See 憂鬱 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 憂鬱 meaning in All languages combined (25.0kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad; depressed; melancholic; dejected"
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-zh-adj-xeDWeeLb",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"melancholic",
"melancholic"
],
[
"dejected",
"dejected"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dīchén",
"word": "低沉"
},
{
"roman": "dīluò",
"word": "低落"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷館"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷馆"
},
{
"word": "喪氣"
},
{
"word": "丧气"
},
{
"roman": "yāyì",
"word": "壓抑"
},
{
"roman": "yāyì",
"word": "压抑"
},
{
"roman": "shīwàng",
"word": "失望"
},
{
"roman": "shīluò",
"word": "失落"
},
{
"roman": "guǎhuān",
"word": "寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "guǎhuān",
"word": "寡欢"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "幽鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "幽郁"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悒鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悒郁"
},
{
"roman": "yìyùguǎhuān",
"word": "悒鬱寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "yìyùguǎhuān",
"word": "悒郁寡欢"
},
{
"roman": "chóumèn",
"word": "愁悶"
},
{
"roman": "chóumèn",
"word": "愁闷"
},
{
"roman": "yōumèn",
"word": "憂悶"
},
{
"roman": "yōumèn",
"word": "忧闷"
},
{
"roman": "cǎnjǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "慘沮"
},
{
"roman": "cǎnjǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "惨沮"
},
{
"word": "憋悶"
},
{
"word": "憋闷"
},
{
"roman": "àosàng",
"word": "懊喪"
},
{
"roman": "àosàng",
"word": "懊丧"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"word": "抑鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"word": "抑郁"
},
{
"roman": "chénmèn",
"word": "沉悶"
},
{
"roman": "chénmèn",
"word": "沉闷"
},
{
"roman": "chényù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沉鬱"
},
{
"roman": "chényù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沉郁"
},
{
"roman": "jǔsàng",
"word": "沮喪"
},
{
"roman": "jǔsàng",
"word": "沮丧"
},
{
"roman": "xiāojí",
"word": "消極"
},
{
"roman": "xiāojí",
"word": "消极"
},
{
"roman": "xiāochén",
"word": "消沉"
},
{
"roman": "huī",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "灰"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīn",
"word": "灰心"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīnsàngqì",
"word": "灰心喪氣"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīnsàngqì",
"word": "灰心丧气"
},
{
"roman": "fánmèn",
"word": "煩悶"
},
{
"roman": "fánmèn",
"word": "烦闷"
},
{
"roman": "shénshāng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神傷"
},
{
"roman": "shénshāng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神伤"
},
{
"english": "literary or Eastern Min",
"roman": "suǒmò",
"word": "索寞"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦悶"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦闷"
},
{
"word": "萎靡"
},
{
"roman": "yīn'àn",
"word": "陰暗"
},
{
"roman": "yīn'àn",
"word": "阴暗"
},
{
"roman": "yīnchén",
"word": "陰沉"
},
{
"roman": "yīnchén",
"word": "阴沉"
},
{
"roman": "tuítáng",
"word": "頹唐"
},
{
"roman": "tuítáng",
"word": "颓唐"
},
{
"roman": "tuísàng",
"word": "頹喪"
},
{
"roman": "tuísàng",
"word": "颓丧"
},
{
"roman": "tuífèi",
"word": "頹廢"
},
{
"roman": "tuífèi",
"word": "颓废"
},
{
"roman": "yùmèn",
"word": "鬱悶"
},
{
"roman": "yùmèn",
"word": "郁闷"
},
{
"roman": "yùyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "鬱鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yùyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "郁郁"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùbùlè",
"word": "鬱鬱不樂"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùbùlè",
"word": "郁郁不乐"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùguǎhuān",
"word": "鬱鬱寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùguǎhuān",
"word": "郁郁寡欢"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "齪嘈"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "龊嘈"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "youyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yu¹-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōu-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "iouyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ююй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jujuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu wāt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo¹ wed¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "iu'ud"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "zh:Psychology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "yōuyùzhèng",
"word": "憂鬱症"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyùzhèng",
"word": "忧郁症"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù de Táiwān wūguī",
"word": "憂鬱的臺灣烏龜"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù de Táiwān wūguī",
"word": "忧郁的台湾乌龟"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～症, ～病) depression"
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-zh-noun-jAK1~MSe",
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"～症",
"憂鬱症#Chinese"
],
[
"病",
"病#Chinese"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) (～症, ～病) depression"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "youyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yu¹-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōu-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "iouyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ююй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jujuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu wāt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo¹ wed¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "iu'ud"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ゆううつ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "憂鬱",
"lit": "worry + melancholy"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憂鬱",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱な",
"roman": "yūutsu na",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱に",
"roman": "yūutsu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆううつ",
"hhira": "いううつ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^(←いううつ (iuutu)?)-na (adnominal 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)な (yūutsu na), adverbial 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)に (yūutsu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゆううつ",
"lemma": "憂鬱",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 7 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 5 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 2 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ja:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I feel depressed about my poor health.",
"roman": "Karada no chōshi ga warukute yūutsu da.",
"ruby": [
[
"身体",
"からだ"
],
[
"の",
"の"
],
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"が",
"が"
],
[
"悪",
"わる"
],
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"text": "身体の調子が悪くて憂鬱だ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depressed, gloomy, melancholic"
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-ja-adj-Xkj3Xbio",
"links": [
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"melancholic",
"melancholic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "鬱"
},
{
"word": "メランコリック"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick, dense"
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-ja-adj-QR2Hu52T",
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of vegetation) thick, dense"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of vegetation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "繁い"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆううつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ゆううつ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "憂鬱",
"lit": "worry + melancholy"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憂鬱",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "いううつ",
"roman": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆううつ",
"hhira": "いううつ"
},
"expansion": "憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^(←いううつ (iuutu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 7 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 5 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 2 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ja:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "susceptibility to depression",
"roman": "yūutsu-shitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"質",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱質"
},
{
"english": "melancholia",
"roman": "yūutsu-shō",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"症",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱症"
},
{
"roman": "yūutsu-byō",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"病",
"びょう"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱病"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"涼宮",
"すずみや"
],
[
"憂鬱",
"ゆううつ"
]
],
"text": "涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱\nSuzumiya Haruhi no Yūutsu\nThe Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, dejection, gloom, melancholy"
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-ja-noun-nymjb5AI",
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "鬱"
},
{
"word": "デプレッション"
},
{
"word": "メランコリー"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆううつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "uul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "우울",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "우울"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 • (uul) (hangeul 우울)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "melancholy, depression, dejection",
"word": "우울"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 우울 (“melancholy, depression, dejection”)."
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-ko-noun-enZotgg0",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"우울",
"우울#Korean"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ưu uất (“melancholy, depression, dejection”)."
],
"id": "en-憂鬱-vi-noun-aBS-n2iU",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ưu uất",
"ưu uất#Vietnamese"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
]
]
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Emotions"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sad; depressed; melancholic; dejected"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"melancholic",
"melancholic"
],
[
"dejected",
"dejected"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "youyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yu¹-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōu-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "iouyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ююй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jujuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu wāt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo¹ wed¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "iu'ud"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dīchén",
"word": "低沉"
},
{
"roman": "dīluò",
"word": "低落"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷館"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷馆"
},
{
"word": "喪氣"
},
{
"word": "丧气"
},
{
"roman": "yāyì",
"word": "壓抑"
},
{
"roman": "yāyì",
"word": "压抑"
},
{
"roman": "shīwàng",
"word": "失望"
},
{
"roman": "shīluò",
"word": "失落"
},
{
"roman": "guǎhuān",
"word": "寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "guǎhuān",
"word": "寡欢"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "幽鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "幽郁"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悒鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悒郁"
},
{
"roman": "yìyùguǎhuān",
"word": "悒鬱寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "yìyùguǎhuān",
"word": "悒郁寡欢"
},
{
"roman": "chóumèn",
"word": "愁悶"
},
{
"roman": "chóumèn",
"word": "愁闷"
},
{
"roman": "yōumèn",
"word": "憂悶"
},
{
"roman": "yōumèn",
"word": "忧闷"
},
{
"roman": "cǎnjǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "慘沮"
},
{
"roman": "cǎnjǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "惨沮"
},
{
"word": "憋悶"
},
{
"word": "憋闷"
},
{
"roman": "àosàng",
"word": "懊喪"
},
{
"roman": "àosàng",
"word": "懊丧"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"word": "抑鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yìyù",
"word": "抑郁"
},
{
"roman": "chénmèn",
"word": "沉悶"
},
{
"roman": "chénmèn",
"word": "沉闷"
},
{
"roman": "chényù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沉鬱"
},
{
"roman": "chényù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沉郁"
},
{
"roman": "jǔsàng",
"word": "沮喪"
},
{
"roman": "jǔsàng",
"word": "沮丧"
},
{
"roman": "xiāojí",
"word": "消極"
},
{
"roman": "xiāojí",
"word": "消极"
},
{
"roman": "xiāochén",
"word": "消沉"
},
{
"roman": "huī",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "灰"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīn",
"word": "灰心"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīnsàngqì",
"word": "灰心喪氣"
},
{
"roman": "huīxīnsàngqì",
"word": "灰心丧气"
},
{
"roman": "fánmèn",
"word": "煩悶"
},
{
"roman": "fánmèn",
"word": "烦闷"
},
{
"roman": "shénshāng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神傷"
},
{
"roman": "shénshāng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神伤"
},
{
"english": "literary or Eastern Min",
"roman": "suǒmò",
"word": "索寞"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦悶"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦闷"
},
{
"word": "萎靡"
},
{
"roman": "yīn'àn",
"word": "陰暗"
},
{
"roman": "yīn'àn",
"word": "阴暗"
},
{
"roman": "yīnchén",
"word": "陰沉"
},
{
"roman": "yīnchén",
"word": "阴沉"
},
{
"roman": "tuítáng",
"word": "頹唐"
},
{
"roman": "tuítáng",
"word": "颓唐"
},
{
"roman": "tuísàng",
"word": "頹喪"
},
{
"roman": "tuísàng",
"word": "颓丧"
},
{
"roman": "tuífèi",
"word": "頹廢"
},
{
"roman": "tuífèi",
"word": "颓废"
},
{
"roman": "yùmèn",
"word": "鬱悶"
},
{
"roman": "yùmèn",
"word": "郁闷"
},
{
"roman": "yùyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "鬱鬱"
},
{
"roman": "yùyù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "郁郁"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùbùlè",
"word": "鬱鬱不樂"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùbùlè",
"word": "郁郁不乐"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùguǎhuān",
"word": "鬱鬱寡歡"
},
{
"roman": "yùyùguǎhuān",
"word": "郁郁寡欢"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "齪嘈"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "龊嘈"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "yōuyùzhèng",
"word": "憂鬱症"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyùzhèng",
"word": "忧郁症"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù de Táiwān wūguī",
"word": "憂鬱的臺灣烏龜"
},
{
"roman": "yōuyù de Táiwān wūguī",
"word": "忧郁的台湾乌龟"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Psychology"
],
"glosses": [
"(～症, ～病) depression"
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"～症",
"憂鬱症#Chinese"
],
[
"病",
"病#Chinese"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) (～症, ～病) depression"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōuyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄡ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "youyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yu¹-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yōu-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "iouyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ююй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jujuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu wāt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau¹ wat⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo¹ wed¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "iu-ut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "iu'ud"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu³³ ut̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"ja:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ゆううつ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "憂鬱",
"lit": "worry + melancholy"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憂鬱",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱な",
"roman": "yūutsu na",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱に",
"roman": "yūutsu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "憂鬱さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ゆううつさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆううつ",
"hhira": "いううつ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^(←いううつ (iuutu)?)-na (adnominal 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)な (yūutsu na), adverbial 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)に (yūutsu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "ゆううつ",
"lemma": "憂鬱",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I feel depressed about my poor health.",
"roman": "Karada no chōshi ga warukute yūutsu da.",
"ruby": [
[
"身体",
"からだ"
],
[
"の",
"の"
],
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"が",
"が"
],
[
"悪",
"わる"
],
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"text": "身体の調子が悪くて憂鬱だ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depressed, gloomy, melancholic"
],
"links": [
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"melancholic",
"melancholic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "鬱"
},
{
"word": "メランコリック"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick, dense"
],
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of vegetation) thick, dense"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of vegetation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "繁い"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆううつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"ja:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "susceptibility to depression",
"roman": "yūutsu-shitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"質",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱質"
},
{
"english": "melancholia",
"roman": "yūutsu-shō",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"症",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱症"
},
{
"roman": "yūutsu-byō",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
],
[
"病",
"びょう"
]
],
"word": "憂鬱病"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ゆううつ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "憂鬱",
"lit": "worry + melancholy"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憂鬱",
"ruby": [
[
"憂",
"ゆう"
],
[
"鬱",
"うつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yūutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "いううつ",
"roman": "iuutu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ゆううつ",
"hhira": "いううつ"
},
"expansion": "憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^(←いううつ (iuutu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"涼宮",
"すずみや"
],
[
"憂鬱",
"ゆううつ"
]
],
"text": "涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱\nSuzumiya Haruhi no Yūutsu\nThe Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, dejection, gloom, melancholy"
],
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "鬱"
},
{
"word": "デプレッション"
},
{
"word": "メランコリー"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆううつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "uul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "우울",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "우울"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱 • (uul) (hangeul 우울)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "melancholy, depression, dejection",
"word": "우울"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 우울 (“melancholy, depression, dejection”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"우울",
"우울#Korean"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "憂鬱",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ưu uất (“melancholy, depression, dejection”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ưu uất",
"ưu uất#Vietnamese"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
]
]
}
],
"word": "憂鬱"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": "started on line 22, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"憂鬱"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "憂鬱",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.