See 灯 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"roman": "tōrō",
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[
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"ろう"
]
],
"word": "灯籠"
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{
"roman": "gentō",
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"げん"
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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},
{
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[
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{
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[
"行",
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"roman": "hōzuki",
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{
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[
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],
"word": "灯油"
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{
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[
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[
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[
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"other": "ともし"
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{
"other": "ともし"
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{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕi]"
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},
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],
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{
"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
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"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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{
"_dis": "0 1 1 22 13 1 17 19 6 7 1 14 1",
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{
"_dis": "1 3 17 0 0 1 21 3 1 13 18 2 4 1 9 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 2 21 0 0 1 26 2 1 16 13 2 3 1 10 1 2",
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"an indoor torch"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-ebs8LHEq",
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[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an indoor torch"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
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"extra": "tomoshi",
"word": "灯"
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"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
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],
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[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
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],
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"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
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}
],
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{
"other": "とぼし"
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{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 灯し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 灯す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
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{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-name-M1g9SmfF",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
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{
"other": "とぼし"
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{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
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],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
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{
"args": {
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"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "toboshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "灯し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 灯す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "灯"
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"expansion": "とう",
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{
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"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 灯し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 灯す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
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{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼしび"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshibi",
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"romanization"
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}
],
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{
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"expansion": "灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi)",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"extra": "tomoshibi",
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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],
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"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-Z~DPStbw",
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[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
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"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
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}
],
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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[
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"み"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
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],
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],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
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{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"あかし"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akashi",
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}
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{
"args": {
"1": "あかし"
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],
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
"ref": "1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto:",
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[
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"やぐら"
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[
"太",
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[
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[
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[
"揃",
"そろ"
],
[
"浴衣",
"ゆかた"
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[
"夏",
"なつ"
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],
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}
],
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"a light, lamp"
],
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"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
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[
"lamp",
"lamp"
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]
},
{
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{
"kind": "topical",
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"Fundamental"
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
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"Fundamental"
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},
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},
{
"_dis": "1 2 21 0 0 1 26 2 1 16 13 2 3 1 10 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-dDwg3mYd",
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"buddha",
"buddha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
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{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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],
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{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
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[
"灯",
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],
[
"涼",
"すず"
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],
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],
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{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:",
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"ruby": [
[
"灯",
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[
"懐",
"なつ"
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[
"君",
"きみ"
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],
"text": "...たくさんの灯が懐かしいのは あのどれかひとつに君がいるから",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
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{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
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}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"明かり"
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{
"id": "en-灯-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
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"no-gloss"
]
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ちょう",
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"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とう",
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"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tōka",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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[
"火",
"か"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tōyu",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tōrō",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"籠",
"ろう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "gentō",
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[
"幻",
"げん"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "yatō",
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[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "chōchin",
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[
"提",
"ちょう"
],
[
"灯",
"ちん"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "andon",
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[
"行",
"あん"
],
[
"灯",
"どん"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "hōzuki",
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[
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"ホオズキ"
]
],
"word": "鬼灯"
}
],
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{
"form": "燈",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
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{
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
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"Japanese counters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
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"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "灯心"
},
{
"roman": "tōshimi",
"word": "灯芯"
},
{
"roman": "shūyatō",
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[
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"しゅう"
],
[
"夜",
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[
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],
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{
"roman": "dentō",
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[
"電",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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],
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},
{
"roman": "denkitō",
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[
"電",
"でん"
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[
"気",
"き"
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[
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],
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],
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},
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{
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},
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
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]
],
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},
{
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}
],
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "tō messen to shite hikari o masu",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
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"めっ"
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[
"光",
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[
"増",
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],
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],
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{
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"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
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"light"
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[
"lamp",
"lamp"
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],
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}
],
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{
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{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
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],
"word": "灯"
}
{
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"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
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"一",
"いっ"
],
[
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],
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],
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],
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"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
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],
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},
{
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)"
],
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"電灯",
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[
"electric",
"electric#English"
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[
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],
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{
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],
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],
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{
"roman": "āku-tō",
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"灯",
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],
"word": "アーク灯"
}
],
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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],
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},
{
"form": "-tō",
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}
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{
"glosses": [
"electric light"
],
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"electric",
"electric"
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[
"light",
"light"
]
],
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]
}
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},
{
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}
],
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{
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{
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},
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{
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[
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]
],
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{
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{
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"ともし"
],
[
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"あぶら"
]
],
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],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around the 10th century.\nNominalization of 灯し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 灯す (tomosu, “to light”).",
"forms": [
{
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"ともし"
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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}
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},
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{
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
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}
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[
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[
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[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"night",
"night"
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[
"hunting",
"hunting"
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"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"other": "ともし"
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{
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],
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"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"derived": [
{
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[
"灯",
"ともしび"
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[
"消",
"き"
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[
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[
"増",
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],
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],
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{
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{
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},
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}
],
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],
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]
},
{
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}
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{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
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[
"地",
"ち"
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[
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[
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[
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"かがや"
],
[
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[
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],
"text": "地球はまわる君をかくして 輝く瞳きらめく灯…",
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}
],
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"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
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],
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"word": "明かり"
},
{
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},
{
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[
"flame",
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[
"candle",
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[
"torch",
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},
{
"categories": [
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[
"律令",
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[
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[
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[
"student",
"student"
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],
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"obsolete"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともしび"
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{
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{
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],
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}
{
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{
"roman": "toboshiabura",
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],
[
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],
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],
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"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"とぼし"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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"categories": [
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"an indoor torch"
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[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
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"(archaic) an indoor torch"
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},
{
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[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
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],
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"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
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]
}
],
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{
"other": "とぼし"
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{
"other": "とぼし"
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{
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"Pages with entries"
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"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 灯し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 灯す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
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"canonical"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"romanization"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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],
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{
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[
"placename",
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}
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{
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{
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],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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{
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},
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}
],
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},
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}
],
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{
"roman": "miakashi",
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"御",
"み"
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],
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],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
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],
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]
},
{
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}
],
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},
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{
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{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
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"roman": "yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku",
"ruby": [
[
"櫓",
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[
"太",
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[
"鼓",
"こ"
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[
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],
[
"揃",
"そろ"
],
[
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[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"text": "櫓太鼓の灯がゆれて 揃い浴衣の夏がゆく",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
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"light",
"light"
],
[
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"lamp"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"ja:Buddhism",
"ja:Shinto"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
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[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
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[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
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[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"buddha",
"buddha"
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],
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],
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}
],
"topics": [
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"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
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"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese nouns",
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"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
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"ruby": [
[
"灯",
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],
[
"涼",
"すず"
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],
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}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:",
"roman": "takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"懐",
"なつ"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"text": "...たくさんの灯が懐かしいのは あのどれかひとつに君がいるから",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"明かり"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 灯 meaning in Japanese (23.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Fourth grade kyōiku kanji",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "kanji",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.