See 灯 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 灯 meaning in All languages combined (26.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": ""
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "火//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "火",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "丁//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ</span>"
},
"expansion": "丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "火",
"2": "丁",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
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"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).",
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han phono-semantic compounds",
"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
"灯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一弓 (FMN), composition ⿰火丁)"
],
"id": "en-灯-mul-character-2hf6CILM",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"火",
"火#Translingual"
],
[
"丁",
"丁#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "燈",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tōka",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"火",
"か"
]
],
"word": "灯火"
},
{
"roman": "tōyu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
},
{
"roman": "tōrō",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"籠",
"ろう"
]
],
"word": "灯籠"
},
{
"roman": "gentō",
"ruby": [
[
"幻",
"げん"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "幻灯"
},
{
"roman": "yatō",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "夜灯"
},
{
"roman": "chōchin",
"ruby": [
[
"提",
"ちょう"
],
[
"灯",
"ちん"
]
],
"word": "提灯"
},
{
"roman": "andon",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"あん"
],
[
"灯",
"どん"
]
],
"word": "行灯"
},
{
"roman": "hōzuki",
"ruby": [
[
"鬼灯",
"ホオズキ"
]
],
"word": "鬼灯"
}
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
"expansion": "燈 (MC tong)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
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},
{
"form": "tō",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とう"
},
"expansion": "灯(とう) • (tō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "tō messen to shite hikari o masu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"滅",
"めっ"
],
[
"光",
"ひかり"
],
[
"増",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "灯滅せんとして光を増す"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "灯心"
},
{
"roman": "tōshimi",
"word": "灯芯"
},
{
"roman": "shūyatō",
"ruby": [
[
"終",
"しゅう"
],
[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "終夜灯"
},
{
"roman": "dentō",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "電灯"
},
{
"roman": "denkitō",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "電気灯"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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"args": {
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{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
"expansion": "燈 (MC tong)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
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},
{
"form": "-tō",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "counter",
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"expansion": "灯(とう) • (-tō)",
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"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "counter",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
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"_dis": "0 14 0 75 0 11",
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],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ittō",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いっ"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "一灯"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-counter-0GMYa7ai",
"links": [
[
"電灯",
"電灯#Japanese"
],
[
"electric",
"electric#English"
],
[
"light",
"light#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
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{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
"expansion": "燈 (MC tong)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
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},
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"form": "-tō",
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],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "灯(とう) • (-tō)",
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "āku-tō",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "アーク灯"
}
],
"glosses": [
"electric light"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-suffix-VhcNuyRr",
"links": [
[
"electric",
"electric"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
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],
"word": "灯"
}
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"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
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"form": "tō",
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}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
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},
"expansion": "灯(とう) • (tō)",
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-affix-6NcUqMx2",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 45 21 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buddhist teaching"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-affix-dsXSEGE0",
"links": [
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"teaching",
"teaching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Buddhist teaching"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tomoshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "tomoshi"
},
"expansion": "点し (tomoshi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"3": "",
"4": "to light",
"tr": "tomosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tomosu, “to light”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the 10th century.\nNominalization of 点し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu, “to light”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomoshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともし"
},
"expansion": "灯(ともし) • (tomoshi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-SjdikRaZ",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting",
"word": "照射"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 15 16 0 0 20 7 0 11 14 1 1 0 10 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "0 5 0 12 17 0 1 17 4 1 9 12 2 2 1 9 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-Uyz1iy47",
"links": [
[
"照射",
"照射#Japanese"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"night",
"night"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tomoshibi kien to shite hikari o masu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
],
[
"消",
"き"
],
[
"光",
"ひかり"
],
[
"増",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "灯消えんとして光を増す"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"tr": "tomosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tomosu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tomosu), “to light”",
"sort": "ともしひ",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "tomoshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi",
"sort": "ともしひ"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”).\nThe hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
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],
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]
},
{
"form": "tomoshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "ともしび"
},
"expansion": "灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi)",
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"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
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{
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{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue",
"roman": "Chikyū wa mawaru kimi o kakushite kagayaku hitomi kirameku tomoshibi",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
],
[
"輝",
"かがや"
],
[
"瞳",
"ひとみ"
],
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
]
],
"text": "地球はまわる君をかくして 輝く瞳きらめく灯..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-SjdikRaZ1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
},
{
"word": "灯火"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch)"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-LjV8gIql",
"links": [
[
"lit",
"lit"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"candle",
"candle#English"
],
[
"torch",
"torch#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 8 48 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-4NgXk-gT",
"links": [
[
"律令",
"律令#Japanese"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
],
[
"university",
"university"
],
[
"student",
"student"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕibʲi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "toboshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "toboshi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"3": "",
"4": "to light",
"pos": "archaic",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (toboshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 0 12 17 0 1 17 4 1 9 12 2 2 1 9 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an indoor torch"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-ebs8LHEq",
"links": [
[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an indoor torch"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-ud0dmPl0",
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "toboshi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"3": "",
"4": "to light",
"pos": "archaic",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 0 12 17 0 1 17 4 1 9 12 2 2 1 9 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-name-M1g9SmfF",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tobosu), “to light”, archaic",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "toboshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "灯"
},
"expansion": "とう",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼしび"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼしび"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshibi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-Z~DPStbw",
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "miakashi",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"み"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"word": "御灯"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "明かす",
"3": "",
"4": "to go through the whole night",
"tr": "akasu"
},
"expansion": "明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "あかし"
},
"expansion": "灯(あかし) • (akashi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
"ref": "1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto",
"roman": "yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku",
"ruby": [
[
"櫓",
"やぐら"
],
[
"太",
"だい"
],
[
"鼓",
"こ"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
],
[
"揃",
"そろ"
],
[
"浴衣",
"ゆかた"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"text": "櫓太鼓の灯がゆれて 揃い浴衣の夏がゆく"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Shinto",
"orig": "ja:Shinto",
"parents": [
"Japan",
"Religion",
"Asia",
"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 12 14 0 1 17 11 1 12 14 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 11 17 0 1 15 11 1 12 15 1 1 1 11 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-dDwg3mYd",
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"buddha",
"buddha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"3": "",
"4": "fire",
"tr": "hi"
},
"expansion": "火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひ"
},
"expansion": "灯(ひ) • (hi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
"roman": "hisuzushi",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"涼",
"すず"
]
],
"word": "灯涼し"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue",
"roman": "takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"懐",
"なつ"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"text": "...たくさんの灯が懐かしいのは あのどれかひとつに君がいるから"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"燈"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 4 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ちょう",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading とう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ちやう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading てい",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あかし",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ともしび",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ひ",
"Japanese kanji with tōon reading ちん",
"Japanese kanji with tōon reading とん",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tōka",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"火",
"か"
]
],
"word": "灯火"
},
{
"roman": "tōyu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
},
{
"roman": "tōrō",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"籠",
"ろう"
]
],
"word": "灯籠"
},
{
"roman": "gentō",
"ruby": [
[
"幻",
"げん"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "幻灯"
},
{
"roman": "yatō",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "夜灯"
},
{
"roman": "chōchin",
"ruby": [
[
"提",
"ちょう"
],
[
"灯",
"ちん"
]
],
"word": "提灯"
},
{
"roman": "andon",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"あん"
],
[
"灯",
"どん"
]
],
"word": "行灯"
},
{
"roman": "hōzuki",
"ruby": [
[
"鬼灯",
"ホオズキ"
]
],
"word": "鬼灯"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "燈",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
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"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "灯心"
},
{
"roman": "tōshimi",
"word": "灯芯"
},
{
"roman": "shūyatō",
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[
"終",
"しゅう"
],
[
"夜",
"や"
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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],
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{
"roman": "dentō",
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[
"電",
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[
"灯",
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},
{
"roman": "denkitō",
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[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"灯",
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],
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
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{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tō",
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"romanization"
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}
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{
"args": {
"1": "とう"
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "tō messen to shite hikari o masu",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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[
"滅",
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[
"光",
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[
"増",
"ま"
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],
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}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
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[
"lamp",
"lamp"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
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]
}
],
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{
"other": "とー"
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{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ittō",
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[
"一",
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[
"灯",
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],
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],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-tō",
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"romanization"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
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"pos": "counter",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)"
],
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[
"電灯",
"電灯#Japanese"
],
[
"electric",
"electric#English"
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[
"light",
"light#English"
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]
}
],
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"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
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"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "āku-tō",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
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}
],
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-tō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
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},
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"electric light"
],
"links": [
[
"electric",
"electric"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
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"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
"expansion": "燈 (MC tong)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Buddhist teaching"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"teaching",
"teaching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Buddhist teaching"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tomoshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "tomoshi"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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"4": "to light",
"tr": "tomosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tomosu, “to light”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the 10th century.\nNominalization of 点し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu, “to light”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomoshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともし"
},
"expansion": "灯(ともし) • (tomoshi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting",
"word": "照射"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting"
],
"links": [
[
"照射",
"照射#Japanese"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"night",
"night"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tomoshibi kien to shite hikari o masu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
],
[
"消",
"き"
],
[
"光",
"ひかり"
],
[
"増",
"ま"
]
],
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}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
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"sort": "ともしひ",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "tomoshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
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"sort": "ともしひ"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”).\nThe hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"ともしび"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "tomoshibi",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue",
"roman": "Chikyū wa mawaru kimi o kakushite kagayaku hitomi kirameku tomoshibi",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
],
[
"輝",
"かがや"
],
[
"瞳",
"ひとみ"
],
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
]
],
"text": "地球はまわる君をかくして 輝く瞳きらめく灯..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
},
{
"word": "灯火"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch)"
],
"links": [
[
"lit",
"lit"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"candle",
"candle#English"
],
[
"torch",
"torch#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"links": [
[
"律令",
"律令#Japanese"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
],
[
"university",
"university"
],
[
"student",
"student"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕibʲi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "toboshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "toboshi"
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"expansion": "点し (toboshi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"3": "",
"4": "to light",
"pos": "archaic",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (toboshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"an indoor torch"
],
"links": [
[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an indoor torch"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"tr": "toboshi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"3": "",
"4": "to light",
"pos": "archaic",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点す",
"tr": "tobosu"
},
"expansion": "点す (tobosu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tobosu), “to light”, archaic",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "toboshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "灯"
},
"expansion": "とう",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼしび"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼしび"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshibi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "miakashi",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"み"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"word": "御灯"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "明かす",
"3": "",
"4": "to go through the whole night",
"tr": "akasu"
},
"expansion": "明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "あかし"
},
"expansion": "灯(あかし) • (akashi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
"ref": "1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto",
"roman": "yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku",
"ruby": [
[
"櫓",
"やぐら"
],
[
"太",
"だい"
],
[
"鼓",
"こ"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
],
[
"揃",
"そろ"
],
[
"浴衣",
"ゆかた"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"text": "櫓太鼓の灯がゆれて 揃い浴衣の夏がゆく"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism",
"ja:Shinto"
],
"glosses": [
"a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"buddha",
"buddha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
"roman": "hisuzushi",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"涼",
"すず"
]
],
"word": "灯涼し"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "火",
"3": "",
"4": "fire",
"tr": "hi"
},
"expansion": "火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひ"
},
"expansion": "灯(ひ) • (hi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue",
"roman": "takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"懐",
"なつ"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"text": "...たくさんの灯が懐かしいのは あのどれかひとつに君がいるから"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": ""
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "火//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "火",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "丁//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ</span>"
},
"expansion": "丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "火",
"2": "丁",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).",
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han char without four",
"Han phono-semantic compounds",
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"灯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一弓 (FMN), composition ⿰火丁)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"火",
"火#Translingual"
],
[
"丁",
"丁#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "灯/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"燈\"], \"word\": \"灯\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.