"寒冷" meaning in Japanese

See 寒冷 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Head templates: {{ja-adj|かんれい|infl=na}} 寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni)) Inflection templates: {{ja-adj-infl|adverbial=. に|attributive=. な|conditional=. なら(ば)|conjunctive=. で|continuative=. で|degree=さ|formal=. です|formal_negative=. で は ありません|formal_negative2=. じゃ ありません|formal_negative_past=. で は ありません でした|formal_negative_past2=. じゃ ありません でした|formal_past=. でした|hypothetical=. なら|imperative=. で あれ|imperfective=. だろ|informal_negative=. で は ない|informal_negative2=. じゃ ない|informal_negative_past=. で は なかった|informal_negative_past2=. じゃ なかった|informal_past=. だった|kana=かんれい|lemma=寒冷|provisional=. だったら|terminal=. だ|volitional=. だろう}} Forms: 寒冷 [canonical] (ruby: (かん), (れい)), kanrei [romanization], 寒冷な [adnominal] (ruby: (かん), (れい)), 寒冷に [adverbial] (ruby: (かん), (れい)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 寒冷だろ [imperfective, stem], かんれいだろ [imperfective, stem], kanrei daro [imperfective], 寒冷で [continuative, stem], かんれいで [continuative, stem], kanrei de [continuative], 寒冷だ [stem, terminative], かんれいだ [stem, terminative], kanrei da [terminative], 寒冷な [attributive, stem], かんれいな [attributive, stem], kanrei na [attributive], 寒冷なら [hypothetical, stem], かんれいなら [hypothetical, stem], kanrei nara [hypothetical], 寒冷であれ [imperative, stem], かんれいであれ [imperative, stem], kanrei de are [imperative], 寒冷ではない [informal, negative], 寒冷じゃない [informal, negative], かんれいではない [informal, negative], かんれいじゃない [informal, negative], kanrei de wa nai [informal, negative], kanrei ja nai [informal, negative], 寒冷だった [informal, past], かんれいだった [informal, past], kanrei datta [informal, past], 寒冷ではなかった [informal, negative, past], 寒冷じゃなかった [informal, negative, past], かんれいではなかった [informal, negative, past], かんれいじゃなかった [informal, negative, past], kanrei de wa nakatta [informal, negative, past], kanrei ja nakatta [informal, negative, past], 寒冷です [formal], かんれいです [formal], kanrei desu [formal], 寒冷ではありません [formal, negative], 寒冷じゃありません [formal, negative], かんれいではありません [formal, negative], かんれいじゃありません [formal, negative], kanrei de wa arimasen [formal, negative], kanrei ja arimasen [formal, negative], 寒冷でした [formal, past], かんれいでした [formal, past], kanrei deshita [formal, past], 寒冷ではありませんでした [formal, negative, past], 寒冷じゃありませんでした [formal, negative, past], かんれいではありませんでした [formal, negative, past], かんれいじゃありませんでした [formal, negative, past], kanrei de wa arimasen deshita [formal, negative, past], kanrei ja arimasen deshita [formal, negative, past], 寒冷で [conjunctive], かんれいで [conjunctive], kanrei de [conjunctive], 寒冷なら(ば) [conditional], かんれいなら(ば) [conditional], kanrei nara (ba) [conditional], 寒冷だったら [conditional, past], かんれいだったら [conditional, past], kanrei dattara [conditional, past], 寒冷だろう [volitional], かんれいだろう [volitional], kanrei darō [volitional], 寒冷に [adverbial], かんれいに [adverbial], kanrei ni [adverbial], 寒冷さ [noun-from-adj], かんれいさ [noun-from-adj], kanreisa [noun-from-adj]
  1. cold
    Sense id: en-寒冷-ja-adj-4nLe7N5y

Noun

Forms: 寒冷 [canonical] (ruby: (かん), (れい)), kanrei [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|かんれい}} 寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei)
  1. chill, chilliness
    Sense id: en-寒冷-ja-noun-JJ-Ft1P7 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 2 98 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 98 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 2 98 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 2 98

Download JSON data for 寒冷 meaning in Japanese (9.3kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒冷",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷な",
      "roman": "kanrei na",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adnominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷に",
      "roman": "kanrei ni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-na",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei daro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷で",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいで",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷な",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいな",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei na",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷なら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいなら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei nara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷であれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいであれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de are",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei datta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷です",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa arimasen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja arimasen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷でした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa arimasen deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja arimasen deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷で",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいで",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷なら(ば)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいなら(ば)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei nara (ba)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei dattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei darō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷に",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいに",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷さ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanreisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんれい",
        "infl": "na"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": ". に",
        "attributive": ". な",
        "conditional": ". なら(ば)",
        "conjunctive": ". で",
        "continuative": ". で",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": ". です",
        "formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
        "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
        "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
        "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
        "formal_past": ". でした",
        "hypothetical": ". なら",
        "imperative": ". で あれ",
        "imperfective": ". だろ",
        "informal_negative": ". で は ない",
        "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
        "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
        "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
        "informal_past": ". だった",
        "kana": "かんれい",
        "lemma": "寒冷",
        "provisional": ". だったら",
        "terminal": ". だ",
        "volitional": ". だろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The surface is cold but the inside is always warm, you see.",
          "ref": "1948, 海野十三, 三十年後の世界",
          "roman": "Hyōmen wa kanrei demo naka wa zutto atatakai kara ne.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "表面",
              "ひょうめん"
            ],
            [
              "寒冷",
              "かんれい"
            ],
            [
              "中",
              "なか"
            ],
            [
              "暖",
              "あたた"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "表面は寒冷でも中はずっと暖かいからね。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒冷-ja-adj-4nLe7N5y",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寒冷"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒冷",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんれい"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chill, chilliness"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒冷-ja-noun-JJ-Ft1P7",
      "links": [
        [
          "chill",
          "chill"
        ],
        [
          "chilliness",
          "chilliness"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寒冷"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adjectives",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese な-na adjectives"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒冷",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷な",
      "roman": "kanrei na",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adnominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷に",
      "roman": "kanrei ni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-na",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだろ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei daro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷で",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいで",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷な",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいな",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei na",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷なら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいなら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei nara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷であれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいであれ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de are",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃない",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja nai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei datta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃなかった",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja nakatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷です",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいです",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei desu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃありません",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa arimasen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja arimasen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷でした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷ではありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷じゃありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいではありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいじゃありませんでした",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de wa arimasen deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ja arimasen deshita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "negative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷で",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいで",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei de",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷なら(ば)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいなら(ば)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei nara (ba)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだったら",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei dattara",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷だろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいだろう",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei darō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷に",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいに",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei ni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "寒冷さ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かんれいさ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanreisa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-adj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんれい",
        "infl": "na"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adverbial": ". に",
        "attributive": ". な",
        "conditional": ". なら(ば)",
        "conjunctive": ". で",
        "continuative": ". で",
        "degree": "さ",
        "formal": ". です",
        "formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
        "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
        "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
        "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
        "formal_past": ". でした",
        "hypothetical": ". なら",
        "imperative": ". で あれ",
        "imperfective": ". だろ",
        "informal_negative": ". で は ない",
        "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
        "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
        "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
        "informal_past": ". だった",
        "kana": "かんれい",
        "lemma": "寒冷",
        "provisional": ". だったら",
        "terminal": ". だ",
        "volitional": ". だろう"
      },
      "name": "ja-adj-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The surface is cold but the inside is always warm, you see.",
          "ref": "1948, 海野十三, 三十年後の世界",
          "roman": "Hyōmen wa kanrei demo naka wa zutto atatakai kara ne.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "表面",
              "ひょうめん"
            ],
            [
              "寒冷",
              "かんれい"
            ],
            [
              "中",
              "なか"
            ],
            [
              "暖",
              "あたた"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "表面は寒冷でも中はずっと暖かいからね。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寒冷"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adjectives",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese な-na adjectives"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒冷",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "冷",
          "れい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kanrei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かんれい"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chill, chilliness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chill",
          "chill"
        ],
        [
          "chilliness",
          "chilliness"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "寒冷"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "寒冷"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "寒冷",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "寒冷"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "寒冷",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.