See 寒冷 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 寒冷 meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùshǔ",
"word": "酷暑"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎熱"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎热"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "寒冷"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寒冷",
"2": "かんれい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "한랭(寒冷)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寒冷",
"2": "かんれい",
"3": "한랭",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "寒冷",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "寒冷",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "寒冷",
"v": "寒冷",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かんれい",
"3": "한랭"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "zh:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "zh:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"ref": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。 [MSC, simp.]\nShìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold; freezing"
],
"id": "en-寒冷-zh-adj-lmytVCVI",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold; freezing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "寒冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凜凜"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凛凛"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "嚴寒"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "严寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "死寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "淒寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "凄寒"
}
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "han²-lêng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hán-lěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "harnleeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ханьлэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xanʹlɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hòhn láahng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ lang⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "honˇ lang´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon² lang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hân-líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hanleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hâng néⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "han laengX|lengX"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/"
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "寒冷",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷な",
"roman": "kanrei na",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷に",
"roman": "kanrei ni",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kanreisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんれい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "かんれい",
"lemma": "寒冷",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The surface is cold but the inside is always warm, you see.",
"ref": "1948, 海野十三, 三十年後の世界",
"roman": "Hyōmen wa kanrei demo naka wa zutto atatakai kara ne.",
"ruby": [
[
"表面",
"ひょうめん"
],
[
"寒冷",
"かんれい"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"暖",
"あたた"
]
],
"text": "表面は寒冷でも中はずっと暖かいからね。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-寒冷-ja-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "寒冷",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんれい"
},
"expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chill, chilliness"
],
"id": "en-寒冷-ja-noun-JJ-Ft1P7",
"links": [
[
"chill",
"chill"
],
[
"chilliness",
"chilliness"
]
]
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùshǔ",
"word": "酷暑"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎熱"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎热"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "寒冷"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寒冷",
"2": "かんれい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "한랭(寒冷)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寒冷",
"2": "かんれい",
"3": "한랭",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "寒冷",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "寒冷",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "寒冷",
"v": "寒冷",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かんれい",
"3": "한랭"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (寒冷):\n* → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)\n* → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Teochew adjectives",
"Teochew lemmas",
"zh:Temperature",
"zh:Weather"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"ref": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。 [MSC, simp.]\nShìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold; freezing"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold; freezing"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "han²-lêng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hán-lěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "harnleeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ханьлэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xanʹlɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hòhn láahng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hon⁴ lang⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "honˇ lang´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hon² lang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hân-líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hanleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hâng néⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "han laengX|lengX"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "寒冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "冷"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凜凜"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凛凛"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "嚴寒"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "严寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "死寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "淒寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "凄寒"
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "寒冷",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷な",
"roman": "kanrei na",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷に",
"roman": "kanrei ni",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "寒冷さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かんれいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kanreisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんれい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "かんれい",
"lemma": "寒冷",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The surface is cold but the inside is always warm, you see.",
"ref": "1948, 海野十三, 三十年後の世界",
"roman": "Hyōmen wa kanrei demo naka wa zutto atatakai kara ne.",
"ruby": [
[
"表面",
"ひょうめん"
],
[
"寒冷",
"かんれい"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"暖",
"あたた"
]
],
"text": "表面は寒冷でも中はずっと暖かいからね。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "寒冷",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"かん"
],
[
"冷",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanrei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんれい"
},
"expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chill, chilliness"
],
"links": [
[
"chill",
"chill"
],
[
"chilliness",
"chilliness"
]
]
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.