See 漢語 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 漢語 meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese",
"orig": "zh:Chinese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "zh:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shànggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "上古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "shànggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "上古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "中古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "中古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "gǔdài hànyǔ",
"word": "古代漢語"
},
{
"roman": "gǔdài hànyǔ",
"word": "古代汉语"
},
{
"roman": "gǔhànyǔ",
"word": "古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "gǔhànyǔ",
"word": "古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "duìwài hànyǔ",
"word": "對外漢語"
},
{
"roman": "duìwài hànyǔ",
"word": "对外汉语"
},
{
"roman": "hànyǔ pīnyīn",
"word": "漢語拼音"
},
{
"roman": "hànyǔ pīnyīn",
"word": "汉语拼音"
},
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì",
"word": "漢語水平考試"
},
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì",
"word": "汉语水平考试"
},
{
"roman": "Hànbàn",
"word": "漢辦"
},
{
"roman": "Hànbàn",
"word": "汉办"
},
{
"roman": "xiàndài hànyǔ",
"word": "現代漢語"
},
{
"roman": "xiàndài hànyǔ",
"word": "现代汉语"
},
{
"roman": "húyánhànyǔ",
"word": "胡言漢語"
},
{
"roman": "húyánhànyǔ",
"word": "胡言汉语"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to speak terrible Chinese",
"roman": "shuō biéjiǎo hànyǔ",
"text": "說蹩腳漢語／说蹩脚汉语",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "teaching of Chinese by immersion",
"roman": "chénjìnshì hànyǔ jiàoxué",
"text": "沉浸式漢語教學／沉浸式汉语教学",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the role of tone in Chinese syllable perception",
"ref": "聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "声调在汉语音节感知中的作用 [MSC, simp.]\nshēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Can you speak Chinese?",
"roman": "Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma?",
"text": "你會說漢語嗎？／你会说汉语吗？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She can speak both English and Chinese.",
"ref": "她既會說英語又會說漢語。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "她既会说英语又会说汉语。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā jì huì shuō yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō hànyǔ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.",
"ref": "學習漢語發音一定要分清楚調類。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "学习汉语发音一定要分清楚调类。 [MSC, simp.]\nXuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ diàolèi. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chinese language (usually spoken Chinese)"
],
"id": "en-漢語-zh-noun-cY84-LiI",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
},
{
"roman": "Hànwén",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"literary"
],
"word": "漢文"
},
{
"roman": "Hànwén",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"literary"
],
"word": "汉文"
},
{
"roman": "Huáwén",
"word": "華文"
},
{
"roman": "Huáwén",
"word": "华文"
},
{
"roman": "huáyǔwén",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"literary"
],
"word": "華語文"
},
{
"roman": "huáyǔwén",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"literary"
],
"word": "华语文"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ханйү"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hanyü"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "III-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jyu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hon¹ ngui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hon-ngî"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Háng-ngṳ̄"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵hoe-gniu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Han⁴-yü³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-yǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hannyeu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Ханьюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Xanʹjuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "han⁴-yü³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hàn-yǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hannyeu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ханьюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xanʹjuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jyu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hon yúh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jy⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ yu⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hon¹ ngui⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hon-ngî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon ngi´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ ngi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Háng-ngṳ̄"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "harn'gie"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"ipa": "/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "harn'guo"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵hoe-gniu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "hoe^去 nyu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²hoe-nyy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ Hàn-gír /"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんご"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "漢語",
"2": "Han, Chinese + speech, language",
"id": "1,1"
},
"expansion": "漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "漢語",
"ruby": [
[
"漢",
"かん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kango",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんご"
},
"expansion": "漢(かん)語(ご) • (kango)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "on'yomi",
"ruby": [
[
"音",
"おん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "音読み"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "和語"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 34 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 39 41",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ja:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 42 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "ja:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)"
],
"id": "en-漢語-ja-noun-9cOWOYtA",
"links": [
[
"kango",
"kango"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 43 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 34 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 39 41",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ja:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 42 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "ja:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chinese language"
],
"id": "en-漢語-ja-noun-PYa-IliX",
"raw_glosses": [
"(less commonly) the Chinese language"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "中国語"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 34 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 39 41",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ja:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 42 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "ja:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢／汉 (hàn)) ethnicity"
],
"id": "en-漢語-ja-noun-Y2ynPuj2",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"Han",
"Han"
],
[
"漢",
"漢#Chinese"
],
[
"汉",
"汉#Chinese"
],
[
"ethnicity",
"ethnicity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんご"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ŋɡo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Sino-Japanese vocabulary",
"ja:漢語"
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "haneo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "한어",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "한어"
},
"expansion": "漢語 • (haneo) (hangeul 한어)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Chinese language",
"word": "한어"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 한어 (“Chinese language”)."
],
"id": "en-漢語-ko-noun-zlUnIsr9",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"한어",
"한어#Korean"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Hán ngữ (“Chinese language”)."
],
"id": "en-漢語-vi-noun-~KalHVOD",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Hán ngữ",
"Hán ngữ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shànggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "上古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "shànggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "上古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "中古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ hànyǔ",
"word": "中古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "gǔdài hànyǔ",
"word": "古代漢語"
},
{
"roman": "gǔdài hànyǔ",
"word": "古代汉语"
},
{
"roman": "gǔhànyǔ",
"word": "古漢語"
},
{
"roman": "gǔhànyǔ",
"word": "古汉语"
},
{
"roman": "duìwài hànyǔ",
"word": "對外漢語"
},
{
"roman": "duìwài hànyǔ",
"word": "对外汉语"
},
{
"roman": "hànyǔ pīnyīn",
"word": "漢語拼音"
},
{
"roman": "hànyǔ pīnyīn",
"word": "汉语拼音"
},
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì",
"word": "漢語水平考試"
},
{
"roman": "Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì",
"word": "汉语水平考试"
},
{
"roman": "Hànbàn",
"word": "漢辦"
},
{
"roman": "Hànbàn",
"word": "汉办"
},
{
"roman": "xiàndài hànyǔ",
"word": "現代漢語"
},
{
"roman": "xiàndài hànyǔ",
"word": "现代汉语"
},
{
"roman": "húyánhànyǔ",
"word": "胡言漢語"
},
{
"roman": "húyánhànyǔ",
"word": "胡言汉语"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"roman": "guóyǔ",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōnghuà",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dungan lemmas",
"Dungan nouns",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Taishanese lemmas",
"Taishanese nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns",
"zh:Chinese",
"zh:Languages"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to speak terrible Chinese",
"roman": "shuō biéjiǎo hànyǔ",
"text": "說蹩腳漢語／说蹩脚汉语",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "teaching of Chinese by immersion",
"roman": "chénjìnshì hànyǔ jiàoxué",
"text": "沉浸式漢語教學／沉浸式汉语教学",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the role of tone in Chinese syllable perception",
"ref": "聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "声调在汉语音节感知中的作用 [MSC, simp.]\nshēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Can you speak Chinese?",
"roman": "Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma?",
"text": "你會說漢語嗎？／你会说汉语吗？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She can speak both English and Chinese.",
"ref": "她既會說英語又會說漢語。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "她既会说英语又会说汉语。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā jì huì shuō yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō hànyǔ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.",
"ref": "學習漢語發音一定要分清楚調類。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "学习汉语发音一定要分清楚调类。 [MSC, simp.]\nXuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ diàolèi. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chinese language (usually spoken Chinese)"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ханйү"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hanyü"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "III-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jyu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hon¹ ngui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hon-ngî"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Háng-ngṳ̄"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵hoe-gniu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Han⁴-yü³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-yǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Hannyeu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Ханьюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Xanʹjuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hànyǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "han⁴-yü³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hàn-yǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hannyeu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ханьюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xanʹjuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jyu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hon yúh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ jy⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hon³ yu⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "hon¹ ngui⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hon-ngî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon ngi´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ ngi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Háng-ngṳ̄"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "harn'gie"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gír"
},
{
"ipa": "/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hàn-gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "harn'guo"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵hoe-gniu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "hoe^去 nyu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²hoe-nyy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ Hàn-gír /"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngwén",
"word": "中文"
},
{
"roman": "Hànwén",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"literary"
],
"word": "漢文"
},
{
"roman": "Hànwén",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"literary"
],
"word": "汉文"
},
{
"roman": "Huáwén",
"word": "華文"
},
{
"roman": "Huáwén",
"word": "华文"
},
{
"roman": "huáyǔwén",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"literary"
],
"word": "華語文"
},
{
"roman": "huáyǔwén",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"literary"
],
"word": "华语文"
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese autological terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar",
"ja:Linguistics"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんご"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "漢語",
"2": "Han, Chinese + speech, language",
"id": "1,1"
},
"expansion": "漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "漢語",
"ruby": [
[
"漢",
"かん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kango",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんご"
},
"expansion": "漢(かん)語(ご) • (kango)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "on'yomi",
"ruby": [
[
"音",
"おん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "音読み"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "和語"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)"
],
"links": [
[
"kango",
"kango"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the Chinese language"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(less commonly) the Chinese language"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "中国語"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢／汉 (hàn)) ethnicity"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"Han",
"Han"
],
[
"漢",
"漢#Chinese"
],
[
"汉",
"汉#Chinese"
],
[
"ethnicity",
"ethnicity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんご"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ŋɡo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Sino-Japanese vocabulary",
"ja:漢語"
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "haneo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "한어",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "한어"
},
"expansion": "漢語 • (haneo) (hangeul 한어)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Chinese language",
"word": "한어"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 한어 (“Chinese language”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"한어",
"한어#Korean"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "漢語",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Hán ngữ (“Chinese language”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Hán ngữ",
"Hán ngữ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "漢語"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"漢語"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "漢語",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.