See ciemny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemniutki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobłękitny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobrązowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobursztynowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczekoladowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczerwony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnofioletowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnokasztanowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoniebieski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnooki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnopomarańczowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoróżowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoskóry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoszary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnowłosy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnozielony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnożółty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemny jak tabaka w rogu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "spod ciemnej gwiazdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna masa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna mogiła"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna strona mocy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemne pieczywo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniaczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Ciemniak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemno"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnoblond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnogród"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemny chleb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemnić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemnić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciemny<id:dark>",
"id": "dark",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьmà\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmà\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"dark\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemny\" id=\"Polish:_dark\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciemny.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćma",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ćma + -ny",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьmà\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nInherited from Old Polish ciemny. By surface analysis, ćma + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciemniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najciemniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemniejszy",
"adv": "ciemno"
},
"expansion": "ciemny (comparative ciemniejszy, superlative najciemniejszy, derived adverb ciemno)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ćmy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ściemniony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ściema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zaćmienie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (with little to no light)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-wEW3kCSw",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 19 17 8 6 4 13 8 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "pl:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having an intense color shade with a low degree of brightness)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-0GwghKsn",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 19 17 8 6 4 13 8 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "pl:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having a black or brown or navy blue color)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-9D8oKu8H",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 19 17 8 6 4 13 8 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "pl:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having a skin color close to brown, swarthy or tanned)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-9gsY9wxP",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "smagły"
},
{
"word": "śniady"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having a low, dull sound tone)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-tBeGfoW3",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 12 10 17 13 3 11 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 12 10 17 13 3 11 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 11 12 10 18 12 3 10 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 9 10 8 27 10 3 14 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (tragic and full of misfortunes)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-FEydTw3t",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czarny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "oświecony"
},
{
"word": "światły"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"benighted, ignorant, primitive (uneducated and backward)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-AYF4BbZO",
"links": [
[
"benighted",
"benighted"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"primitive",
"primitive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nieoświecony"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 12 19 17 8 6 4 13 8 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "pl:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark; shady (suspicious, untrustworthy and often dangerous)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-SoMBCg-n",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podejrzany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 13 14 11 5 15 3 12 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (complicated and incomprehensible)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-sZuJCwRA",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) dark (complicated and incomprehensible)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niezrozumiały"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark, evil; malign (of e.g. a demon, having bad intentions)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-ZJtZpiT7",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zły"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 2 7 9 9 7 4 10 2 8 5 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "Isn't that blind woman on the scrounge yet.",
"text": "To ta ciemna kobiéta nie chodzi jesce po prośbie.",
"translation": "Isn't that blind woman on the scrounge yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ślepy"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-pl-adj-EjYGdiSj",
"links": [
[
"ślepy",
"ślepy#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) synonym of ślepy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ślepy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɘ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɘ"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciemny"
}
],
"word": "ciemny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Colors"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemniutki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobłękitny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobrązowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobursztynowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczekoladowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczerwony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnofioletowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnokasztanowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoniebieski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnooki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnopomarańczowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoróżowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoskóry"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoszary"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnowłosy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnozielony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnożółty"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemny jak tabaka w rogu"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "spod ciemnej gwiazdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna masa"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna mogiła"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemna strona mocy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemne pieczywo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnia"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniaczka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemno"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnoblond"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnogród"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemny chleb"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemnić"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemnić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciemny<id:dark>",
"id": "dark",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьmà\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmà\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"dark\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemny\" id=\"Polish:_dark\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciemny.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćma",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ćma + -ny",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьmà\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nInherited from Old Polish ciemny. By surface analysis, ćma + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciemniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najciemniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemniejszy",
"adv": "ciemno"
},
"expansion": "ciemny (comparative ciemniejszy, superlative najciemniejszy, derived adverb ciemno)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ćmy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ściemniony"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ściema"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zaćmienie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (with little to no light)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having an intense color shade with a low degree of brightness)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having a black or brown or navy blue color)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (having a skin color close to brown, swarthy or tanned)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "smagły"
},
{
"word": "śniady"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark (having a low, dull sound tone)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (tragic and full of misfortunes)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czarny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "oświecony"
},
{
"word": "światły"
}
],
"glosses": [
"benighted, ignorant, primitive (uneducated and backward)"
],
"links": [
[
"benighted",
"benighted"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"primitive",
"primitive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nieoświecony"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark; shady (suspicious, untrustworthy and often dangerous)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podejrzany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasny"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"dark (complicated and incomprehensible)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) dark (complicated and incomprehensible)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niezrozumiały"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark, evil; malign (of e.g. a demon, having bad intentions)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zły"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "Isn't that blind woman on the scrounge yet.",
"text": "To ta ciemna kobiéta nie chodzi jesce po prośbie.",
"translation": "Isn't that blind woman on the scrounge yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ślepy"
],
"links": [
[
"ślepy",
"ślepy#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) synonym of ślepy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ślepy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɘ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɘ"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciemny"
}
],
"word": "ciemny"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciemny meaning in Polish (11.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.