See 普通 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 普通 meaning in All languages combined (24.5kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "qítè",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "奇特"
},
{
"roman": "tèbié",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特別"
},
{
"roman": "tèbié",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特别"
},
{
"roman": "tèshū",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特殊"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔwài",
"word": "普外"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔgōng",
"word": "普工"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔpǔtōngtōng",
"word": "普普通通"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōngrén",
"word": "普通人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通利息"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng míngcí",
"word": "普通名詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng míngcí",
"word": "普通名词"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通地圖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通地图"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng wàikē",
"word": "普通外科"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng gǎnmào",
"word": "普通感冒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng jiàoyù",
"word": "普通教育"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōngfǎ",
"word": "普通法"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通病房"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通考試"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通考试"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通股"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通護照"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通护照"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通車"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通车"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通選舉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普通选举"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng yóupiào",
"word": "普通郵票"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng yóupiào",
"word": "普通邮票"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng yīshī",
"word": "普通醫師"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōng yīshī",
"word": "普通医师"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普%通",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "보통(普通)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "普通",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổ thông",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "普通"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"3": "보통",
"4": "phổ thông",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "普通",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "普通",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "普%通",
"v": "普通",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"3": "보통",
"4": "phổ thông",
"j": "普%通"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ordinary employee; general staff",
"roman": "pǔtōng yuángōng",
"text": "普通員工／普通员工",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She and I are really just friends.",
"ref": "我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's clearly so ordinary, and yet so confident.",
"ref": "他明明那麼普通卻又那麼自信。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他明明那么普通却又那么自信。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā míngmíng nàme pǔtōng què yòu nàme zìxìn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ordinary; plain; average; nothing special; general"
],
"id": "en-普通-zh-adj-jtIxAXCU",
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"average",
"average"
],
[
"nothing special",
"nothing special"
],
[
"general",
"general"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common; universal; widespread"
],
"id": "en-普通-zh-adj-PdcUnPPz",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"universal",
"universal"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "puō-tŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tong¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻu³-tʻung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔ-tūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "puutong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "путун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "putun"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "póu tūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu´ tung´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "puō-tŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰuo³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "phóu thong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "phu^去 thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰuo³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yībān",
"word": "一般"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "i6 ban1 zr",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "一般子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fányōng",
"word": "凡庸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xúncháng",
"word": "尋常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xúncháng",
"word": "寻常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chiefly in the negative",
"word": "對頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chiefly in the negative",
"word": "对头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngfán",
"word": "平凡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngcháng",
"word": "平常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngyōng",
"word": "平庸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngbǎn",
"word": "平板"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngdàn",
"word": "平淡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhèngcháng",
"word": "正常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fànfàn",
"word": "泛泛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎndān",
"word": "簡單"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎndān",
"word": "简单"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tōngcháng",
"word": "通常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gòngtōng",
"word": "共通"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "廣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "广"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guǎngfàn",
"word": "廣泛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guǎngfàn",
"word": "广泛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "普遍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fànlàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "泛濫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fànlàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "泛滥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "liúxíng",
"word": "流行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "遍"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通",
"lit": "ordinary + through",
"tr": "pʰuo^X thuwng"
},
"expansion": "普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/putuː/ → /fut͡suː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”). Compare modern Hakka phû-thûng, Cantonese pou² tung¹, Mandarin pǔtōng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "普通な",
"roman": "futsū na",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "普通に",
"roman": "futsū ni",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "普通で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "普通なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "普通であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "普通なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "普通に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "普通さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "futsūsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) • (futsū) -na (adnominal 普(ふ)通(つう)な (futsū na), adverbial 普(ふ)通(つう)に (futsū ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ふつう",
"lemma": "普通",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common, ordinary"
],
"id": "en-普通-ja-adj-jIT0dNEE",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 91 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 89 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 90 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 90 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 89 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 89 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "just delicious",
"roman": "futsū ni oishī",
"ruby": [
[
"普通",
"ふつう"
],
[
"美味",
"おい"
]
],
"text": "普通に美味しい"
},
{
"english": "plain gross",
"roman": "futsū ni kimoi",
"ruby": [
[
"普通",
"ふつう"
]
],
"text": "普通にきもい"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used when straightforwardly describing one's opinion."
],
"id": "en-普通-ja-adj-~vdeMlQa",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, in the adverbial form 普通に) Used when straightforwardly describing one's opinion."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the adverbial form 普通に"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふつう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝː]"
},
{
"homophone": "不通"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通",
"lit": "ordinary + through",
"tr": "pʰuo^X thuwng"
},
"expansion": "普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/putuː/ → /fut͡suː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”). Compare modern Hakka phû-thûng, Cantonese pou² tung¹, Mandarin pǔtōng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) • (futsū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the common, the ordinary, nothing special"
],
"id": "en-普通-ja-noun-tFP1MapW",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"nothing special",
"nothing special"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "mediocrity, ordinary ability",
"roman": "bonsai",
"ruby": [
[
"凡才",
"ぼんさい"
]
],
"word": "凡才"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふつう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝː]"
},
{
"homophone": "不通"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "botong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "보통",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "보통"
},
"expansion": "普通 • (botong) (hangeul 보통)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "normality; usually",
"word": "보통"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 보통 (“normality; usually”)."
],
"id": "en-普通-ko-noun-jfI5Tg5G",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"보통",
"보통#Korean"
],
[
"normality",
"normality"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phổ thông (“common, ordinary”)."
],
"id": "en-普通-vi-adj-VdIT61jM",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phổ thông",
"phổ thông#Vietnamese"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
]
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "qítè",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "奇特"
},
{
"roman": "tèbié",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特別"
},
{
"roman": "tèbié",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特别"
},
{
"roman": "tèshū",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “ordinary”",
"word": "特殊"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Elementary Mandarin"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "pǔwài",
"word": "普外"
},
{
"roman": "pǔgōng",
"word": "普工"
},
{
"roman": "pǔpǔtōngtōng",
"word": "普普通通"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōngrén",
"word": "普通人"
},
{
"word": "普通利息"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通化"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng míngcí",
"word": "普通名詞"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng míngcí",
"word": "普通名词"
},
{
"word": "普通地圖"
},
{
"word": "普通地图"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng wàikē",
"word": "普通外科"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng gǎnmào",
"word": "普通感冒"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng jiàoyù",
"word": "普通教育"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōngfǎ",
"word": "普通法"
},
{
"word": "普通病房"
},
{
"word": "普通考試"
},
{
"word": "普通考试"
},
{
"word": "普通股"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"word": "普通護照"
},
{
"word": "普通护照"
},
{
"word": "普通車"
},
{
"word": "普通车"
},
{
"word": "普通選舉"
},
{
"word": "普通选举"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng yóupiào",
"word": "普通郵票"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng yóupiào",
"word": "普通邮票"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng yīshī",
"word": "普通醫師"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōng yīshī",
"word": "普通医师"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普%通",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "보통(普通)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "普通",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổ thông",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "普通"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"3": "보통",
"4": "phổ thông",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "普通",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "普通",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "普%通",
"v": "普通",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ふ%つう",
"3": "보통",
"4": "phổ thông",
"j": "普%通"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (普通):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)\n* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ordinary employee; general staff",
"roman": "pǔtōng yuángōng",
"text": "普通員工／普通员工",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She and I are really just friends.",
"ref": "我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's clearly so ordinary, and yet so confident.",
"ref": "他明明那麼普通卻又那麼自信。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他明明那么普通却又那么自信。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā míngmíng nàme pǔtōng què yòu nàme zìxìn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ordinary; plain; average; nothing special; general"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"average",
"average"
],
[
"nothing special",
"nothing special"
],
[
"general",
"general"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common; universal; widespread"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"universal",
"universal"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "puō-tŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tong¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻu³-tʻung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔ-tūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "puutong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "путун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "putun"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "póu tūng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu´ tung´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "puō-tŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰuo³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "phóu thong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "phu^去 thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²phu-thon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰuo³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yībān",
"word": "一般"
},
{
"roman": "i6 ban1 zr",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "一般子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "俗"
},
{
"roman": "fányōng",
"word": "凡庸"
},
{
"roman": "xúncháng",
"word": "尋常"
},
{
"roman": "xúncháng",
"word": "寻常"
},
{
"english": "chiefly in the negative",
"word": "對頭"
},
{
"english": "chiefly in the negative",
"word": "对头"
},
{
"roman": "píngfán",
"word": "平凡"
},
{
"roman": "píngcháng",
"word": "平常"
},
{
"roman": "píngyōng",
"word": "平庸"
},
{
"roman": "píngbǎn",
"word": "平板"
},
{
"roman": "píngdàn",
"word": "平淡"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngcháng",
"word": "正常"
},
{
"roman": "fànfàn",
"word": "泛泛"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎndān",
"word": "簡單"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎndān",
"word": "简单"
},
{
"roman": "tōngcháng",
"word": "通常"
},
{
"roman": "gòngtōng",
"word": "共通"
},
{
"word": "廣"
},
{
"word": "广"
},
{
"roman": "guǎngfàn",
"word": "廣泛"
},
{
"roman": "guǎngfàn",
"word": "广泛"
},
{
"word": "普遍"
},
{
"roman": "fànlàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "泛濫"
},
{
"roman": "fànlàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "泛滥"
},
{
"roman": "liúxíng",
"word": "流行"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "遍"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with homophones",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通",
"lit": "ordinary + through",
"tr": "pʰuo^X thuwng"
},
"expansion": "普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/putuː/ → /fut͡suː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”). Compare modern Hakka phû-thûng, Cantonese pou² tung¹, Mandarin pǔtōng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "普通な",
"roman": "futsū na",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "普通に",
"roman": "futsū ni",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "普通で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "普通なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "普通であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "普通でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "普通なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "普通だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "普通に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "普通さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふつうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "futsūsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) • (futsū) -na (adnominal 普(ふ)通(つう)な (futsū na), adverbial 普(ふ)通(つう)に (futsū ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ふつう",
"lemma": "普通",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common, ordinary"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese informal terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "just delicious",
"roman": "futsū ni oishī",
"ruby": [
[
"普通",
"ふつう"
],
[
"美味",
"おい"
]
],
"text": "普通に美味しい"
},
{
"english": "plain gross",
"roman": "futsū ni kimoi",
"ruby": [
[
"普通",
"ふつう"
]
],
"text": "普通にきもい"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used when straightforwardly describing one's opinion."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, in the adverbial form 普通に) Used when straightforwardly describing one's opinion."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the adverbial form 普通に"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふつう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝː]"
},
{
"homophone": "不通"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with homophones",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通",
"lit": "ordinary + through",
"tr": "pʰuo^X thuwng"
},
"expansion": "普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/putuː/ → /fut͡suː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 普通 (pʰuo^X thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”). Compare modern Hakka phû-thûng, Cantonese pou² tung¹, Mandarin pǔtōng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつう"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう) • (futsū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "mediocrity, ordinary ability",
"roman": "bonsai",
"ruby": [
[
"凡才",
"ぼんさい"
]
],
"word": "凡才"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the common, the ordinary, nothing special"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"nothing special",
"nothing special"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふつう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝː]"
},
{
"homophone": "不通"
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "botong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "보통",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "보통"
},
"expansion": "普通 • (botong) (hangeul 보통)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "normality; usually",
"word": "보통"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 보통 (“normality; usually”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"보통",
"보통#Korean"
],
[
"normality",
"normality"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phổ thông (“common, ordinary”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phổ thông",
"phổ thông#Vietnamese"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
]
}
],
"word": "普通"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"普通"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "普通",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.