See 寒冷 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùshǔ",
"word": "酷暑"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎熱"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎热"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kanrei",
"ruby": [
[
"寒冷",
"かんれい"
]
],
"word": "寒冷"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hallaeng",
"word": "한랭(寒冷)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "zh:Temperature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "zh:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "80 0 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 0 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。",
"translation": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。",
"translation": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold; freezing"
],
"id": "en-寒冷-zh-adj-lmytVCVI",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold; freezing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"Written-vernacular-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Yantai",
"Muping"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Kuala Lumpur"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Singapore",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Ho Chi Minh City"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"N. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"N. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zhudong",
"Hailu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Qionglin",
"Raoping"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Qionglin",
"Raoping"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shishi"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Dongshan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"objects"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chenghai"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chenghai"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chaoyang"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hainanese"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hainanese"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Chongming"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Lishui"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yushan"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凜凜"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凛凛"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "嚴寒"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "严寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "死寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "淒寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "凄寒"
}
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kôaⁿ-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "han²-lêng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hán-lěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "harnleeng"
},
{
"roman": "xanʹlɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ханьлэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hòhn láahng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ lang⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hon^ˇ lang^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hon² lang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-líng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hanleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kôaⁿ-léng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kuânn-líng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kvoaleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hâng néⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "han laengX|lengX"
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùshǔ",
"word": "酷暑"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎熱"
},
{
"roman": "yánrè",
"word": "炎热"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kanrei",
"ruby": [
[
"寒冷",
"かんれい"
]
],
"word": "寒冷"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hallaeng",
"word": "한랭(寒冷)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "寒冷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 冷",
"Chinese terms spelled with 寒",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew adjectives",
"Teochew lemmas",
"zh:Temperature",
"zh:Weather"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。",
"translation": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。",
"translation": "It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold; freezing"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freezing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold; freezing"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kôaⁿ-léng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄢˊ ㄌㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hánlěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "han²-lêng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hán-lěng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "harnleeng"
},
{
"roman": "xanʹlɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ханьлэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/xän³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hòhn láahng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ laang⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "hon⁴ lang⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːn²¹ laːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hòn-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hon^ˇ lang^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hon² lang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hon¹¹ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-léng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hân-líng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hanleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/han²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kôaⁿ-léng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kuânn-líng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kvoaleang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hang⁵ nên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hâng néⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nẽ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "han laengX|lengX"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"Written-vernacular-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Yantai",
"Muping"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Kuala Lumpur"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Singapore",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Ho Chi Minh City"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"N. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"N. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zhudong",
"Hailu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Qionglin",
"Raoping"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Qionglin",
"Raoping"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shishi"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Dongshan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"objects"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chenghai"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chenghai"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou",
"Chaoyang"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hainanese"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hainanese"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Chongming"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"weather"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Lishui"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yushan"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"very cold"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凜凜"
},
{
"roman": "lǐnlǐn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凛凛"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "嚴寒"
},
{
"roman": "yánhán",
"word": "严寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "死寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "淒寒"
},
{
"roman": "qīhán",
"word": "凄寒"
}
],
"word": "寒冷"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 寒冷 meaning in Chinese (13.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AF%92%E5%86%B7'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"寒冷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "寒冷",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.