See 普通話 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 普通話 meaning in All languages combined (22.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "彎管子普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "弯管子普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà Shuǐpíng Cèshì",
"word": "普通話水平測試"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà Shuǐpíng Cèshì",
"word": "普通话水平测试"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "椒鹽普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "椒盐普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "靈橋牌普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "灵桥牌普通话"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通話"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普%通%話",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "보통화(普通話)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "普通話",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổ thông thoại",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "普通話"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通話",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"3": "보통화",
"4": "phổ thông thoại",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "普通話",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "普通話",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "普%通%話",
"v": "普通話",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"3": "보통화",
"4": "phổ thông thoại",
"j": "普%通%話"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "p'u-t'ung-hua",
"3": "Putonghua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: p'u-t'ung-hua, Putonghua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: p'u-t'ung-hua, Putonghua"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Guanhua, a group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua",
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官話／官话, 北方話／北方话"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nánpǔ",
"word": "南普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "地普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dìguāqiāng",
"word": "地瓜腔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sùpǔ",
"word": "塑普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāzhuàng",
"word": "夾壯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāzhuàng",
"word": "夹壮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Chuānpǔ",
"word": "川普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guǎngpǔ",
"word": "廣普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guǎngpǔ",
"word": "广普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "彎管子普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "弯管子普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "椒鹽普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "椒盐普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gǎngpǔ",
"word": "港普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "滬普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "沪普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "潮普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "煲冬瓜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnpǔ",
"word": "閩普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnpǔ",
"word": "闽普"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "靈橋牌普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "灵桥牌普通话"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Hànyǔ",
"word": "漢語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Hànyǔ",
"word": "汉语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese",
"orig": "zh:Chinese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the rules of this scheme are created with Shanghai's common speech (=Shanghainese) as the standard",
"ref": "1936, 胡繩, 江南話新文字概論, page 41",
"text": "方案的規定，是拿上海普通話做標準的 [MSC, trad.]\n方案的规定，是拿上海普通话做标准的 [MSC, simp.]\nfāng'àn de guīdìng, shì ná shànghǎi pǔtōnghuà zuò biāozhǔn de [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common language"
],
"id": "en-普通話-zh-noun-ldl6yqIz",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hong Kong Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mainland China Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 52 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese",
"orig": "zh:Chinese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "標準的普通話／标准的普通话 ― biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà ― standard Mandarin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Can you speak Mandarin?",
"ref": "你會說普通話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你会说普通话吗？ [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ huì shuō pǔtōnghuà ma? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.",
"ref": "他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Popularize the \"common speech\"; gradually begin using the phonetic alphabet.",
"ref": "推廣「普通話」；逐步採用拼音文字。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "推广「普通话」；逐步采用拼音文字。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1957 July, Chou You-Kuang \"Chinese gets a Latin alphabet\" in The UNESCO Courier p. 19\nTuīguǎng “pǔtōnghuà”; zhúbù cǎiyòng pīnyīn wénzì. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Standard Mandarin Chinese; standard Chinese"
],
"id": "en-普通話-zh-noun-qG8cVDmJ",
"links": [
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Mainland China, recently in Hong Kong) Standard Mandarin Chinese; standard Chinese"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"recently"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese",
"orig": "zh:Chinese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(usually in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)) mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua",
"mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua"
],
"id": "en-普通話-zh-noun-hwC~h1Cr",
"links": [
[
"國語",
"國語#Chinese"
],
[
"国语",
"国语#Chinese"
],
[
"mainland Chinese",
"mainland Chinese"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)) mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "pu³ tong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹ va^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "5*"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pū-tŭng-uâ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong-ōe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong-ōa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phú-thong-goee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tong¹ uê⁷"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon-gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtonghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻu³-tʻung¹-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔ-tūng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "puutonghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "путунхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "putunxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "putungxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ xua²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "póu tūng wá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ wa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹ va^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "5*"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³ va³²⁻³²⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu´ tung´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "pū-tŭng-uâ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋuɑ²⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong-uē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftong'oe"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³ ue⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong-uā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftong'oa"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phú-thong-guee"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹ tʰoŋ³³⁴ ɡuɛ³³⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "phóu thong uē"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon-gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "phu^去 thon gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²phu-thon-hho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ phó͘-thong-ōa /"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ xua²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³ va³²⁻³²⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋuɑ²⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³ ue⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹ tʰoŋ³³⁴ ɡuɛ³³⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "中文"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "華文"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華文"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "普語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Macau"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "華文"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jinjiang"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "國語 GT"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "國語話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (not particular region identified)"
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつうわ"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通話",
"lit": "common speech",
"tr": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
"expansion": "普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通話",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsūwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつうわ"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) • (futsūwa)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Chinese",
"orig": "ja:Chinese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Putonghua; Standard Mandarin"
],
"id": "en-普通話-ja-noun-ncDN8WXW",
"links": [
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
],
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, scholarly) Putonghua; Standard Mandarin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Pekingese",
"roman": "pekingo",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"english": "Chinese",
"roman": "chūgokugo",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "中国語"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"scholarly",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:普通話"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝːɰᵝa̠]"
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "botonghwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "보통화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "보통화"
},
"expansion": "普通話 • (botonghwa) (hangeul 보통화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Mandarin, Putonghua",
"word": "보통화"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 보통화 (“Mandarin, Putonghua”)."
],
"id": "en-普通話-ko-noun-roSdnnG~",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"보통화",
"보통화#Korean"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phổ thông thoại (“Mandarin, Putonghua”)."
],
"id": "en-普通話-vi-noun-68Fw7sNL",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phổ thông thoại",
"phổ thông thoại#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
]
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"zh:Chinese"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通話"
},
{
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通话"
},
{
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "彎管子普通話"
},
{
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "弯管子普通话"
},
{
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà Shuǐpíng Cèshì",
"word": "普通話水平測試"
},
{
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà Shuǐpíng Cèshì",
"word": "普通话水平测试"
},
{
"word": "椒鹽普通話"
},
{
"word": "椒盐普通话"
},
{
"word": "靈橋牌普通話"
},
{
"word": "灵桥牌普通话"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "普通話"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普%通%話",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "보통화(普通話)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "普通話",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổ thông thoại",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "普通話"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通話",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"3": "보통화",
"4": "phổ thông thoại",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "普通話",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "普通話",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "普%通%話",
"v": "普通話",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ふ%つう%わ",
"3": "보통화",
"4": "phổ thông thoại",
"j": "普%通%話"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (普通話):\n* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) (futsūwa)\n* → Korean: 보통화(普通話) (botonghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: phổ thông thoại (普通話)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "p'u-t'ung-hua",
"3": "Putonghua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: p'u-t'ung-hua, Putonghua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: p'u-t'ung-hua, Putonghua"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "Guanhua, a group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua",
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官話／官话, 北方話／北方话"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"roman": "nánpǔ",
"word": "南普"
},
{
"word": "地普"
},
{
"roman": "dìguāqiāng",
"word": "地瓜腔"
},
{
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通話"
},
{
"roman": "sùliào pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "塑料普通话"
},
{
"roman": "sùpǔ",
"word": "塑普"
},
{
"roman": "jiāzhuàng",
"word": "夾壯"
},
{
"roman": "jiāzhuàng",
"word": "夹壮"
},
{
"roman": "Chuānpǔ",
"word": "川普"
},
{
"roman": "guǎngpǔ",
"word": "廣普"
},
{
"roman": "guǎngpǔ",
"word": "广普"
},
{
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "彎管子普通話"
},
{
"roman": "wānguǎnzi pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "弯管子普通话"
},
{
"word": "椒鹽普通話"
},
{
"word": "椒盐普通话"
},
{
"roman": "gǎngpǔ",
"word": "港普"
},
{
"word": "滬普"
},
{
"word": "沪普"
},
{
"word": "潮普"
},
{
"word": "煲冬瓜"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnpǔ",
"word": "閩普"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnpǔ",
"word": "闽普"
},
{
"word": "靈橋牌普通話"
},
{
"word": "灵桥牌普通话"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ",
"word": "漢語"
},
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ",
"word": "汉语"
},
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"roman": "guānhuà",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the rules of this scheme are created with Shanghai's common speech (=Shanghainese) as the standard",
"ref": "1936, 胡繩, 江南話新文字概論, page 41",
"text": "方案的規定，是拿上海普通話做標準的 [MSC, trad.]\n方案的规定，是拿上海普通话做标准的 [MSC, simp.]\nfāng'àn de guīdìng, shì ná shànghǎi pǔtōnghuà zuò biāozhǔn de [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common language"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hong Kong Chinese",
"Mainland China Chinese",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "標準的普通話／标准的普通话 ― biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà ― standard Mandarin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Can you speak Mandarin?",
"ref": "你會說普通話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你会说普通话吗？ [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ huì shuō pǔtōnghuà ma? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.",
"ref": "他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Popularize the \"common speech\"; gradually begin using the phonetic alphabet.",
"ref": "推廣「普通話」；逐步採用拼音文字。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "推广「普通话」；逐步采用拼音文字。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1957 July, Chou You-Kuang \"Chinese gets a Latin alphabet\" in The UNESCO Courier p. 19\nTuīguǎng “pǔtōnghuà”; zhúbù cǎiyòng pīnyīn wénzì. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Standard Mandarin Chinese; standard Chinese"
],
"links": [
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Mainland China, recently in Hong Kong) Standard Mandarin Chinese; standard Chinese"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"recently"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(usually in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)) mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua",
"mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua"
],
"links": [
[
"國語",
"國語#Chinese"
],
[
"国语",
"国语#Chinese"
],
[
"mainland Chinese",
"mainland Chinese"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)) mainland Chinese Mandarin; Putonghua"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in contrast with 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Taiwanese Mandarin”)"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "pu³ tong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹ va^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "5*"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pū-tŭng-uâ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong-ōe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phó͘-thong-ōa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "phú-thong-goee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tong¹ uê⁷"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon-gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔtonghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻu³-tʻung¹-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pǔ-tūng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "puutonghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "путунхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "putunxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "putungxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ xua²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "póu tūng wá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pou² tung¹ wa⁶⁻²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "pu² huung¹ va^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "5*"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³ va³²⁻³²⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phû-thûng-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu´ tung´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pu¹ tung¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "pū-tŭng-uâ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋuɑ²⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong-uē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftong'oe"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³ ue⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phóo-thong-uā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoftong'oa"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "phú-thong-guee"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹ tʰoŋ³³⁴ ɡuɛ³³⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "phóu thong uē"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵phu-thon-gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "phu^去 thon gho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²phu-thon-hho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ phó͘-thong-ōa /"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ xua²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³ va³²⁻³²⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))luŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋuɑ²⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³ ue⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ua²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu²¹ tʰoŋ³³⁴ ɡuɛ³³⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "中文"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "華文"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華文"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "普語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Macau"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"word": "華文"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "國語 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jinjiang"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "國語 GT"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "國語話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "唐儂話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "普通閒話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "GT - General Taiwanese (not particular region identified)"
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ふつうわ"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "普通話",
"lit": "common speech",
"tr": "pǔtōnghuà"
},
"expansion": "普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "普通話",
"ruby": [
[
"普",
"ふ"
],
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "futsūwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふつうわ"
},
"expansion": "普(ふ)通(つう)話(わ) • (futsūwa)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with uncommon senses",
"Japanese terms written with three Han script characters",
"ja:Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"Putonghua; Standard Mandarin"
],
"links": [
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
],
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, scholarly) Putonghua; Standard Mandarin"
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"scholarly",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:普通話"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝːɰᵝa̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Pekingese",
"roman": "pekingo",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"english": "Chinese",
"roman": "chūgokugo",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "中国語"
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "botonghwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "보통화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "보통화"
},
"expansion": "普通話 • (botonghwa) (hangeul 보통화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Mandarin, Putonghua",
"word": "보통화"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 보통화 (“Mandarin, Putonghua”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"보통화",
"보통화#Korean"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "普通話",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phổ thông thoại (“Mandarin, Putonghua”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phổ thông thoại",
"phổ thông thoại#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
]
]
}
],
"word": "普通話"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Longyan'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"普通話"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "普通話",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.