"-s" meaning in Welsh

See -s in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

IPA: /s/
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”). Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|ine-pro|*só|t=that}} Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”) Head templates: {{head|cy|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}} -s
  1. (literary, otherwise obsolete) him, her, it, them Tags: literary Derived forms: os (english: if)
    Sense id: en--s-cy-pron-NWkIGKhs
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

IPA: /s/ [North-Wales], /s/ [South-Wales], /z/ [South-Wales]
Etymology: From English -s. Etymology templates: {{bor|cy|en|-s}} English -s Head templates: {{head|cy|suffix}} -s
  1. Used to form plural nouns. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--s-cy-suffix-oEMsOn~n Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header, Welsh personal pronouns, Welsh pronouns Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 100 Disambiguation of Welsh personal pronouns: 0 100 Disambiguation of Welsh pronouns: 0 100 Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -oedd, -on, -ydd, -yr, -ys
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Download JSON data for -s meaning in Welsh (3.4kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "English -s",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English -s.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh personal pronouns",
          "parents": [
            "Personal pronouns",
            "Pronouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bàth (“bath”) + -s → baths (“baths”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tomato (“tomato”) + -s → tomatos (“tomatoes”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gwdihŵ (“owl”) + -s → gwdihŵs (“owls”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form plural nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-cy-suffix-oEMsOn~n",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-aid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-aint"
        },
        {
          "word": "-au"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ed"
        },
        {
          "word": "-edd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-en"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iaid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ion"
        },
        {
          "word": "-od"
        },
        {
          "word": "-oedd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-on"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-yr"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ys"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/s/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/z/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*só",
        "t": "that"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "if",
          "word": "os"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I never saw him/her/it/them.",
          "text": "Nis gwelais erioed.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That is a phrase which is not often heard. (literally, \"There is a phrase which one does not hear [it] often.\"",
          "text": "Dyna ymadrodd nas clywir yn aml.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The language is not alive unless it is used. (literally, \"…unless one uses it.\")",
          "text": "Nid yw iaith yn fyw onis defnyddir.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, even the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the world unto our glory: which none of the princes of this world knew: for had they known it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.",
          "roman": "Eithr yr ydym ni yn llefaru doethineb Duw mewn dirgelwch, sef y ddoethineb guddiedig, yr hon a ragordeiniodd Duw cyn yr oesoedd i’n gogoniant ni: yr hon nid adnabu neb o dywysogion y byd hwn: oherwydd pes adwaenasent, ni chroeshoeliasent Arglwydd y gogoniant.",
          "text": "1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, 1 Corinthians 2:7,8",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-cy-pron-NWkIGKhs",
      "links": [
        [
          "him",
          "him"
        ],
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "otherwise obsolete",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, otherwise obsolete) him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh personal pronouns",
    "Welsh pronouns",
    "Welsh suffixes",
    "Welsh terms borrowed from English",
    "Welsh terms derived from English",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "English -s",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English -s.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bàth (“bath”) + -s → baths (“baths”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tomato (“tomato”) + -s → tomatos (“tomatoes”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gwdihŵ (“owl”) + -s → gwdihŵs (“owls”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form plural nouns."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-aid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-aint"
        },
        {
          "word": "-au"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ed"
        },
        {
          "word": "-edd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-en"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iaid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ion"
        },
        {
          "word": "-od"
        },
        {
          "word": "-oedd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-on"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-yr"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ys"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/s/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/z/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh personal pronouns",
    "Welsh pronouns",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "if",
      "word": "os"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*só",
        "t": "that"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh literary terms",
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses",
        "Welsh terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I never saw him/her/it/them.",
          "text": "Nis gwelais erioed.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That is a phrase which is not often heard. (literally, \"There is a phrase which one does not hear [it] often.\"",
          "text": "Dyna ymadrodd nas clywir yn aml.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The language is not alive unless it is used. (literally, \"…unless one uses it.\")",
          "text": "Nid yw iaith yn fyw onis defnyddir.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, even the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the world unto our glory: which none of the princes of this world knew: for had they known it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.",
          "roman": "Eithr yr ydym ni yn llefaru doethineb Duw mewn dirgelwch, sef y ddoethineb guddiedig, yr hon a ragordeiniodd Duw cyn yr oesoedd i’n gogoniant ni: yr hon nid adnabu neb o dywysogion y byd hwn: oherwydd pes adwaenasent, ni chroeshoeliasent Arglwydd y gogoniant.",
          "text": "1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, 1 Corinthians 2:7,8",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "him",
          "him"
        ],
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "otherwise obsolete",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, otherwise obsolete) him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.