"堪" meaning in All languages combined

See 堪 on Wiktionary

Character [Chinese]

IPA: /kʰän⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /hɐm⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kʰam²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /kʰaŋ⁵⁴/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /kʰam⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kʰam³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kʰam⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kʰam⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kʰam⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kʰam³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /kʰän⁵⁵/, /hɐm⁵⁵/, /kʰam²⁴/, /kʰaŋ⁵⁴/, /kʰam⁴⁴/, /kʰam³³/, /kʰam⁴⁴/, /kʰam⁴⁴/, /kʰam⁴⁴/, /kʰam³³/ Chinese transliterations: kān [Mandarin, Pinyin], kan¹ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄎㄢ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ham¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], khâm [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], káng, kham [Hokkien, POJ], kam¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], kān [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], kan [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kʻan¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], kān [Mandarin, Yale], kan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], кань [Mandarin, Palladius], kanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], hām [Cantonese, Yale], ham¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], hem¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], khâm [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], kam´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], kam¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], káng [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], kham [Hokkien, Tai-lo], qafm [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kham [POJ, Teochew], khom [Middle-Chinese], /*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*kʰluːm/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”), Jingpho khàm (“to endure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Etymology templates: {{der|zh|sit|-}} Sino-Tibetan, {{cog|my|ခံ||to receive; to endure}} Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”), {{cog|kac|khàm||to endure}} Jingpho khàm (“to endure”), {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 堪
  1. may; can; to be capable of; to be able to
    Sense id: en-堪-zh-character-lD8uMPf3 Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant alt parameters, Chinese links with redundant wikilinks, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 92 6 1
  2. to bear; to stand; to resist; to endure
    Sense id: en-堪-zh-character-5m8uHqpI
  3. (obsolete) protrusion in the earth Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-堪-zh-character-qi6ipUzC
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 七不堪, 不堪 (bùkān), 不堪一擊 (bùkānyījī), 不堪一击 (bùkānyījī), 不堪七, 不堪之物, 不堪入目 (bùkānrùmù), 不堪入耳 (bùkānrù'ěr), 不堪其擾 (bùkānqírǎo), 不堪其扰 (bùkānqírǎo), 不堪回首 (bùkānhuíshǒu), 不堪言狀, 不堪言状, 不堪設想 (bùkānshèxiǎng), 不堪设想 (bùkānshèxiǎng), 不堪負荷, 不堪负荷, 不堪造就, 不復堪命, 不复堪命, 仲堪, 任堪, 何堪, 依瑪堪, 依玛堪, 克堪, 凌亂不堪, 凌乱不堪, 可堪, 國不堪貳 (guóbùkān'èr), 国不堪贰 (guóbùkān'èr), 堪㐨, 堪可, 堪坏, 堪培拉 (Kānpéilā), 堪堪, 堪士, 堪巖, 堪岩, 堪布 (kānbù), 堪忍, 堪憂 (kānyōu), 堪忧 (kānyōu), 堪比, 堪火, 堪稱 (kānchēng), 堪称 (kānchēng), 堪笑, 堪能 (kānnéng), 堪薩, 堪萨, 堪薩斯 (Kānsàsī), 堪萨斯 (Kānsàsī), 堪薩斯州, 堪萨斯州, 堪虞 (kānyú), 堪輿 (kānyú), 堪舆 (kānyú), 堪輿家, 堪舆家, 堪達罕 (kāndáhǎn), 堪达罕 (kāndáhǎn), 富堪敵國, 富堪敌国, 差堪, 弗堪, 情何以堪 (qínghéyǐkān), 擁擠不堪, 拥挤不堪, 斯堪的納維亞 (Sīkāndínàwéiyà), 斯堪的纳维亚 (Sīkāndínàwéiyà), 會堪得 (ē-kham-tit), 会堪得 (ē-kham-tit), 民不堪命, 無堪, 无堪, 狼狽不堪, 狼狈不堪, 痛不堪忍, 百無一堪, 百无一堪, 石堪子, 破敗不堪, 破败不堪, 破爛不堪 (pòlànbùkān), 破烂不堪 (pòlànbùkān), 破舊不堪, 破旧不堪, 秀色堪餐, 自堪, 苦不堪言 (kǔbùkānyán), 誰堪, 谁堪, 那堪, 鄙俗不堪, 門堪羅雀, 门堪罗雀, 門庭冷落,門堪羅雀, 门庭冷落,门堪罗雀, 難堪 (nánkān), 难堪 (nánkān)

Affix [Japanese]

IPA: [kã̠ɴ] Forms: [canonical] (ruby: (かん)), kan [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom). Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=かん}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|堪}} 堪 (MC khom) Head templates: {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} 堪(かん) • (kan)
  1. to bear; to endure
    Sense id: en-堪-ja-affix-xjWQul6h Categories (other): Japanese affixes, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese affixes: 100 0 0 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 78 22 0 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 95 5 0 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 93 7 0 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 95 5 0
  2. capable
    Sense id: en-堪-ja-affix-gEFbJSSu

Character [Japanese]

Forms: “Jōyō” kanji [common]
  1. Tags: kanji, no-gloss

Character [Korean]

IPA: [ka̠m] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: 견딜 감 [eumhun]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom). Etymology templates: {{der|ko|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|堪}} 堪 (MC khom), {{lang|okm|캄}} 캄, {{l|ko|東國正韻 / 동국정운|lit=|pos=|sc=|t=|tr=-}} 東國正韻 / 동국정운, {{lw|ko|s:동국정운|東國正韻 / 동국정운|tr=-}} 東國正韻 / 동국정운, {{hanja-dongguk|캄|kham}} Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448., {{m|okm|감}} 감 (kam), {{lang|ko|新增類合 / 신증유합}} 新增類合 / 신증유합, {{hanja-sinjeung|감|kam}} Recorded as Middle Korean 감 (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576., {{collapse|* Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. * Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">감</i> (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.|Historical readings|bg=#FFFFFF}} Head templates: {{ko-hanja|견디다|견딜|감}} 堪 (eumhun 견딜 감 (gyeondil gam))
  1. Hanja form of 감 (“to endure; to bear”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: (extra: to endure; to bear)
    Sense id: en-堪-ko-character-AS6tiUF2 Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean links with redundant wikilinks, Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Korean links with redundant wikilinks: 51 49 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 51 49
  2. Hanja form of 감 (“capable”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: (extra: capable)
    Sense id: en-堪-ko-character-hadcMPMY Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean links with redundant wikilinks, Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Korean links with redundant wikilinks: 51 49 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 51 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 불감 (bulgam) (alt: 不堪), 감당 (gamdang) (alt: 堪當) (english: coping with; managing), 감내 (gamnae) (alt: 堪耐) (english: perseverance), 감인 (gamin) (alt: 堪忍) (english: patience, forbearance), 난감 (nan'gam) (alt: 難堪) (english: being intolerable; being unbearable; embarrassment), 감능 (gamneung) (alt: 堪能) (english: patience, perseverance)

Character [Translingual]

  1. 堪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 4411₁, composition ⿰土甚)

Character [Vietnamese]

Forms: kham [Hán-Nôm], khom [Hán-Nôm], khăm [Hán-Nôm]
  1. Tags: no-gloss
    Sense id: en-堪-vi-character-47DEQpj8

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for 堪 meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)

{
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "堪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 4411₁, composition ⿰土甚)"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-mul-character-fiHQZU5f",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kangxi radical",
          "Kangxi radical"
        ],
        [
          "土",
          "土#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "甚",
          "甚#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "七不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkān",
      "word": "不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānyījī",
      "word": "不堪一擊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānyījī",
      "word": "不堪一击"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪七"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪之物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānrùmù",
      "word": "不堪入目"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānrù'ěr",
      "word": "不堪入耳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānqírǎo",
      "word": "不堪其擾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānqírǎo",
      "word": "不堪其扰"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānhuíshǒu",
      "word": "不堪回首"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪言狀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪言状"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānshèxiǎng",
      "word": "不堪設想"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùkānshèxiǎng",
      "word": "不堪设想"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪負荷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪负荷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不堪造就"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不復堪命"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "不复堪命"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "仲堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "任堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "何堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "依瑪堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "依玛堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "克堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "凌亂不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "凌乱不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "可堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "guóbùkān'èr",
      "word": "國不堪貳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "guóbùkān'èr",
      "word": "国不堪贰"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪㐨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪可"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪坏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "Kānpéilā",
      "word": "堪培拉"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪士"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪巖"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪岩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānbù",
      "word": "堪布"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪忍"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānyōu",
      "word": "堪憂"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānyōu",
      "word": "堪忧"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪比"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪火"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānchēng",
      "word": "堪稱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānchēng",
      "word": "堪称"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪笑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānnéng",
      "word": "堪能"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪薩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪萨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "Kānsàsī",
      "word": "堪薩斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "Kānsàsī",
      "word": "堪萨斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪薩斯州"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪萨斯州"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪虞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪輿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪舆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪輿家"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "堪舆家"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kāndáhǎn",
      "word": "堪達罕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kāndáhǎn",
      "word": "堪达罕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "富堪敵國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "富堪敌国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "差堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "弗堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "qínghéyǐkān",
      "word": "情何以堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "擁擠不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "拥挤不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "Sīkāndínàwéiyà",
      "word": "斯堪的納維亞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "Sīkāndínàwéiyà",
      "word": "斯堪的纳维亚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "ē-kham-tit",
      "word": "會堪得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "ē-kham-tit",
      "word": "会堪得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "民不堪命"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "無堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "无堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "狼狽不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "狼狈不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "痛不堪忍"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "百無一堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "百无一堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "石堪子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "破敗不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "破败不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "pòlànbùkān",
      "word": "破爛不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "pòlànbùkān",
      "word": "破烂不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "破舊不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "破旧不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "秀色堪餐"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "自堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kǔbùkānyán",
      "word": "苦不堪言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "誰堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "谁堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "那堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "鄙俗不堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "門堪羅雀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "门堪罗雀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "門庭冷落,門堪羅雀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "门庭冷落,门堪罗雀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "nánkān",
      "word": "難堪"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "nánkān",
      "word": "难堪"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "ခံ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to receive; to endure"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kac",
        "2": "khàm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to endure"
      },
      "expansion": "Jingpho khàm (“to endure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”), Jingpho khàm (“to endure”) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "堪",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Tang dynasty, author unknown, traditionally ascribed to Du Qiuniang (杜秋娘), 金縷衣\nHuā kāi kān zhé zhíxū zhé, mò dài wú huā kōng zhé zhī. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may; can; to be capable of; to be able to"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-zh-character-lD8uMPf3",
      "links": [
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ],
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ],
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ],
        [
          "able",
          "able"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cannot withstand a single blow",
          "roman": "bùkānyījī",
          "text": "不堪一擊/不堪一击",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bear; to stand; to resist; to endure"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-zh-character-5m8uHqpI",
      "links": [
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "stand",
          "stand"
        ],
        [
          "resist",
          "resist"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "protrusion in the earth"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-zh-character-qi6ipUzC",
      "links": [
        [
          "protrusion",
          "protrusion"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) protrusion in the earth"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ham¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khâm"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "káng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "кань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ham¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hem¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɐm⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qafm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khom"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kʰluːm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɐm⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[kʰ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kʰluːm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Common kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堪"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (MC khom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "堪",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "堪",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "affix",
        "2": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "堪(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "affix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese affixes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bear; to endure"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-ja-affix-xjWQul6h",
      "links": [
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "capable"
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-ja-affix-gEFbJSSu",
      "links": [
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "不堪",
      "roman": "bulgam",
      "word": "불감"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "堪當",
      "english": "coping with; managing",
      "roman": "gamdang",
      "word": "감당"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "堪耐",
      "english": "perseverance",
      "roman": "gamnae",
      "word": "감내"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "堪忍",
      "english": "patience, forbearance",
      "roman": "gamin",
      "word": "감인"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "難堪",
      "english": "being intolerable; being unbearable; embarrassment",
      "roman": "nan'gam",
      "word": "난감"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "堪能",
      "english": "patience, perseverance",
      "roman": "gamneung",
      "word": "감능"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堪"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (MC khom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "캄"
      },
      "expansion": "캄",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "s:동국정운",
        "3": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "캄",
        "2": "kham"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.",
      "name": "hanja-dongguk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "감"
      },
      "expansion": "감 (kam)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "新增類合 / 신증유합"
      },
      "expansion": "新增類合 / 신증유합",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "감",
        "2": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 감 (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.",
      "name": "hanja-sinjeung"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "* Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.\n* Recorded as Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">감</i> (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.",
        "2": "Historical readings",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "견딜 감",
      "roman": "gyeondil gam",
      "tags": [
        "eumhun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "견디다",
        "2": "견딜",
        "3": "감"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (eumhun 견딜 감 (gyeondil gam))",
      "name": "ko-hanja"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to endure; to bear",
          "word": "감"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 감 (“to endure; to bear”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-ko-character-AS6tiUF2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "감",
          "감#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ],
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "capable",
          "word": "감"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 감 (“capable”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-堪-ko-character-hadcMPMY",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "감",
          "감#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠m]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[감]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Dongguk Jeongun",
    "ko:신증유합"
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kham",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khom",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khăm",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "id": "en-堪-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms derived from Sino-Tibetan languages",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min nouns",
    "Northern Min verbs",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "七不堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkān",
      "word": "不堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānyījī",
      "word": "不堪一擊"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānyījī",
      "word": "不堪一击"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪七"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪之物"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānrùmù",
      "word": "不堪入目"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānrù'ěr",
      "word": "不堪入耳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānqírǎo",
      "word": "不堪其擾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānqírǎo",
      "word": "不堪其扰"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānhuíshǒu",
      "word": "不堪回首"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪言狀"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪言状"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānshèxiǎng",
      "word": "不堪設想"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùkānshèxiǎng",
      "word": "不堪设想"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪負荷"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪负荷"
    },
    {
      "word": "不堪造就"
    },
    {
      "word": "不復堪命"
    },
    {
      "word": "不复堪命"
    },
    {
      "word": "仲堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "任堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "何堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "依瑪堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "依玛堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "克堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "凌亂不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "凌乱不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "可堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guóbùkān'èr",
      "word": "國不堪貳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guóbùkān'èr",
      "word": "国不堪贰"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪㐨"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪可"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪坏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kānpéilā",
      "word": "堪培拉"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪士"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪巖"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪岩"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānbù",
      "word": "堪布"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪忍"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānyōu",
      "word": "堪憂"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānyōu",
      "word": "堪忧"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪比"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪火"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānchēng",
      "word": "堪稱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānchēng",
      "word": "堪称"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪笑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānnéng",
      "word": "堪能"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪薩"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪萨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kānsàsī",
      "word": "堪薩斯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kānsàsī",
      "word": "堪萨斯"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪薩斯州"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪萨斯州"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪虞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪輿"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kānyú",
      "word": "堪舆"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪輿家"
    },
    {
      "word": "堪舆家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kāndáhǎn",
      "word": "堪達罕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kāndáhǎn",
      "word": "堪达罕"
    },
    {
      "word": "富堪敵國"
    },
    {
      "word": "富堪敌国"
    },
    {
      "word": "差堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "弗堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qínghéyǐkān",
      "word": "情何以堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "擁擠不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "拥挤不堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sīkāndínàwéiyà",
      "word": "斯堪的納維亞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sīkāndínàwéiyà",
      "word": "斯堪的纳维亚"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ē-kham-tit",
      "word": "會堪得"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ē-kham-tit",
      "word": "会堪得"
    },
    {
      "word": "民不堪命"
    },
    {
      "word": "無堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "无堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "狼狽不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "狼狈不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "痛不堪忍"
    },
    {
      "word": "百無一堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "百无一堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "石堪子"
    },
    {
      "word": "破敗不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "破败不堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pòlànbùkān",
      "word": "破爛不堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pòlànbùkān",
      "word": "破烂不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "破舊不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "破旧不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "秀色堪餐"
    },
    {
      "word": "自堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǔbùkānyán",
      "word": "苦不堪言"
    },
    {
      "word": "誰堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "谁堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "那堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "鄙俗不堪"
    },
    {
      "word": "門堪羅雀"
    },
    {
      "word": "门堪罗雀"
    },
    {
      "word": "門庭冷落,門堪羅雀"
    },
    {
      "word": "门庭冷落,门堪罗雀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nánkān",
      "word": "難堪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nánkān",
      "word": "难堪"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "ခံ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to receive; to endure"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kac",
        "2": "khàm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to endure"
      },
      "expansion": "Jingpho khàm (“to endure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to receive; to endure”), Jingpho khàm (“to endure”) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "堪",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
          "text": "花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Tang dynasty, author unknown, traditionally ascribed to Du Qiuniang (杜秋娘), 金縷衣\nHuā kāi kān zhé zhíxū zhé, mò dài wú huā kōng zhé zhī. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may; can; to be capable of; to be able to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ],
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ],
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ],
        [
          "able",
          "able"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cannot withstand a single blow",
          "roman": "bùkānyījī",
          "text": "不堪一擊/不堪一击",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bear; to stand; to resist; to endure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "stand",
          "stand"
        ],
        [
          "resist",
          "resist"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "protrusion in the earth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protrusion",
          "protrusion"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) protrusion in the earth"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ham¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khâm"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "káng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "кань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ham¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hem¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɐm⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qafm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kham"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khom"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kʰluːm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɐm⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰam³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[kʰ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kʰluːm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Common kanji",
    "Japanese Han characters",
    "Japanese affixes",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading こん",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading たん",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading こた-える",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading こら-える",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading た-える",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading たま-る",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 堪",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese affixes",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 堪",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堪"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (MC khom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "堪",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "堪",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "affix",
        "2": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "堪(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "affix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bear; to endure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "capable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean Han characters",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Middle Korean Han characters"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "不堪",
      "roman": "bulgam",
      "word": "불감"
    },
    {
      "alt": "堪當",
      "english": "coping with; managing",
      "roman": "gamdang",
      "word": "감당"
    },
    {
      "alt": "堪耐",
      "english": "perseverance",
      "roman": "gamnae",
      "word": "감내"
    },
    {
      "alt": "堪忍",
      "english": "patience, forbearance",
      "roman": "gamin",
      "word": "감인"
    },
    {
      "alt": "難堪",
      "english": "being intolerable; being unbearable; embarrassment",
      "roman": "nan'gam",
      "word": "난감"
    },
    {
      "alt": "堪能",
      "english": "patience, perseverance",
      "roman": "gamneung",
      "word": "감능"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堪"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (MC khom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "캄"
      },
      "expansion": "캄",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "s:동국정운",
        "3": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "東國正韻 / 동국정운",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "캄",
        "2": "kham"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.",
      "name": "hanja-dongguk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "감"
      },
      "expansion": "감 (kam)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "新增類合 / 신증유합"
      },
      "expansion": "新增類合 / 신증유합",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "감",
        "2": "kam"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 감 (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.",
      "name": "hanja-sinjeung"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "* Recorded as Middle Korean 캄 (Yale: kham) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.\n* Recorded as Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">감</i> (kam) (Yale: kam) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.",
        "2": "Historical readings",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC khom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "견딜 감",
      "roman": "gyeondil gam",
      "tags": [
        "eumhun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "견디다",
        "2": "견딜",
        "3": "감"
      },
      "expansion": "堪 (eumhun 견딜 감 (gyeondil gam))",
      "name": "ko-hanja"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to endure; to bear",
          "word": "감"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 감 (“to endure; to bear”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "감",
          "감#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ],
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "capable",
          "word": "감"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 감 (“capable”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "감",
          "감#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "capable",
          "capable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠m]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[감]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Dongguk Jeongun",
    "ko:신증유합"
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Han script characters",
        "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
        "Translingual lemmas",
        "Translingual symbols",
        "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "堪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 4411₁, composition ⿰土甚)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kangxi radical",
          "Kangxi radical"
        ],
        [
          "土",
          "土#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "甚",
          "甚#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kham",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khom",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "khăm",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Han characters",
        "Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
        "Vietnamese lemmas"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "堪"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "堪"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "affix",
  "title": "堪",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.