanъ), English stay, stand, state.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-stan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Baluchistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Balochistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Bashkortostan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Dagestan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Hindustan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Karakalpakstan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Kazakhstan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Khalistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Khuzestan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Kurdistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Kyrgyzstan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Lorestan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Pakistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Rajasthan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Tajikistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Tatarstan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Turkestan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Turkmenistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "Uzbekistan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 15 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 18 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 16 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 18 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 16 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 20 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 17 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 18 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 16 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in the names of regions in the Middle East and Central Asia which were historically influenced by Persian and Turkic cultures."
],
"id": "en--stan-en-suffix-QeIW6FB4",
"links": [
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
],
[
"Central Asia",
"Central Asia#English"
],
[
"Persian",
"Persian#English"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "absurd + -i- + -stan → Absurdistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerd + -i- + -stan → nerdistan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form fictitious or metaphoric country names, often with a connotation of it being an exotic or hostile country."
],
"id": "en--stan-en-suffix-4KEBAyIG",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often humorous) Used to form fictitious or metaphoric country names, often with a connotation of it being an exotic or hostile country."
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 21 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 25 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 24 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 20 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 18 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "London + -i- + -stan → Londonistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dearborn + -i- + -stan → Dearbornistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sweden + -i- + -stan → Swedistan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used after European and American place names to emphasize that there are many Middle Easterners or Muslims there."
],
"id": "en--stan-en-suffix-fpQB9cEe",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Middle Easterner",
"Middle Easterner#English"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) Used after European and American place names to emphasize that there are many Middle Easterners or Muslims there."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"morpheme",
"slur"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـسْتَان"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sthan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "স্থান"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-sītǎn",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-斯坦"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-stán"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ujo"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-io"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סטן"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סתאן"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סטאן"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"note": "connected with diacritic -i- after consonants",
"roman": "-stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "स्तान"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "istān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "इस्तान"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sthān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "स्थान"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sthaan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ស្ថាន"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-stāna"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-stanas"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stʾn' (-estān)"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "-istan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-estân",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istão"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-istán",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-иста́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-stán",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ста́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stán"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "-iston",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "-ston",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-tǎan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "สถาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"alt": "-(i)stān",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-iston"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 20 57",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ston"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 23",
"word": "-estan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-stan"
],
"word": "-stan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ـستان",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "ـستان",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"f1sc": "ku-Arab",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-stan f (Arabic spelling ـستان)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -istan"
],
"id": "en--stan-kmr-suffix-fYaiPA3J",
"links": [
[
"-istan",
"-istan#Northern_Kurdish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "-stan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Middle Persian",
"English terms derived from Old Persian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle Persian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "ـستان",
"tr": "-istān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian ـستان (-istān)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "-stʾn'",
"tr": "-estān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "stāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *stáHnam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*stʰáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थान",
"tr": "sthā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стан"
},
"expansion": "Russian стан (stan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stanъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stanъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stay"
},
"expansion": "English stay",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian ـستان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).\nCompare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na), Russian стан (stan) (< Proto-Slavic *stanъ), English stay, stand, state.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-stan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"word": "Baluchistan"
},
{
"word": "Balochistan"
},
{
"word": "Bashkortostan"
},
{
"word": "Dagestan"
},
{
"word": "Hindustan"
},
{
"word": "Karakalpakstan"
},
{
"word": "Kazakhstan"
},
{
"word": "Khalistan"
},
{
"word": "Khuzestan"
},
{
"word": "Kurdistan"
},
{
"word": "Kyrgyzstan"
},
{
"word": "Lorestan"
},
{
"word": "Pakistan"
},
{
"word": "Rajasthan"
},
{
"word": "Tajikistan"
},
{
"word": "Tatarstan"
},
{
"word": "Turkestan"
},
{
"word": "Turkmenistan"
},
{
"word": "Uzbekistan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used in the names of regions in the Middle East and Central Asia which were historically influenced by Persian and Turkic cultures."
],
"links": [
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
],
[
"Central Asia",
"Central Asia#English"
],
[
"Persian",
"Persian#English"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "absurd + -i- + -stan → Absurdistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerd + -i- + -stan → nerdistan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form fictitious or metaphoric country names, often with a connotation of it being an exotic or hostile country."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often humorous) Used to form fictitious or metaphoric country names, often with a connotation of it being an exotic or hostile country."
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English ethnic slurs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "London + -i- + -stan → Londonistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dearborn + -i- + -stan → Dearbornistan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sweden + -i- + -stan → Swedistan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used after European and American place names to emphasize that there are many Middle Easterners or Muslims there."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Middle Easterner",
"Middle Easterner#English"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) Used after European and American place names to emphasize that there are many Middle Easterners or Muslims there."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"morpheme",
"slur"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"word": "-estan"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـسْتَان"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sthan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "স্থান"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-sītǎn",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-斯坦"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-stán"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ujo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-io"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סטן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סתאן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-סטאן"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"note": "connected with diacritic -i- after consonants",
"roman": "-stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "stān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "स्तान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "istān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "इस्तान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sthān",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "स्थान"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sthaan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ស្ថាន"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-stāna"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-stanas"
},
{
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stʾn' (-estān)"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "-istan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-estân",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-istán",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-иста́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-stán",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ста́н"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stán"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "-iston",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "-ston",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-tǎan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "สถาน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-stan",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"alt": "-(i)stān",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-iston"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "used in actual place names",
"word": "-ston"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-stan"
],
"word": "-stan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ـستان",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "ـستان",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"f1sc": "ku-Arab",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-stan f (Arabic spelling ـستان)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"categories": [
"Northern Kurdish 1-syllable words",
"Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Kurdish feminine suffixes",
"Northern Kurdish lemmas",
"Northern Kurdish noun-forming suffixes",
"Northern Kurdish suffixes",
"Northern Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -istan"
],
"links": [
[
"-istan",
"-istan#Northern_Kurdish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "-stan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -stan meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.