See 灯 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"roman": "tōrō",
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[
"籠",
"ろう"
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{
"roman": "gentō",
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"げん"
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[
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},
{
"roman": "yatō",
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],
[
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]
],
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},
{
"roman": "chōchin",
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],
[
"灯",
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[
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[
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"roman": "hōzuki",
"ruby": [
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"word": "灯心"
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[
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"word": "灯油"
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},
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{
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{
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[
"消",
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"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
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"_dis": "0 2 0 13 0 0 1 19 11 1 13 16 6 5 1 12 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an indoor torch"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-ebs8LHEq",
"links": [
[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an indoor torch"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
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{
"extra": "tomoshi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-ud0dmPl0",
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[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-name-M1g9SmfF",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tobosu), “to light”, archaic",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "toboshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "灯"
},
"expansion": "とう",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"とぼしび"
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],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼしび"
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"extra": "tomoshibi",
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],
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
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[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
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],
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"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
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}
],
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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[
"御",
"み"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
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],
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],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akashi",
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"romanization"
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}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "あかし"
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
"ref": "1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto:",
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"ruby": [
[
"櫓",
"やぐら"
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[
"太",
"だい"
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[
"鼓",
"こ"
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[
"灯",
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],
[
"揃",
"そろ"
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[
"浴衣",
"ゆかた"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
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"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
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"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
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},
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"_dis": "0 2 0 13 0 0 1 19 11 1 13 16 6 5 1 12 1 2",
"kind": "other",
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"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-dDwg3mYd",
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
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[
"buddha",
"buddha"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
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[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"涼",
"すず"
]
],
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],
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{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
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"roman": "takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"懐",
"なつ"
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[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"id": "en-灯-ja-noun-9UwLho3I1",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese jōyō kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ちょう",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading とう",
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"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"roman": "tōka",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"火",
"か"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tōyu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
},
{
"roman": "tōrō",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"籠",
"ろう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "gentō",
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[
"幻",
"げん"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "yatō",
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[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "夜灯"
},
{
"roman": "chōchin",
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[
"提",
"ちょう"
],
[
"灯",
"ちん"
]
],
"word": "提灯"
},
{
"roman": "andon",
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[
"行",
"あん"
],
[
"灯",
"どん"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "hōzuki",
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[
"鬼灯",
"ホオズキ"
]
],
"word": "鬼灯"
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],
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{
"form": "燈",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
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{
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
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}
{
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"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
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"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"word": "灯心"
},
{
"roman": "tōshimi",
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},
{
"roman": "shūyatō",
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[
"終",
"しゅう"
],
[
"夜",
"や"
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[
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],
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},
{
"roman": "dentō",
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[
"電",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
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],
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},
{
"roman": "denkitō",
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[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"灯",
"とう"
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],
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ltc",
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},
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{
"args": {
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},
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
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]
},
{
"form": "tō",
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "tō messen to shite hikari o masu",
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[
"灯",
"とう"
],
[
"滅",
"めっ"
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[
"光",
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[
"増",
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],
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}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
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[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
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],
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"word": "明かり"
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]
}
],
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"other": "とー"
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{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
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],
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}
{
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{
"roman": "ittō",
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"一",
"いっ"
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],
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{
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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[
"灯",
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],
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"canonical"
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},
{
"form": "-tō",
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],
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"glosses": [
"counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)"
],
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"電灯",
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"electric",
"electric#English"
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{
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],
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"roman": "āku-tō",
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"灯",
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],
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],
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],
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{
"form": "灯",
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"灯",
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],
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"canonical"
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},
{
"form": "-tō",
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"glosses": [
"electric light"
],
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"electric",
"electric"
],
[
"light",
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
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],
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}
{
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"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "燈"
},
"expansion": "燈 (MC tong)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "とう"
},
"expansion": "灯(とう) • (tō)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Buddhist teaching"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"teaching",
"teaching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Buddhist teaching"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とー"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tomoshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around the 10th century.\nNominalization of 点し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu, “to light”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomoshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともし"
},
"expansion": "灯(ともし) • (tomoshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting",
"word": "照射"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting"
],
"links": [
[
"照射",
"照射#Japanese"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
],
[
"night",
"night"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"other": "ともし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tomoshibi kien to shite hikari o masu",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
],
[
"消",
"き"
],
[
"光",
"ひかり"
],
[
"増",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "灯消えんとして光を増す"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tomosu), “to light”",
"sort": "ともしひ",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "tomoshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi",
"sort": "ともしひ"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) + 火 (hi, “fire”).\nThe hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomoshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともしび"
},
"expansion": "灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:",
"roman": "Chikyū wa mawaru kimi o kakushite kagayaku hitomi kirameku tomoshibi…",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
],
[
"輝",
"かがや"
],
[
"瞳",
"ひとみ"
],
[
"灯",
"ともしび"
]
],
"text": "地球はまわる君をかくして 輝く瞳きらめく灯…",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
},
{
"word": "灯火"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch)"
],
"links": [
[
"lit",
"lit"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"candle",
"candle#English"
],
[
"torch",
"torch#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"links": [
[
"律令",
"律令#Japanese"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
],
[
"university",
"university"
],
[
"student",
"student"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"other": "ともしび"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞ɕibʲi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "toboshiabura",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "灯油"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (toboshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"an indoor torch"
],
"links": [
[
"indoor",
"indoor"
],
[
"torch",
"torch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an indoor torch"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toboshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "とぼし"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"other": "とぼし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bo̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "点し",
"3": "火",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">点す</i> (tobosu), “to light”, archaic",
"t2": "fire",
"tr1": "toboshi",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "灯"
},
"expansion": "とう",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nEquivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"とぼしび"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toboshibi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぼしび"
},
"expansion": "灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tomoshibi",
"word": "灯"
}
],
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"links": [
[
"灯",
"灯#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "miakashi",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"み"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"word": "御灯"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"あかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "あかし"
},
"expansion": "灯(あかし) • (akashi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.",
"ref": "1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto:",
"roman": "yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku",
"ruby": [
[
"櫓",
"やぐら"
],
[
"太",
"だい"
],
[
"鼓",
"こ"
],
[
"灯",
"あかし"
],
[
"揃",
"そろ"
],
[
"浴衣",
"ゆかた"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"text": "櫓太鼓の灯がゆれて 揃い浴衣の夏がゆく",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism",
"ja:Shinto"
],
"glosses": [
"a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"links": [
[
"Shinto",
"Shinto"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"lighted",
"lighted#English"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp#English"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"buddha",
"buddha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"Shinto",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "灯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 灯",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "coolness of twinkling lights",
"roman": "hisuzushi",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"涼",
"すず"
]
],
"word": "灯涼し"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "灯",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひ"
},
"expansion": "灯(ひ) • (hi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.",
"ref": "1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:",
"roman": "takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara",
"ruby": [
[
"灯",
"ひ"
],
[
"懐",
"なつ"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"text": "...たくさんの灯が懐かしいのは あのどれかひとつに君がいるから",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a light, lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "明かり"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi]"
}
],
"word": "灯"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 灯 meaning in Japanese (23.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Fourth grade kyōiku kanji",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "kanji",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"灯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "灯",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.